1940-02-06 — Page 4

Tuesday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

February 6, 1940.

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DEATH

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the

Thongkong Telegraph.

Tuesday, February 6, 1940. Wyndham St., Hongkong

Telephone: 20015

THE prefix "Special to the Telegraph" is used by the longkong Telegraph" to indieste news which is strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecoman cations Ordinance. 1316. Such news 21 bears the indication "P" is received in Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Associatiuns, who y serve all rights and forbid republication. either wholly or in part without previous Arrangement

Finland's Struggle

It is almost ten weeks since Russia opened fire on the freedom of Finland. The situation upon which the Soviet dictator tools forth from the Kremlin is far different from his intentions. Finland's armies have fung back the Russian hosts, while her towns and her women and children steadfastly endure the horrors of bombing. Raffled in every sector of the fighting -front, the Soviet seck_vengeance by One air attack on towns and vlilages. of them, Viborg, the second city of Finland, is also under bombardment. This particular atrocity may have given special pleasure in Moscow, for Viborg was founded 10 years ago to guard the marches of civilisation. The Russian air force has paid heavily for its rails, the Russian army can- not maintain the offensive, and over 200 miles of front is reeling back. Attacks on the Mannerheim Line across the Isthmus, the short straight; way into Finland, have become cumu- latively unsuccessful.

Reports of the fighting show that in everything but numbers-strategy,

Lueties, efficiency of weapons and in- dividual fighting power--the Finna

masses.

Л

were far superior to the invaders. The story of the march of waves of, Ruslan infantry across the Ice of frozen lakes, mowed down on that clear field of fire by Finnish artillery till the ice broke under the barrage, recalls the evening of Austerlitz. But the lakes of Finland are bigger and dendiler than the laise on which: Napoleon's guns caught the Russian So for Moscow has conspired most successfully to keep the extent of these reverses from its own people, The very existence of war has. the barely been acknowledged in curiously reticent communiques. But there evidence that the vell of secrecy is at last being pierced and that an uneasy realisation is growing that there have been some miscnicu- Intions about the ensy triumphs that) had been expected. Casualties on tuch a scule cannot be concealed for an indefinito time. Uno@teinlly the failure to win a lightning victory may be attributed to the strength of the Mannerheim Line and the natural advantages of Finland. These things, apparently, dictatorship could no more foresce than the cold of winter. The Flans admit heavy lossca of their own, and they out-numbered as a nation 40 to one, ist husband thele All history shows that manpower.

military effort on the offen- in far inferior to its defensive alve power. The Invasion of Finland was plainly handicapped by incompetent direction and training, defective armament and lack of supplies, Com- munications in Russla, are still In- actequate to the needs of a large army ♦♦♦ Nghiing on or beyond the frontier.

1

Ri

ADOLF: "Of course, it's only a loan, old boy!"

To help Finland we must

BEAT HITLER

USSIA has refused the nal of the League of Nations, of which she ence professed herself the most ardent of members.

Her aggression In Finland continues. And at a formidably increased pace. With at least a million and half of men and more than a thousand war- planes, Stalin now sets himself to crush without mercy the pigmy nation which has, dared to fight for its own soul.

What can we do to help Finland? That question is being asked all over Britain, Millions of men who recognise in Women Russia's attack an act as brutal as any in history, ask it with a bewild- ered feeling of frustration. We went to war with Germany to stop aggression. They endorsed that decision. But where, they now ask themselves, will be the end of civili- sation's fight against barbadism?

FIRST

By Francis Williams

been so weakened that it no longer take sufficient har

power to effective action against a mighty lawbreaker. It can do ittle more than condemn the crime.

Nor can France and Britain alone take upon themselves the active defence in every part of the world of those moral standards which are the joint heritage of all the nations of Western civilization, including the great United States.

Three wars are being waged at the same time in the world to-day, Each is the result of brutal aggres- alon by a strong Power against a we--weak......We cannot intervene suc-

cessfully in each.

Why, I have been asked, do wo give only our blessing to Finland, when for Poland, a country less “demogratie and less advanced,

fight with all our forces?

Why do we not even give to Fin- land the aid of economie Sanctions we gave to Abyssinia?

There is, of course, a practical answer to these questions. We are engaged in A life and death struggle with a powerful and un- relenting for. We cannot afford to dissipate our ferees.

The strength of the League has

To undertake a task beyond our achievement would not be to It defend Western civilisation. would be to risk its Onal defent.

That danger we should incur if we set ourselves a limitless objec- tive. The essential first objective is the defeat of Nazism.

It is the most necessary because Nazlom, by its whole record, is proved the most persistent of aggressors. Decoit, aggression and domination are not incidental to Nazism. They are an integral part

of its philosophy. Moreover the declared scope of Nazi amblilons offers the most direct threat to And if the de- Western Europe. mocracies of Western Europe and the British Commonwealth fall then indeed will the lamps of European civilisation splutter into darkness, leaving America the solitary and perhaps transient in- heriter of that grant tradition.

Amidst the darkening storm of barbarism which confronts us, one thing surely is clearer than ever "before.

It is that the democratic system is the one essential foundation of civilised living nationally and in- ternationally,

I do not doubt that there are groups within Britain and within France with imperialist ambitions hardly less ruthless than those of Hitler and Stain and with con- selences no less blunted.g

But they are kept in control by the force of democratic public opinion which ceases to lave

dictatorshi authority under a

THE FINNISH WAR IS 9 WEEKS ÓLD IT IS-

A Monument of Bad

Russian

Staff

WHEN Germany attacked Russians would not like this explonu- ||

Poland she did so with tion.

Work

Their operations on land were no

Knowing that to obtam resistance to cold a substantial diet containing they sent their men into action high proportion of fats is casential, under-nourished to the point of semi- slarvation.

But the Russian General Staff had every opportunity of finding out beforehand, and they should have framed their plans accordingly. numbers, a considerable superiority

They had a colossal superiority in

1Ls

Democracy imposes upon ruler. the standards of toleration and fair dealing which rule in the ordinary affairs of decent men and

women.

corrupted Dictatorships,

by absolute power, set themselves. above all common standards,

We are fighting to re-establish the authority of those standarda.

To that authority the greatest immediate danger is Nazism.

I do not minimise the danger of Btalinism. I do not deceive myself, as some stili do, that Stalin's Con- munism holds within itselt any- I think thing truly socialist. Communism in any true socialist sense came to an end whon Stalin secured

control and completa murdered all those who had been the pioneers of the new order.

Stallm will go his own course undeterred by socialist philosophy. · But he will not, I think, remain unaffected by the success of the Western democracies in their war against Hitlerism.

His aggression has been carried on under the shadow of Nazu aggression. If that shadow re- treats, we may see.another change, of policy in Russia.

Our paramount task remains then that of victory in the war against Nazism. But what then? By that time, untess by some miracle the story of David and Goliath is repeated, independent: Fin and may have ceased to exist.

How then can the free nations" repay their debt to a gallant and democratic people?

There is one way in which they can try. It is this.

be

When the war is won there will.

peace conference. if that

conterence 14 to be of any valuo it. must be something more than a meeting of victors and defeated. It must be a genuine effort to build a a new world order.

At that conference we should do two things. We should set up machinery for International co- operation which, unlike the League of Nations, shall be economic as

political.

Wall

the

We must make membership of new League or Federation- whichever it is economically ad- We must make vantageous.

And

wo must make it a serious eco- nomic disadvantage to any nation to remain outside, to. resign, or to adopt such a polley as to force- expulsion.

That is the only way to bind the nations together in' an organisa- tion of international inw which. will not collapse under the first. serious strain.

peaceful co-operation pay. less casual. They employed second- . The Russians would blame the line troops. Knowing that the wea- a superiority of about two to ground

over

which they have to ther, even in the south, was normally Poland had one of the cold enough to freeze the inker in one in man power, and certainly operate. rather more in machine power. hardest frontiers to defend; Finland November, they neglected to provide

When Russia attacked Finland she has one of the hardest to attack, the men with underwear.

The lakes and ferests of the south did so with a superiority of about

and centre, the rocks, hills, and bitter forty to one in man power.

Having herself a plentiful supply cold of the far north, set an attacker of tanks, heavy artillery and aircraft, an exceedingly dificult problem. she pilted herself against a small Power defelent in all these respects, and the Finns were far from strong in anti-tank gung,

This they failed to do. Whether in millory material. They made t- Germany, in fact, attucked in opponent for more formidable than it was their own miscalculation or le use of the one, poor use of the Finland. Sho encountered some re-Stalin's, they made their plans on

tc At the outset only 300,000 of their veracs, but after three weeks and the footing, not that they were before the Russian stab in the back face a campaign, but that they were millions of men were deployed on virtually paralysed Polish resistance merely to enjoy a walk-over.

Poland was a defeated nation. They attempted to terrorize the has been brought up to 500,000. It What progress has Russia achieved Government and people by serial still remains for short of that declalve in the same perlad?

bombing. They inflicted a good deal superiority of at least three to one She has, at great coat, made a of damage, but were surprised to find which is generally essential for an successful attack in the far north. their bombers nesailed by furious She has made a dangerous thrust (anti-aircraft are.

other.

the Finnish frontier. Now the figure

attack.

The Iussions, too, have otten

across central Finland to the Gulf The Russian Fleet took a hand shown Hittle skil in their choice of of Bothnia. Against the strong Fin-by undertaking what is notoriously weapons. Although the Finns are nish defences in the south of Finland one of the most unprofitable of oper- weak in anti-tank weapons, the Rus- she has made practically no progress allons of war in bombarding from ons have sultered severe losses in nt'all.

the sea a port where land batteries tanks. That is largely because they in soft snow; employed heavy tanks What is the explanation of Ger-were stationed.

They treated Haugo at it it were these naturally got stuck and prez- inany's quick results, Russia's slow)

a harmless fishing village, and were entedy targets.

Where as in the far north, light. In the first place the Finns have surprised to find that they had one no disloyal minoritien to furnish aples of their ships sunk and several dum- tanka ldpe been used much better

results h've been obtained. though for diplomatie reasons the laged.

on

We should invite Russia to join: condition that she abandons aggression. And on condition that she allows the people of Russian Poland and of Finland a free vote to decide for themselves on their independence.

I think such an offer, with the- advantages acceptance would give, would be hard for even Stalin to refuse. We

cannot help Finland now But as much as we would like. we must pledge ourselves to re- nmber her when the new Europe is being shaped.

The first nino weeks of the Fin- rilsh campaign have been a mont ment of bod staff work.