1939-12-04 — Page 14

Monday,

HONGKONG TELE GRAPH

December 4, 1939.

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Monday, December 4, 1939. Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 20615

TI prefix "Special to the Telegraph" is used by the "Dongkong Telegrapa to indiente news which tu sirictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommuni- Cations Urdinance, 2030. Such news 41 bears the indicatión "UP" is rgentved in Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Pren Associations, who re» nerve all rights and forbid republiestion, either wholly or in part without previous arrangenteat.

Hugging The Bear

So many of the forecasts made

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Look Through The Telegraph'

What It's Like T

to be bombed

HAVE been bombed for a week on end in Warsaw. In tiny villages and small open towns in Poland's country- ide I have seen bombs and machine gun fire rain down from the sky.

As the result I have come to the conclusion that the safest place to be in an air-raid is a big town. And the nearer the centre the better.

I do know about this because I ac- companied a member of the military ission and a counsellor of the British Embassy in Warsaw on n tour of the arcas dumaged by air-raid in the city's neighbourhood.

*The Yet

Take Warsaw, for example, elly had no barrage balloons. until the city's air defence broke down through sheer numerical weakness the enemy was kept at bay.

*

Russia's invasion of Finland. in fact, seems to bring one more of Hitler's prophecies nearer realisation. Hitler, when he vas writing "Mein Kampf," declared--Russia-could-be-no-planes. There was a system of detec sailable ally for Germany and adduced these reasons:

Considered purely militarily.

in the event of a German- Russian war against Western Europe, which would probably, however, mean against the entire rest of the world, the relations would be simply catas trophic. The struggle would proceed not on Russian but on German soil, without Germany being able to get from Russia even the slightest effective sup-

port.

The Reichsfuhrer's Siegfried Line makes him possibly less concerned about what may happen to the industrial heart of Germany. But the opinion of outside experts tends to con- firm his doubts in the economic sphere.

A tabulation by the United States Department of Commerce shows that German imports from Russia of such critically needed commodities as petroleum products and animal or vegetable oils and fats have fallen off in the last five years to less than a It fourth of what they were. may be that these and some other imports can be increased, but a great deal will depend upon

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give up. With its own huge mechanized army in motion, it obviously will not have a great surplus of gasoline and lubric- ants.

There was a belt of anti-aircraft de- fenco guns. There were pursuit

ion which warned civlikans of the ap proach of enemy planes when they were at least forty miles away, and. sounded an alarm five minutes before their arrival

It was only very occasionally that enemy planes were heard and seen be Jore the sirens had got going.

Moreover, there was in the Ares fow days of the war an effective indio warn ing sent out on top of normal wireless programines to be pleketi up by defence groups.

The Warsaw publle very soon learned to translate this coded message— "KO-RAM 20 Coming"-85 a warning of immediate danger, and took to tho cellars,

Warsaw, with its big flats, all built over roomy cellars, and many of them Btted with protective roola twelve inches thick in concrete, was at the outset of the war a fairly easy place to organise for clvallan defence.

Indeed, the public dug-outs proved to be very little used because of the ex- ecllent ahelter provided in people's own hauses.

And while the people ran into the cellars the Warsaw fighter planes chased the Gernian Bombers away from the centre of the city.

Naturally a modern block of flats, built round a steel skelêlon, stands up best to bombardment. That is only what you would expect. But a direct

hit demolishes even this,

A substantial atone house, or a steel- frame, building, however, is good pro- tection against anything except a bomb which fails exactly where you happen to be.

The bombers either had to fy so high that their bembing was 'Ineffco-

tive, or they had to dive below the fighter planes and thus come into the

range of the anti-aircraft guns.

Now inke the contrast. Just before

the war there was an exodus from the

elty tuto the suburbs. After the first dny of bombing the refugees hurried back again into the city.

The American Ambassador. Mr. Anthony D. Biddle, for example, rented A house in the wealthy residential dis trict of Konstancin, about 12 miles

Herr Hitler warned himself that Germany would find itself -even if by a "miracle" it escaped total destruction in Russlan alliance "surrounded by great military states."

To that observation he added

And can the German Reich ex- pect military ald from its new that such an alliance "would be friend on the north when the end of Germany." The past Comrade Stalin is employing his two months have seen the first army on his own missions?.. half of this forecast confirmed.

WOULD I not be of great

value if we could find out what was the exact effect of German bombing, say in one raid on Warsaw, so that we might have some idea what it would be like here?"

Mr. Josiah Wedgwood put this pertinent question to Mr. R. A. Butler (Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs) in the House of Commons suggesting

that British diplomatic and con- sular officials should make full reports of what they had perienced in Poland of Germot air bombing.

ex-

Mr. Butler promised that they would do so. He added that any aircraft which come here will get the reception they deserve."

Here is what Mr. Wedgwood asked for. This report is made by

JERZY SZAPIRO

of

former Warsaw correspondent, He experienced plenty German bombing, several times in the company of members of the British Embassy. Read, mark and learn what he has to tell you.

outshle Warsaw. On the second day of the war he was having breakfast with his family when several bombs exploded within 150 yards of his vilan. The reason was that Konstanch was four miles away from a small aero- drome. A German bomber, chased by a Polish Aghter plane, was farced to unload his supply of bombs in order to make it easier to escape, and Kun- stancia happened to be underneath.

It was this concentration of the German air force on the business of destroying Poland's air defence at the source, and of the rallway Junctions, which made the suburbs of WarsaW LO unhealthy.

Of course, a humane pilol, forced to unload his bombs, would dump them, if he could, into a river or a field. I saw this myself on the south-east of Warsaw, at Bleico,

Two pilots had dropped about 80 amali bombs on pasture land on the bank of the Vistula. I counted about 30 craters, two to three yards in diameter. The rest of their bombs fell Into the river.

On the other side of the Vistula another plot. of the samo squadron dropped his bombs on a village, de- stroyed about eight houses and killed four peasants.

Five miles away in the Otwock health resort another pilot had dropped ten bombs or s0. One of them hit an

Eloven orphanage.

chlidren were killed, about 15 were wounded, and many houses were destroyed by fire.

The weakness in my argument in that Wamaw was finally destroyed. by air-raid attack, but the onewer is that the Polish air forca was numerically

wenk.

It just hadn't enough fighters to cope with the German bombers once the Germans had occupied the Poliala western provincca and thus set free for further use a great part of Weir air force.

Warsaw's defence. compared will what I know and have seen of London's

There is a great deal of precaution air defense, was pathetically weak. taken in England with regard to night raiding, but bombing in Warsaw took pince almost always an hour after and just before dusk. dawn, at 11 o'clock in the morning.

The German aviators who wore cap-

50 YEARS AGO

Dec. 4, 1880.

A little incident occurred at Govern ment House today. It was a boy. Hi, Excellency has ear warmest congratula- tions. William Dea Voeux-Ed.). We have it on good authority that tured by the Poles were mostly young the European locomotive drivers now tellows of 10 or 20, and when they

in the employ of the China Railway the out of their planes they were Company at Tientsin, will be dismissed. nervous wreck-not through fenr, but from the service at the commencement because of the terrible atráln which of next spring, the Cliness drivers be- raid and a fight in the air, the colossaling speed and noise of a military plane, and the effect of high altitudes im- 'pose on an aviator.

The Germans knew quite well that Relive air defence in Poland was con- fined to the big cities, and to military màjectives such as nerodromes, tallway junctions, armament factories, and so

ода

On the very first day of the war, when they unleashedi about 500 bamber or inure on Polish cities Trom the Carpathians to the Baltic and the Corridor to the Pripet Marshen, they realised that they could bomb' most of the country with impunity,

now conaldered fairly-woll ac- quainted with the duties required and also more rellable as being free from the vice of drink.

Colonel Kitcheuer und Colonel Wode- house have been appointed Companions of the Bath, and thirteen officers serving with the Egyptian Army havO been appointed Companions of the Dia- tinguished Service Order or brevetted for nervices at Tonki,

25 YEARS AGO

Dec. 4, 1914. President Wilson haa unoMcially communicated to the Amerlenn repro- sentativen is the belligerent countries his disapproval of aircraft throwing bombs on unfortified cities occupied by A Petrograd oficial despatch shows that the battle in Poland whoso centro Es at Ladz continues in favour of the Russians while the Austrians have been

They risked retaliation for the sake, ndly beaten, and are falling back on of crippling military objectives, but i Cracow. when it came to breaking down civilian j morale they chose the line of lenaL resistance.

•

Three hundred and twenty-six pri- soners from Tsingtau in uniform, in-

twelve

in cluding

officers, arrived They deliberately pleked on the Tolyn this afternoon. Hugo, crowds "small"towns, and "even-villages, the witnessed their transference-from-the- wooden cottages, the open "market- fleet to tramcars which conveyed them places. even the Individual peasant to their quarters at the Honganji Temple. The police And troope DT- men and women.

In such places as these there was, off rangements were ample, but there was no nemblance of a disturbance. The course, no air defence, hardly any shelters or trenches. The bombers

ofleors receiving the, prisoners showed dived three hundred yards above them. overy courtesy. dropping twenty to forly bombs at n time, machine-gunning the crowded market-pinces, killing scores at a time, wounding hundreds.

Bombing on these occupias lested less than the minute, but the effec: was terrible.

The appalling sight of tunnan bodie blown and burst to fogyasets, of horsea and cattle awollen to fantastle dimensions, eatised atter home and panic.

There were hundreds of such raid: designed solely to terrorise the civilia population. I heard of one pilu chasing a peasant woman in a fold.as if she was a rabbit, circling round and found her, and fully filing her.

10 YEARS AGO

Dec. 4, 1920. For the Arst time in the history of St. Andrew's Society the annual ball will be held to-night in Kowloon and not at the City Hall,

5 YEARS AGO

Dec. 4, 1934, After nearly three years of warlare in the Jungle and swamp of the Gran Chaco valley, the Dolivian army now faces final, and completo defeat. The Government at La Paz is attempting to secure a hurried peace with Paraguay to prevent # carnage in the battla. Beld.

No wedding has been attended by auch vast company of witnesses as ክበው that of thế Duka of Kont to

Princess Marisa of Greece, which the presence of an august and din- Linguished congregation, was solemnized In Westminster Abbey to-day.

GRIN AND BEAR IT

By Lichty

“She makos all har money speculating—who's bean married

six times!!!