1940-03-05 — Page 16

Tuesday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

March 5, 1940.

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Tuesday, March 5, 1940.

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The Small Nations

WHEN about twelve months ago President Roosevelt asked Hitler to pledge himself that he would not attack the independent nations of Europe for ten years no satisfaction was given. When the smaller nations were asked to say whether they were afraid of a German attack they held their peace. They appeared to |be afraid of the bully's ill-will.

are

The past year has brought a *** | startling change. There is not a single one of the small nations but is acutely apprehensive of assault. The three Baltic States were swallowed whole by Russia, and she is now engaged in a painful effort to absorb Finland. Alarmed by the fate of these, all the other small nations feverishly strengthening their defences, determined to resist any attack upon their liberties.

King Carol has declared that Rumania will never allow an enemy to set foot upon her soil. Because. Holland has made no war-like boasts doubts have been expressed of her will or capacity to resist aggression. She has boldly dispelled that illusion. The Government announces in the plainest possible words that any assault on Dutch territory will be met with the most obstinate armed resistance.

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Belgium, at the moment, is silent, but she could have no choice but resistance if Holland were assailed by a German flank- ing movement on the Maginot Line. It is no pessimistic view. to regard the position of *********** |Norway, Sweden, and Denmark

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as eritical in the extreme. |Switzerland, till lately considered to be the safest country in Europe, has mobilised all her forcos, and has 660,000 men ready to oppose any attempt by Germany to break through there. The danger to the Balkan States comes from another Russia, and anxious efforts are being made to procure adjust- ment of their differences leat disaster overtake them..

source,

There is not a spot on the map of Europe but is threatened with war, and a false move anywhore [might precipitate a Continental

war.

sergeant who swears.

W

E In Great Britain seem to have re- placed our old bar- rack square discl- pline with a peculiar form of psycho-analytical treatment.

Recruits are no longer spoken to sharply if they are idle in case they are upset, and the father- liness of the modern command- ing officer seems certain to make the barracks a perfect "home from home."

There are soldiers in our army to-day who have been in training for three months and yet walk about the streets of the garrison towns as if they had just got out of bed after a heavy night.

---The saluting is slovenly and om cers seem unwilling to Impose dis- clpline except on their own units. Officers, non-commissioned off- cers and men are mixing in public places, and where attempts to tighten discipline occur parents and the modern soldiers them- selves become class conscious and insist that a private soldier is as good as a general

He may be, but no war was ever won on that basis, and unless something is done to tighten dis- clpline over here I dread to think what will happen in the front line when the real war starts.

I will explain this criticism. When troops are in the front.. line and are being badly shelled or have suffered heavy casualties over

Commanded the international Brigado's British Battalion in Spain.

HERE are two sorts of discipline. One is the obedience men give to orders they know are necessary and to leaders they respect.

It goes beyond obedience: dis- plined soldiers do not have to wait for orders or find an officer. before they do what they know is needed; their own willingness, their feeling of shared responsi- bility, can lead them.

of that sort of disciplino no army can have tooʻmuch--and the British army needs more. But that

says Oliver BALDWIN

(Viscount Corvedale). Socialist Conservative father; soul of a author. aaldier, Alm critic,

ex-M.P.

a period of days, there is only one thing that can keep them working as a unit and that is the discipline of the barrack square-the can- tinuous, tedious, tiring marching, turning and halting.

Saluting, some of you say, is un- necessary. I thought so, once, but I have been with revolutionary armies and I know which side wins -the disciplined, saluting type.

When I say discipline, I do not mean Quards discipline of the pre- 1914_type. This was overdone, but its basis was right.

Remember, too, the Guards had a different code to the rest of the Line in those days. No non-com- missioned officer was allowed to swear at the men on parade: the men's offences were put in a book and the punishment was held over till next day.

In the line regiments we used to be sworn at and it was all over. Two kinds of discipline, but which did the soldier prefer?

I liked the swearing type of ser- geant. He rarely meant what ho said, and the trouble was quickly over, To-day the sergeants hardly dare, reprimand: the new soldier must remain a civilian in spirit.

When discipline is as slack as

Was in Franco with the Irish Guards in 1916 at 17

that it is more than ever essential that officers, non-commissioned officers and men should be segre- gated as much as possible; for it you add familiarity to slovenlincas, sensitiveness to reprimand and.

got casual saluting you havo nothing better than a mob, and three months' front-line service will completely disorganise It

The only part of milliary disct- pline which is abominable is in- justice, and in the modern Army It should not occur as easily as it used to in the last war.

For the rest I am convinced by experience in the Infantry, in the Guards, in the front-line, and in a revolutionary army that a sterner discipline than that which our troops are undergoing al present is essential for victory.

THE DOCTOR LAUGHS

A DOCTOR, in the good old days, called at a country cottage and said to the good- wife, "Did you get those leeches. I sent for your husband, Mrs. Macfarlane?”

"Oh, ay, sir," was the reply. "But whit ' the warld was the guid o' sendin' wee things like yon for a muckle chiel' like oor Jock? I juist took an' clappit the ferret on him."

Another village doctor, after examining a young patient, said to his mother, "And what are you going to make of this little man when he grows up?"

"Och, he's shaire to be a butcher, sir," said the fond mother. "Mexty.." he's that fond o' animals, we cann keep him oot of the slaughter-hoose." Weelum was feeling very "low"

when the doctor called,

"Well, Weelum, and how are you. to-day?" Inquired the doctor.

"Verra bad; verra had. I wush Providence wad ha'e mercy on me in' tak me awa'"

who

tak' the

""Hoots, Weelum," sald his wife, was standing by, "hoo can ye

that if expec

ye winna doctor's pheesle?"

The new doctor had been called in to attend one of Mrs. MTosh's large- family.

On entering the house he said, "I detect rather a disagreeable smell in the house, Mrs. M'Tosh. Are you sure the drains

"Och, it canna be the draina, sir," said she Indignantly "There's nane- here ava","

An Irish doctor, who had been called on to examine the victim of un accident, gave judgment as fol- lows: "There are three wounds. One may prove fatal, but I expect he will recover from the other two." One day the doctor called at a form labourer's cottage. "How

is your husband this morning?" he ask- ed buxom woman who opened the door to him. "Did you take his temperature as I told you?"

"Oh, ay, str," she replied. "I put the barometer on his chest, an' it PLEASE Turn To Pago 2.

Saluting will never win a war

SAYS TOM WINTRINGHAM

Son of a solicitor, nephew of one of the first woman MPa, and an expert on military affatrz.

barrack-aquaro drill, smart salut- ing, separation of officers and men, swearing Bergeants, reprimands, aterances,

That sort of discipline is uselesa to-day. It destroys the strongest moral force in an army, the feeling of comradeship. It makes men dependent on constant supervision. They do nothing beyond what they aro told to do. That to-day is not enough.

An- army in modern battle splits itsolf into a tightly-wovon mesh of little groups; it is not possible for an officer or sergeant to be with each

or for orders to reach

-

Our appallingly heavy casualties among officers in the last war wan

is not the sort of 'discipline Mr. ̈ partly due to oilcers trying to be Baldwin wanta.

He asks for the other nort:

overywhere and took after, overy. man in the line. The amount of fire.

от п battlefeld can be much greater to-day than in 1010, and the job cannot be donɑ that way.

Mr. Baldwin thinks that the dis- cipline of tha barrack-square holds troops to their job. I think of the Canadians and Australians—

our "shock troups" of the last war. And I think of the International Brigades in Spain-a very useful Infantry.

The Canadians seldom drilled and very seldom saluted. The In- ternationale, averaging five weeks training, had little time for drill; they saluted quite often, though not so often as some troops. Their real disciplino. did not depend, on this, or any other formality.

Discipline of the barrack-square type, teaches two good things: to more without falling over your- saivos,' and to get in line without crowding. Beyond this it has little vatus for war, or is harmful.

Officers should not, for snobbish,

1

wil

reasons, or for false ideas about discipline, shut themselves of; from their men-unless they are officers unfitted lead. It they are leaders by merit, not by social: class or inquence, the better their· men know them the stronger be their unity.

Democratic discipline forces mon to carry on because it enlists their intelligence, their engeracsa, their pride in doing a job well. Barrack- square discipling works only through fear and habit. To-day.. Intelligence is the stronger.

As

Marz pointed out, tho organisation of 'an army often foreshadows the future social organisation of the country it is drawn from.

The "comradeshipot the trenches" in the last war fore shadowed the classless society to which we are moving. In 1814-18 it WILA an exception; - to - day. barrack discipline is the exception. We are, by this change towards a democratic, army, a stop nearer the wider democracy of Bocialism..