1939-11-29 — Page 24

WATSONS

Wednesday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

November 29, 1939.

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DEATUS

BUSH-At the Hongkong Sanatorium and Hospital on November 29, 1939, James Daniel Bush, former- ly Professor of English Literature al Peking National University and Sun Yat-sen University Canton. Aged 33 years. Re- moved to Anderson's Funeral Parlour, Causeway Bay. Funcrol will tako place to-morrow. Particulars later,

This morning after a short illness, Carlos Nolusco da Silva, beloved son of Mr. and Mrs. P. M. N. da Siva, age 22. Funeral will take place to-morrow afternoon leav ing his parents' residence, No. 7 Garden Road at 4.45 pm, and passing the Monument at 5.15 p.m.

The

Thongkong Telegraph.

Wednesday, November 29, 1939. Wyndham St., Hongkong

Telephone: 26615

THE prefix "special to the Telegraph" | is used by the Hongkong Telegraph to Indicate news which to strictly copyright under the provisions of the Telecommual- cations Ordinance, 1938. Such news 23 bear the indication U is received in Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Associations, who ro verva all rights and forbid repablication, either wholly or in part without previous

arrangement.

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"POL" FUSES.

PERMANENT

the noblest end, to give their lives in the protection of their. country and all that it stands for.

до

That was the destiny of over 250 of the crew of H.M.S. Rawalpindi, the converted mer- chantman, well-known in Hongkong, that was destroyed carlier this week in an unequal encounter with the third migh- tiest warship in the Nazi Fleet. To find a parallel for the

MERCURY heroism of the men—they in-

After short cirouil you simply tap one end on hard surface and the fuse is again ready for use. If you use “POL" fuses you need not carry spares.

ALL THE ABOVE ARE BRITISH PRODUCTS,

STOCKED BY:

cluded Mercantile Marine men many of whom were probably well-known in Hongkong, since

it is probable that the Rawal- pindi retained her old crow when she was taken over by the Admiralty - you must search back in history. to the days of the last war. Britain has far too

THE CLIENT: "But have you no information for me about a tall, dark man?"

What happens to the

PRIZES OF

WAR

by George Edinger

T. the western end of the Law Courts, la a courtroom usually de- voted to the hearing of Divorce Cases, Britain's .780- year-old Prize Court sits again.

Bir Boyd Merriman, President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division, trica the issues. If they are technical or complex, he may be assisted by assessors from Trinity House. But they are goner- ally simple enough.

Is the disputed cargo lawful prize or not? If it is, then it must be condemned and gold. If not, it is released-and-the Crown pays compensation to the owner.

The cases are tried according to International Law as it has grown up during the past three centuries of war at sea.

According the Law of Nations, all enemy ships are lawful prize except hospital ships and chips engaged on scientific missions, Bo are all enemy cargoes in British, allled or enemy ships.

And so far Germany has been deprived of nearly half a million tons

of vital necessities because of the activities of the British and French Navles:

But enemy cargoes in neutral ships and neutral cargoes in enemy ships are lawful prize only if they can be proved contraband of war, States at war themselves proclaim the list of articles they consider contraband.

Fa cargo in a neutral.

Iship is partly contra-

the

then, according to less,

Doctrine of Infection." the con- traband goods taint the rest, and all goods belonging to the owner of the contraband are lawful prize. All the goods so taken at sea and condemned by the Prize Court bo- long to the Crowo.

But in 1337

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And

that right to the officers and men who actually tock the prizes. that remained the custom down to

1014.

Prize money, in fact, was, more than any other, the bait that lured recruits into the eighteenth con-- tury Navy. But when the World War broke out in 1914, that old, romantic, but unjust, system was onded...

In order that men whose duties

kept them with the Grand Fleet

should have the same chance to secure prize money an those aboard cruisers along the highways of onomy commerce, all proceeds from the sale of cargoes taken at sea . were turned over to a common fund for the benefit of the officers and men of the Royal Navy as a whole.

faro to suppose that, however strong the British Flect, it can sweep an enemy from the seas | without injury. In the Deutsch- land and Admiral Scheer type of enemy we have two opponents worthy of our steel and neither ship will fall to the guns of a cruiser unless skill and, to a cer- tain extent, luck is added to the encounter. The armaments, of the so-called "pocket battleships” are superior to those, aboard P. & O. fleet. Her loss, how- over, Is' of Icas Importance than cruisers and it will need one of the loss of the gallant men who the heavier type: British war served in her. "The price of ships to deal adequately with admiralty is heavy." Those who pay it for us now, when admir- these marauders.

Many Hongkong people who ulty means the safety, hondur have travelled Home on leave and welfare not only of our aboard the Pindi, as she was Commonwealth of Nations, but affectionately called by her pas of freedom throughout the sengers and crew, will regret the world, have laid on us the duty loss of this find liner of the to be worthy of their sacrifice.

T

HE

distribution WIS carefully worked out by the Director of Navy Accounts. And there were still rich prizes to distribute. The total value of those taken in the last war was £6,035,000

The average A.B.'s share worked out at £20 a head. But 10,000 of them never even bothered to claim their portion at the end of it.

ค

Obviously, much of the zest and glamour the words "prize money evoked of old has evaporated since the prizes were taken from the actual captors. And yet there are still cases where the captor retains his ancient rights. They are called cases of Prize Bounty.

Prize Bounty was drat devised by Oliver Cromwell to meet the complaint that, while sailors who took a merchantman received the See a warship got no prize of her cargo, those who

money at all, money a

M

Originally distributed among crews who took or sunk an armed enemy ship, at the mta of £20 for every gun on an admiral's ship, £18 per gun on a vice-admiral's, and £10 per gun, on all others. Now it in 5 for

every person aboard the sunk or captured vessel.

The record sum won in prize bounty was the £31,000 awarded to the officers and crow of submarine E.14. They aank a Turkish troop- ship in the Sea of Marmors In May, 1015. That was a test case, for the Law says that prize bounty can be distributed only for the ainking of an armed ship, and this transport, it was argued, was not an armed ship.

However, there was a battery of Krupp guns mounted astern, and as the Court eventually held that the arma need not be attached to the ship the prize bounty was finally paid out.

But there is neither prize money noz. Prize Bounty for ships taken in har- bour, in the way that several German merchantmen were taken at the begin- ning of this wor.

In the 13th Century, when the Lord High Admiral's Court was first evolved, to handle prizes, the Common Law of England laid down that while prizes taken at sen were the King's property. those captured in harbour were a per quisite of the Lord High Admiral.

There has not been a Lord High. Admiral for a hundred years. Illa per- quisites have devolved on-the. Ad- miralty, which, being a Government department, now dovoles their proceeds to the relief of taxation by paying them into the Consolidated Fund.

T may seem irrational that ancient precedent should make such dif- ferences. But ancient precedent has governed Prize Court proce- dure all through its history.

During those years the law of prize and the nature of contraband have changed with the ever-changing nature of war at sen.

Yet the Engileh Prize Court has re- mained cssentially "tha same as it was in the days when Drake and Blake and Nelson stood up to give their evidence before Ita judges: a tribunal of Im mensa authority extending over all the seven seas, whose skill and tairness have been admitted by twenty gencra- Lions, neutrals and enemies.

GRIN AND BEAR IT

By Lichty

“I wish you'd stuff a shirt in Junior's mouth--I'm trying to listen to this programme on child, psychology!"

Nazi Plaint-

Wanted: More Officers

WHAT is the calibre of the now

German army? What is the effect of the changes that have been carried out in it since. 19187

Like everything else in a totalitar- inn State, publication of strength or jot materiai la very rare, and it is difficult to estimato numbers. In November, 1930, however, the Ger- some simmiacant mans published

figures, namely, the number of divi- sions and higher. formations, that peace. already existed in time of There were then six Army Groups, 18 Army Corps, 39 divisions, four light divisions, five tanks divisions,

And mountain divisions three cavalry Brigade.

The total of 51 peeco-time divisions may very well have advanced this year to 10 or more, and it is quite possible that it would be 120 divisions at war strength.

Contrast With Franco

Measures of mobilisation 'have for some time been in force and classes that had not served a full period of two years have received-special-in- struction. The difficulty, however, remains that only three of those dis- persing in 1937, 1938, 1939 are avail- able as trained reserves, though most of the other classes have been trained from time to time for short periods.. Germany has not therefore avail- able that solid block of 5,000,000 sol- diers that the French possess, who have all done their complete periods of service in the ranks.

The officer situation is also a great difficulty. Field-Marshal von Blom- former Commander-in- berg, the Chief of the Armed Forces, and his generals at the time at the now army was formed had a great tussle the with the party leaders as to material from which, the new officers were to come. The Nazi leaders wanted them to be party men, where- the generals insisted on looking to the old class of officers for future supply.

03

The generals won, but it really meant that for a number of years ♫ Bolid "middle they would lack pleco" for their regimental officers, Da all the senior ones were having very quick premotion. When I attended the manoeuvres in 1030 and 1937 the only officers In the units of any seniority were the battalion and bat- tery commanders... Apart from them they were mostly 2nd lieutenants and not more than one of them per com- pany or battery.

This lack of experienced ofcera will be one of Germany's great han dicaps in war.

Disposing Hor Resources

Let us turn now to the possibility of the dispositions of Germany's 120 er 130 divisions. In September last Germany dispored 32. divisions to deal with Czecho-Slovakia, only nine divisioris on the Franco-Belgian front and, the rest in reserve or in East Prussia, She assumed that, France and Britain were not going to fight and relied on nine divisions and her fortress troops to hold the Slegtried Line.

On this occasion the situation is On her castern radically different. front she has the country which she soon as she can. desirea to crush But the Poles are no mean adver saries. They have a population of 30,000,000 and 30 peace-lime divi- slons. Their moral is excellent and they will fight to

very end.

the All recent fighting with machine-gun arm, increased as this has been, goes to show that the greater power lies with the defence and the Poles should be able to take full advantage of it. Their. Army PLEASE Turn To Page 3,

the