1940-02-06 — Page 24

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Finland's Struggle

It is almost ten weeks since Russia opened fire on the freedom of Finland, The situation upon which the Soviet dictator looks forth from the Kremlin is far different from his intentions. Finland's armies have Aung back the Russian hosts, while her towns and her women and children steadfastly endure the horrors of bombing. Balled in every sector of the fighting front, the Soviet soek vengeance by air attack on towns and villages. One of them, Viborg, the second city of Finland, is also under bombardment, This particular atrocity may have given special pleasure in Moscow, for Viborg was founded 000 years ago 10 guard the marches of civilization. The Russian air force has paid heavily for its raids, the Hussian army car nol maintain the offensive, and over 200 miles of front is reading back. Attacks on the Mannerheim Line across the isthmus, the short straight way into Finland, have become cumu Infively unsuccessful,

Reports of the fighting show that! in everything but numbers--strategy, lactics, efficiency of weapons and in-

dividual 1ghting power-the Finns

masses,

R

ADOLF: "Of course, it's only a loan, old boy!"

To help Finland we must

BEAT HITLER

USSIA has refused tho apptal of the League of Nations, of which sho ence professed herself the most ardent of members.'

Her aggression in Finland continues. And at a formidably increased pace. With at least a million and half of men and more than a thousand war- planes, Stalin now sets himself to crush without mercy the pigmy nation, which has dared to fight for its own soul.

What can we do to help Finland? That question is being asked all over trinin, Millions of men and women who recognise in Russia's attack an act as brutal as any in history, ask it with a bewild- ered feella of frustration. We went to war with Germany to stop angression. They endorsed that decision. But where, they now ask themselves, will be the end of civili- sation's fight against barbarism?

Why. I have been asited, dó wo give only our blessing to Finland. when for Poland, a country less democratic and less advanced, wo -fight-with-ull-our-forces 7.

Why do we not even rive to Tin- land the aid of economic Sanctions We gave to Abyssinia?

1

There is, of course, a practical answer to these questions. We are engaged in Hfe and death struggle with a powerful and un- relenting fee. We cannot afford to dissipate our forces,

The strength of the League has

FIRST

By Francis Williams

been so weakened that it no longer has Bumcicnt power to Lako effective action against à mighty Lawbreaker. It can do ittle more than condemn the crime,

Nor can France and Britain alone take upon themselves the active defence in every part of the world of those moral standards which are the joint heritage of all the nations of Western civilization, including the great United States.

Three wars are being waged at the same time in the world to-day. Each is the result of brutal aggres- clon by a strong Power against a We cannot intervene suc- wenk, cessfully in cach

of its philosophy. Moreover the declared scope of Nasi amblitons offera the most direct threat to Western Europe. And if the de- meeracies of Western Europe and the British Commonwealth fall the

indeed will the lamps of European civilisation splutter into darkness, leaving Amerlen the solitary and perhaps transient in- beriter of that great tradition.

Amidst the darkening storm of barbarism witch confronts us, one thing surely is clearer than ever before.

It is that the democratic system To undertake a task beyond our achievement would not be to is the one essential foundation of

It defend Western civilisation. civilised Rving nationally and in- would be to risk its final defeat. ternationally.

That danger we should incur if we set ourselves a limitless objec tive. The essential first objective is the defeat of Nazis.

It is the most hecessary because Nazism, by its whole record, is of most persistent proved the aggressors. Decolt, aggression andÍ domination are not incidental to Nazism. They are an integral part

'I do not doubt that there are groups within Britain and within France with imperialist ambitions hardly less ruthless than those of Hitler and Stalin and with con- selences no less blunted.

But they are kept in control by the force of democratic public- opinion which ceases to have authority under a dictatorshi ̧s

THE FINNISH WAR IS 9 WEEKS OLD IT IS-

A Monument of Bad

Russian

Staff Work

WHEN Germany attacked Russians would not like this explona- |

Poland she did so withden.

were far superior to the Invaders. The story of the march of waves of Russian infantry across the ice of frozen Inkes, mowed down on that clear field of fire by Finnisle artillery il the ice broke under the barrage, recalls the evening of Austerlitz. But

Their operations on land were no the lakes of Finland are bigger and

le casual. They employeti second- deadlier than the lake on which

The Russians would blame the ilne troops. Knowing that the wea- Napoleon's guns caught the Russian a superiority of about two to ground over which they have to ther, even in the south, was normally. Poland had one of the cold enough to freeze the lakes in So far Moscow has conspired one in man power, and certainly operate. most successfully to keep the extent rather more in machine power. hardest frontiers to defend; Finland Novermber, they neglected to provide

the men with underwear. When Rusalu attacked Finland she has one of the hardest to attack.

The lakes and forests of the south Knowing that to obtain resistance of these reverses from Its own people. did so with a superiority of about centre, the hills, and to cold a substantial del The very existence of à war has barely been acknowledged in the curiously reticent eommuniques. But there is evidence that the veil of secrecy is at last being pierced and that an uneasy realisation is growing that there have been some miscalcu Intions about the easy triumphs that Casunities on had been expected. such a scalo cannot be concealed for on Indelinito ·Ume. Unofficially the fallurn to win a lightning victory may he attributed to the strength of the Mennarheim Line and the natural advantages of Finland. There things,

apparently, dictatorship could no

their

forty, to one in man power.

they

at high proportioner als containing

sent their men into netion they sch under-nourished to the point of semi- stúrvation.

Having herself a plentiful supply cold of the far north, act in naciter of tanks, heavy artillery, and aircraft,an execedingly difficult problem.

But the Russian General Staff had she pitted herself against a small Power deficient in all theso respects, every opportunity of finding out

They had a colossal superiority in numbers, a considerable superiority and the Finns were far from strong beforehand, and they should have

framed their plans accordingly. In anti-tankt guns.

This they failed to do. Whether military material. They made 11t Germany, in fact, attacked an opponent far more formidable than it was their own miscalculation or the use of the one, poor use of the

made their plans on other. Finland. She encountered some re-Stalin',

the footing. not that they were to At the outset only 300,000 of their vernen, but after three weeks-and before the Russian stab in the back face a campaign, but that they were millions of men were deployed on virtually paralyzed Polish, resistance microly

ely to enjoy

walk-over.

the Finnish frontler. Now the figure Poland was a defeated nation. They attempted to terrorise, the ing been brought up to 500.000. It What progress has Russla achieved Government and people by nerial still remains for short of that declsive In the same period?

bombing. They infileted a good deal periority of at least three to one She has, at great cost, made a of damage. but were surprised to find which la generally essential for an nuccessful attack in the far north, their bombers msalled by furlour attack. She has made a dangerous thrust onti-aircraft. Are.

Russians, too, have offen: The

more foresee than the cold of winter, The Finns admit heavy losses of

own, and they out-numbered as a nation 40 tatone, must husband their Joan-power. All history shows that Russian military effort on the offen- alve is far inferior to its defensive hower. The invasion of Finland was | at alt.. plainly handicapped by incompetent <lirection and training. defective armament and thrk of supplies. Com- munications in Rusia, oro silly in- adequate to the needs of a large army. fighting on or, beyond the frontier,

Democracy Imporea ΕΠΟΥ Ite: ruter. the standards of toleration and fair dealing which rule in ihaj ordinary ofTairs of decent men and. wonen.

Dictatorships,

corrupted by absolute power, set themselves. above all common standards.

We are fighting to re-establish the authority of those standards.

To that authority the greatest immediate danger is Nazism.

I do not minimise the danger of Stalinism. I do not deceive myself, as some still do, that Stalin's Com- munism holds within itself any- thing truly socialist. I think Communism in any true socialist. sense came to an end when Stalin secured complete control and murdered all those who had been the ploneers of the new order.

Stalin will go his own courso undeterred by socialist philosophy. But he will not, 1 think, remain uhaffected by the cuccess of the Western democracies in their war agrist mitlerism.

Ils aggression has been carried. on under the shadow of Naza

I that shadow. re- aggression. treats, we may see another change "of policy in-itusedas

Our paramount task remains. then that of victory in the war against Nazion. But what then? By that time, unless by some. miracle the story of David, and Goliath is repeated. Independent Fin.and may have ceased to exist.

How then can the fren nations repay their debt to a gallant and democratic people?

There is one way in which they con try. It is this,

When the war is won there will be a peace conference. If that conference is to be of any value it must be something more than a meeting of victors and defeated. It must be a genuine

ine effort to- build a new world order.

At that conference we should do two things. We should set up. machinery for international co- oncration which, unlike the League of Nations, shall be economie AS- well as political

We must make membership of the new League or Federation whichever It 13-economically ad-

We vantageous.

must mako And praceful co-operation pay. we must make it a serious eco- nomic disadvantage to any nation to remain outside, to resign, or to adopt such a polley as to force expulsion.

That is the only way to bind tha nations together in an organisa- tion of international taw which will not collapse under the first:- perious strain.

We should invite nusala to Join: on condition that she abandons egression. And on condition that she allows the people of Russlan Poland and of Finland a free-voto to decide for themselves on their independence,

I think such an offer, with the advantages acceplanes would give, would be hard for even Stalin to ToTusc.

We cannot help Finland now as much as wo would like But wa must pledge ourselves to te member her when the now Europe

Beros central Finland to the Gult The Russian Fleet took a hand shown little skill in thele choice of of Bothnia. Against the strong Fin- by underlaiding what is notoriously weapons. Although the Finns are nish defences in the scull of Finland jone of the most unprostable of oper- Weak. In anti-tank weapons, the Itua she has made practically no progress allons of war in bombarding from alarus have suffered severe losses in What is the explunnilen of Ger- were stort where fand batteries tanks. That is largely because they

stationed.

employed Javy- many'a quick resulta,. Russla's" sluw. They treated Hango on If it were these natural links in soft snow is being shaped.

got stuck and pres- harmless flating village, and were ented eary targets, p

onca?

In the flot place the Finns have surprised to find that they had one Where, as in the fur north, light shops first nine weeks of tho - no disloyal minorifice to furnish spies of their ships sunk and several dum-lanka - have brén - used inucks better- alth-campaign have-tre --though for diplomatic reasons: the laged,

rezulta, have been obtained, shk

ment of bad staff worki