1940-01-22 — Page 4

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A war of nerves, a war of ideas, a war of diplomacy, a war of economics-any of these titles describes the present struggle better than the dictionary defini- tion. "armed conflict." Except for Poland, news and action have developed chiefly on non-military fronts. Most of the news and most of the action is connected with the vital economie conflict centring in the attempt to blockade Germany.

Diplomatic moves, like the Berlin-Muscow pact, and attacks -on-warships;-are-primarily efforts to break the blockade. And on the other side it becomes increasingly evident that France, and Britain are making blockade their chief reliance in the effort to end Hitlerism. Mr. Cham- berlain has said there will be no "adventures," and military ex- perts agree that the Allies' most effective course is to rest on the defensive while tightening the

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SENATOR BORAH

WAS IRISH

1

Only those willing to guess can say how effective the blockade of the Reich will be. Reports that Russia is promising 1,000,000, tons of food are countered by others that Berlin has ordered

FOR close on thirty years DORAH held only one elective Senator Borah was the political publie omee-that of US Senator equivalent to Goethe's Spirit from Idalio-but in that past he de- that Donies. Ho ling been came one of the powerful men of "agin" almost everything and America and one of the best-known everybody. His name is not Amerluans in the world. linked with any constructive act. He started many hares, never pursued them.

MR.

In a career that made him dean but of the senate and took him close to

Presidential nomination, Berah was best lalown for his activity in America's foreign affairs, a field in which he wielded great influence TR. BORAH has been the most while he was chairman of the senate consistently destructive in- foreign relations committee, Bul fluence in American politics. He when his party went out of office, In combined a Jurga generosity of

his later years, his influence waned. heart in the ordinary commerce of. life with an inconceivable narrow.. Although he gained greatest fame ness of intellect. Mr. Borah was as an Isolationist and monopoly- incorruptible in the finest sense, balter, Borah had constructive legle- That is to say, not Hallery, nor lation to his credit. He was proml- scefal blandishments, tor the

create the labour cynical spirit of indulgence which nent in helping

department, and the chlidren's creeps over many men who have

from the path He had an almost bureau; and he fought for the eight- long held office could seduce him hour day for workers whose products laughable personal vanity-but his were purchased by the government. character was strong enough to res Mentioned frequently for the Re- sist the arts of those who seek to publican presidential nomination, I trade on this vanity.

was not until 1930, al 71, that he He revelled in admiration, but actively sought the honour. By that

Lime 30 years

of polllien Indivi- he would never purchase it at the dualism had established his reputa expense of his political integrity. ton as a "lone wolf," and hls cam- Ile was above the pelty spite of do- pain was in keeping. While other mestic politics; he sellom talked candidates had organizations at

nt work

of men, but always of principles; he and travelled with large political re- never blackguarded an adversary, tinues, Borah might have been mis- mean advantage taken for a poorly-paid travelling never pursued a

salesmen as he journeyed through Jenown as the "Lion of Idaho" becauso president in 1924, Borah remained in against him.

hail it dozen states, stopping at

and milk in side-street restaurants.

*

1028 Herbert Hoover

But, by one of those paradoxes of second-rate hotels, travelling cheaply of his mane of black hair, his heavy the GOP. character in which the President of and eating late suppers of crackers build, and his commanding oratory. the Immortals seems to delight, Mr. Borah who cut a noble figuro in the small affairs of life a petty charac ter seen against the backdrop of great affairs.

The malico

He began as a progressive, fighting for reform. After the World War he rose to highest renown as an impor-

tant voice in foreign affairs, so widely I Borah's support only after agree

gained OLIS showed Borah lind wide known abroad that there was a ing to a delnite programme of legisla POLIS

general impression in other lands that tion which included a special session popular strength among the can- he was the American secretary of of Congress in the spring of 1920. that most fallible didates prior to the 1938 Republican state, and so respected that American Borah felt it was necessary to provide mortals glut on their immediate convention at Cleveland, but when travellers in Soviet Russin, with which farm relief. Io broke with Hoover acquaintances and neighbours, Mr. he arrived he had few pledged dele- the United States had no diplomatic almost immediately, however, when

He gates. Nevertheless, his prestige relations, found a-letter of Introduc- the President permitted his Borah kept for the world. sometimes enlarged spite to the was suck that the managers of Gere. tion from. Borah their best passport. Guard congressional leaders to go measure of five continents and, by Alfred M. Landon's campaign were a ghastly mockery of terms, called somewhat worried. Typically, how- ever, Borah refused to join other it liberalism.

culidates in a "stop Landon" move ment, and the Kansas governor was nominated.

The Senator was not content to be the prophet of a passive isolation. It was an aggressive spirit of nega- tion that he spoused, and he fended it by aspersing the virtue of

other Governments,

de

Old

THE third phase of his career was opposition to Landon in 1936 Induced,

beyond, articulural items in a tariff bill. In 1932 he remained aloof from Hoover's re-election campaign. His

after the Democratie party as- for a time, the belief that he might sumed national control, Borah's balt, but he did not. He went back The most celebrated anecdote of power waned when he lost the chair- to. Idaho and won election to the his political career relates to the time manship of the senate, foreign re- seuate for the sixth time against President Coolidge summoned him to lations committee, but he still re- Gov. Ben Ross, most popular vote- the White House to offer film the vice mained one of the most influential getter the Democratie party had pro-

Coolidge members of the upper chamber, and 'duced in Idaho. Mr. Borah was perhaps the best. Presidential memination.

An read man in Washington. He would asked him whether he would like to was a master of political, strategy

on his Interesting sidelight behind the scenes in the opposition character was displayed in 1925, abandon tic most gillering dinner have "a place on the tickel." party in the city to read a Blue Book. "What place?" asked Boral. That ght against President Roosevelt's when Congress voted to increase the But, as they used to say of Poincare, was sufficient reply.

salary of its members from $7,500 a Charles Gates supreme court reorganization bill.

Among the early progressive fights year to $10,000. Borah, who

had he knew everything and understood Dawes became Coolidge's running nothing. One felt in watching him male. Borah, however, admired the in which Borah was a leader was the been re-elected in 1924, felt that his that this lack of understanding taciturn Yankee president,

drive for a Federal income tax law, constituents had not elected him to a arose from that curious coldness of

for direct election of US senators $10,000 job, and each payday he heart that onc_ands in some artists Borah was born June 29, 1865, on and for creation of postal savings turned back to the treasury the extra of high technical accomplishment a farm near Fairfield, Wayne county bank. In this period also Berat amount. Not until after his re For Mr. Borah was a flae artist. He Ill. His ancestry was German and conceived the idea of issuing bonds election in 1930 did be accept the had a voice like a 'celloa 'cello Irish. He lived on the farm until he to finance irrigation and reclamation full sum. ployed by Casals. His speeches had was 18, cbtaining an education on the work, with the bonds to the retired form and dignity of phrasing. No Wayne country pubik schools and by sale of the reclaimed lands,

ut platform could match the Southern Illinois Academy man on the

Endeld. In 1080, he was graduated Borah at his best.

from the University of Kansas Law School, and in 1800 he was admitted to the bar.

HE was 75 years of BIC. There is

Pork

Then came the World War, and PORAH and his wife lived quietly after it the Versailles treaty and D in Washington most of the year. President Wilson's plan for the He never entertained or attended League of Nations. America's parti- ometal society functions, even those cipation was a matter of interest of presidents. For years he was a throughout the world, and the senate familiar figure on the bridle paths foreign relations committee held the of the capital's Rock Creek no doubt that he would have

DORAH chose Lyons, Kat, to hang key to American entry. Borah by astride his horan Jester, and when liked nothing better than to crown out his shingle. He remained in that time was third in rank on that that famous sleed was retired, on his long career with the Presidency.

Only one Even those Republicans who have the Prairie town

year. group. He joined the chairman, Sen. Governor.

his Riding wa

only always hated him were reconelled to During this period he indulged brielly Henry Cabot Lodge, Sen. Hirain W. sport, the thought of his candidature, his desire to be an actor. He played Johnson and others in irreconellable In a worked Mare Antony

Shakespearean opposition. actively

President Wilson des He was unique in his disregard for Hoover, ulene. crainst him. A

between road company. fight

cribed his group as a band of wilful traditional campaign methods. Dur- Roosevelt and Borah next year would

The law, however, was his profe- men." but it blocked American parti- Ing summer recesses of Congress have made a magnificent spectnele. sion, and to 1891 he moved to Boise, cipation in the League of Nations. when other senators were back home On the one side Roosevelt, gay, warm Ida, whick became his permanent Barah enhanced the fame that in Washington. Frequently when he mending political fences Borah_stayed hearted, courageous, experimental, home. infinitely resourceful, but with his

came to him in that fight by introduc- did go back to Idaho for a campaign prestige a little willed.

The young Borah soon established in the resolution directing the in- his speeches would concern

with international a local reputation as an orator and coming president, Warren G. llarding. selves On the other, Borth, the most political worker. In 1895 he married to summon the world disarmament rather than loent issues.

conference of 1021, This action ration cards even for cows and distinguished of all champions of the Mamlo McConnell of Boise, daughter raised him a cubit in stature 'nter- Constitution (which Roosevelt has of the governor. In 1000, when fouted) and of Isolation (which Willem Jennings Bryan was making antilly he is influence waxed Roosevelt abandoned abandoning). his first campaign for the presidency, throughout the 209. On the one side, the laughing cavalier Borah attracted statewide attention When Japan frst invaded · Man- who represents the new mood of by leading a "silver rebellion" against churla such was Borah's renown that an official Chinese committee appeal- America. On the other, the old on the state Republican bosses. who belonged spiritually to the age of Daniel Webster.

pigs. Germany is drawing sup plies not only from Russia, but from Poland, which may make up her coal deficit, from South eastern Europe and from Italy, through which vital all supplies ure going.

But manifestly Britain and France are resolved to give the war of blockado a thorough test. And what is this blockade but a

į

them-

airoirs

'CANTEEN' IS ISSUE IN AUST

At that time stato legislatures ed directly to him for aid. in 1927 the Idaho chairman incurred the 1n 100% elected setiators.

Borah wrath of President Coolidge by tole- All de chances would have been nearly won election as senator, re- graphing direct to President Callos of in favour of Rooseveli winning. It He did not, it might well be a disaster colving 22 of a required 20 votes. Mexico for information about of for America--and a tragedy for the and he entered, the senate March 4, quires that all communications with

Four years later he was successful, concessions, Diplomatic tandillon re- Cabinet has resisted streng rest of the world,

and

1007.

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the heads at foreign governments pressure to permit "wet" can- must be made through the state teens in Australian military department. form of our old friend "sane peace by the same means-

Despite his Interest in foreign JUST before he went to Washington

Advocates of "wet" canteens- Borah began to allract attention affairs, Borah never travelled abroad tions"? Britain and France de- without the official approval of

number of ministers of religion. the date of Idaho in two celebrated Europe. clare they are fighting to stop an international body. Most of nationally as special prosecutor for until 1931, when he made a trip to include the R.S.S.I.L.A. and a Borah fought monopoly unceasing- Their view is that it is better In the second conviction, anarchy. And British-French their purpose. And carried out coed Bir Bil Haywood and other ly, and one of his last legislative to have liquor avaliablo in camp collective security in employing with the determination they w.W, leaders in connection with the nahte was sponsorship with Sen. where the men are subject to dis- the very instrument the Genova manifestly feel, it may succeed. assassination of Ex-Gov. Steunenberg. Joseph C. O'Mohoriey, D., Wys, of n

That case he lost to Clarence Darrow, bill requiring federal licensing of cor cipline rather than that they should · brand of collective security re- But when pence has to

porations in interstate commerce. He'break bounds", and procure it at the bo It was also about that time that also served on the joint congressional nearest loon. The experience of led on-sanctions.

mado, will not the other nations Bocah was indleted, apparently at executive committed named at the the British Army, where conteen Can we remember when people have to take part? Taking part, the instigation of Republican state 1038 session to investigato monopolis profits are returned to the troops, la said that enforcement sauctions will they not be obligated to try it, in connection with alleged tie trends and draft a programme of frequently quoted.

timber fraude by companies for which legislation.

A difficulty peculiar to Australia amounted to war? The argument to maintain that peace? And will he was a lawyer. But the cases col-

Iapsed when Borah: insisted in being In Republican politics Borah had was that cutting off supplies they find any better method than brought to trial, instead of taking a long record as a maverick, but he that this sergeants are permitted from any nation would cause it sanctions? Is it not apparent vantage of legal technicalities to never bolted his party. In 1012 be quer in their mess and officers can avold trial, as his opponente appar Wa Theodore Roosevelt's door procure it at any time. This per that oconomic sanctions

to go to war-oven against fifty

manager at the Republican conven-

nations which had condemned batter than, killing and that K) -- As¦à prominent...› lawyer he had I bolted the parly and kan as Bull/distinction and is the subject of s

arently expected him to do mention, but when Roosevelt mibrequent. / Petuates a most un-Australian class

aggression and wore only apply ing a rule long announced. But to-day two nations are attempt ing to bring another to make

they are to be employed they amassed a personal fortune estimated. Moose candidate for president Borah chustle comment.

Cabinet Ministers reiterate that can be most effectively and at about $100,000 when he went to did not follow him. Although : he

Washington state

favoured much of the programme of their decisions to keep the conleens fairly employed by all

Three phases marked the senatorial Son, Robert M. LaFollette, Bi, when "dry" was reached after the full nations?

carter of the man who was to become he ran on Progremive candidate for consideration

the