Wednesday,
HONGKONG - TELEGRAPH ES
November 29, 1939.
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{TYVENIMUEN (7)
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HOTEL GARAGE Stubba Ed.
DEATH
This morning after a short illness, Carlos Nolasco da Silva, beloved son of Mr. and Mrs. P. M. N. da Silvo, age 22. Funeral will take place to-morrow, ilme to be announced Inter
the
Hongkong Telegraph.
Wednesday, November 29, 1939. Wyndham St., Hongkong Telephone: 26015
THE prefix "Special to the Telegraph” is used by the "flongkong Telegraph" to
·Indicate news which is virietiy.copyright under the provision 1915. Such now
the Talecom.m3)–
estions Urdinanes, bears the indicatión “UX** 10 reerived in Hongkong on the date of publication by the United Press Ansociations, who re- servo ali rights and Ferħid republication, either 'wholly or in part without prevIONS arrangement
Price Of Admiralty
OFFERED a choice of how to dle, most men would wish, aa
TERRY'S “AERO” VALVE SPRINGS the noblest end, to give their
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lives in the protection of their country and all that it stands.
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That was the destiny of over 250 of the crew of HM.S.
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A
THE CLIENT: "But have you no information for me about a tall, dark man?"
What happens to the
PRIZES OF
WAR
by George Edinger
Tthe western end of, the Law doria, 1 a courtroom thanally, de voted to the hearing of Divorce Cases, Britain's 700- year-old Prize Court als again
Eur Boyd Merriman, President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division, tries the 'ities. If they are technical or complex, he tiny be assi
assisted' by ~:'assessors " from Trinity House. But they are geners.
simpia
the
cargo lawful
prite or not? If it is then it must be condemned and sold. : if not, it is released, and the Crown pays compensation to the owner,
ta The casos are tried according International'Law'as-it has grown' up during the past three centuries of war at sen. S
up
According to the Law of Nations, ail enemy ships are lawful prize except hospital ships and ships
are all enemy cargoes in Britali, allled or enemy ships.
BO
chantman, so well-known in Hongkong, that was destroyed earlier this week in an unequal encounter with the third 'migh-engaged on scientiae missions. 80 tiest warship in the Nazi Flect. To find a parallel for the heroism of the men-thoy in- cluded. Mercantile Marine men many of whom were probably well-known in Hongkong, since it is probable that the Rawal- pindi retained her old crew when she was taken over by the
MERCURY Admiralty-you must search
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́ALL THE ABOVE ARE BRITISH PRODUCTS.sweep an enemy from the seas
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And far Germany has been deprived of nearly half a million tons of vital necessities because of of the British and the activities French Navies.
But enemy cargoes in neutral ahips and neutral cargoes in enemy ships are lawful prize only if they can be proved contraband of war, States at war themolyes proclaim the list of articles they consider contraband.
Joss
'F ́a.cargo' in a' neutral ship is partly” ́contra- 'band, and partly harm- then,
..to the
"Doctrine of ion," tha.con-
back in history to the days of the last war. Britain has far too long an experience of naval war- fare to suppose that, however, strong the British, Fleet,' it can
without injury. In tho Deutsch- all goods belonging to the owner of the contraband are lawful prize. | land ́and Admiral Scheer type of
All the *'goods so taken at sea and enemy we have two opponents condemned by the Prize Court be- long to tho Crown. But in 1337 worthy of our steel and neither the King of England made over that right to the officers and men ship will fall to the gunn of awho actually took the prizes. And cruiser unless skill and, to a cer. that remained the custom down to. tain extent, luck is added to the encounter. The armaments of the so-called "pocket battleships" are superior to those aboard cruisers and it will need one of
the heavier type Brilish war ships to deal adequately with these marauders.
1014.
Prize money, In fact, was, more than any other, the bait that lured recruits into the eighteenth cen- tury Navy. But when the World War broke out in 1014, that old, romantle, but unjust, system was ended.
In order that men whose duties kept them with the Grand Ficet
Many Hongkong people who served in her. "The price of have travelled Home on leave admiralty is heavy," Those who aboard the Pindi, as she was pay it for us now, when admir- affectionately called by hor pasalty means the safety, honour sengers and crew, will regret the and welfare list only of our loss of this fine liner of the Commonwealth of Nations, but
1000 metas de toss the freedom throughout the ever, is of less Importance than world, have laid on us the duty the loss of the gallant men who to be worthy of their sacrifice.
every person aboard the sunk or eaptured vessel.
The record num won in prize bounty was the £31,000 awarded to the officers and crow of submarino KIL. They sánk a Turkish troop- ship in the Sea of Marmora May, 1915: That was a test case, for the Law says that prize bounty can be distributed only for the klaking of an armed ship, and this transport, it was argued, was not :: an armed ship.
of
Nazi Plaint-
Wanted: More Officers
WHAT is the calibre of the new
German army? What is the effect of the changes that have been carried out in it since 19187
K
Like everything else in a totalitar- ian State, publication of strength or of material is very rare and it is dimcult to estimate numbers... In November, 1838, however, tho. Ger However, there was a battery should have the same chance to
mans published some significant mounted astern, and guns mad secure prize money as those aboard
figures, namely, the number of 4lvi- as the Court eventually held that
sions and higher formations that cruisers along the highways of
the arms need not be attached to already existed in time of peace,d Enemy commerce, all proceeds from
ale of cargoes cakontas :sentan ship the prize, bounty, was There were then she Army Groups, 18 Army Corps, 90 divisions, four were turned over to comma Anair paid out. farid for the Benent of the ofcers But there is neither jaise money nor
light divisions, five tank divisionsŠENÉ A and men of the Royal Mary as a case Bounty for stops taken in harthree mountain: divisions and
nour, in the way that severodiderman, ravalry Brigade. merchantmen were taken at the begin” hing of this War.
whole.
T
..
Myền
distribution we carefully worked out, bý the Director of: Mavy Accounts and there were still rich prises to distribute, "The total valus of those LAKEN IN LEO KASS WAT 159
LA
The total of 51 peace-time divisions, may very well have advanced this... year to 60 or more, and It is quite possible that it would be 120 divisions
war strength.
In the 13th Century, when the Lord High Admiral's Court was first evolved, to handle pripes, the Common Law of - Engrand laid down that while gravesit
taken at sea were the King's property. those captured in harbour were a per-
“there, kan zot; been, a-Lord. High-
late of the Lord High Admiral. manat for a humired years. His per Pikyalaiten:“havdi "devolved on the 14-
-
KAD Zevi's share worked miralty, which; "being ■' Government
out
The
́at £20's head.' Bus 10,000 of them never even bothered to claim their portion at the end of it.
W
Obviously, much of the xest and glamour the word prize money evoked of old has evaporated rizes were taken from since the prizes tho actual captors. And yet there are still cases where the captor retains his ancient rights. They are called cases of Prize Bounty.
Prize Bounty was first devised by Oliver Cromwell to meet the complaint that, while sailors who Look
a merchantman received the proceeds of her cargo, those who captured a warship got no prize money at all. Originally it was distributed among crews who took or sunk an armed enemy ship, at the rate of £20 for every gun en an admiral's ship, £16 per gun on
■ vice-admiral's, and £10 per gun on all others. Now it is 23 for
department, now devolca their proceeds to the relier of taxation by paying them into the Consolidated Fund..:
ferences.
T may seem irrational that ansient precedent should make such dif- But ancient precedent has governed Prize Court proce- dure all through its history,
During those years the law of prize and the nature of contraband have changed with the ever-changing nature of war at Kea,
Yet the English Prize Court has re- mained essentially the same as it was in the days when Drake and Blake and Nelson stood up to give their evidence before its judges; * tribunal of im- mense authority extending over. all the seven seas, whose skill and fairness. have been admitted by twenty geners- tions, neutrals and 'eisemies.·
GRIN AND BEAR IT
IN AND B
•You'd'atu
.1
Contrast With Frances Measures of mobilisation have for Lome. Lime been in fores and classes that had not served a full period of *** two years have received, special in struction. The dimetty, however, remains that only three of those dis perking in: 1937, 1938, 1939 are avall. able as trained reserves, though most of the other classes have been trained from time to time for short periods Germany has not therefore avail- able that solid block of 5,000,000 sol- diers that the French possess, who have all done their complete periods of service in the ranks.
The officer situation is also a great difficulty. Flold-Marshal von Blom- the former Commander-in- Chief of the Armed Forces, and his generals at the time that the new army was formed had a great tussle with the party leaders ns to the material from which the new officers were to come. The Nazi leaders wanted them to be party men, where
to as the generals insisted on looking the old class of officers for future supply.
berg
The generals won, but it really meant that for a number of years they would lack a solid "middle
By Lichty of theft regimental officers, as
any
all the senior ones were having very quick promotion. When I attended the manoeuvres in 1930 and 1937 the
of only officers in the unita seniority were the battalion-and.baty. tery commanders. Apart from them they were mostly End Ileutenants and not more than one of them per com- pany or Battery,
This lack of experienced officers will be one of Germany's great ban- jdicaps in war. 2-
Disposing Hor Resources
Let us turn now to the possibility of the dispositions of Germany's 120 or 130 divisions. In September last Germany disposed 32 divisions to deal with Czecho-Slovakia, only nine- divisions on the Franco-Belgian front and the rest in reserve or in East Prussia. She assumed that France and Britain were not going to fight and relied on nine divisions and her fortress troops to hold the Siegtried..
Line.
this occasion the situation is On this radically different. On her castern front she has the country which abe desires to cruth as soon as she cal But the Poles are no mean adver
aries. They have a population of 50,000,000 and 30 peace-time: divi- alons. Their moral is excellent and they will fight 'the very end.
All Crocent fighting ·with the machine-gun arm, increased as this has been, -12ose to show, that the greater power as with the defence and the Poles should, belable to take..... shirt in Junior's mouth--I'm trying to full advantage; (f) "Their "Army
PLEASE THEm To Faza 3.
listen to this programme on child psychology!"
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