1939-11-27 — Page 24

November 27, 1939...

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by the Empire's co-operation in the War. That liberly and decency--the girders of a civilisation-are Blake is appreciated alike by the self- governing Dominions and by all other communities that acknowledge His jurisdiction. The rc- Majesty's pudiation of Hitlerism.ls joined in by every race and colour. Its over- throw is recognised as being vital to everything that makes life worth Ilving. It is a cardinal challenge that is offered by the Nazi power" Whoever evades it "sinks to the rear and the slaves."

The quick intelligence of the rcal the Dominions has grasped nature of the crisis. They know that it is no mere question of European interests that hangs in the scale. It is the issue of liberty or slavery for the New World and for the Antipodes that is being fought out on the plains and seas and in the skies of the Old World to-day.

Consultation must determine how cach part of the Empire. can most effectually throw its weight into the struggle whether in the contribution of man-power or in the pruduction of food or armaments. It was not until an advanced singe of the Great War that this discrimination was arrived at. With experience to guide us, we are more alert to-day to the penalties of waste and confusion. The present deliberations in London will facilitate a wise allocation of functions, so that every party of the Empire may most effectually bear its part in removal- of the peril that overhangs all.

In 1914 we thought of the outer Empire mainly as a source of the manpower which was so welcome a reinforcement to our own undevelop- cd strength in that regard. To-day, in the presence of a more mechanised warfare, we realise how the develop- ment of the Dominions has made them not less effelent allies under those altered conditions. Their in- dustrial growth has rendered them capabic of most valuable contribu- tion to the equipment of a modera fighting force. The outbreak of war has already transformed some of the aspects of Imperial strategy. No- thing is more remarkable than the instant perception of Canada's situa- tlon as the geographical centre for the preparation of alr-power. The Mother Country and the other Dominions alike are preparing to organise there the training of those will ultimately squadrons which overpower the utmost strength that an enemy can place in the field.

It is needless to speak of the gra- titude and admiration evoked by tho cogerness with which the Dominions range themselves by our alde. Their efforts will not only, have a decisive effect on the struggle between bar- barism and civilisation, They will raise the spiritual stature of their own communiilea by the conscious- ness that they have played the part of principals in one of the greatest dramas of history.

HAT kind of war is this? You lear that question all sides.

It is asked because

the first month of war has dif- fered very substantially from people's expectation.

It has run contrary to all the prophecies of wave after wave of German bombers seeking to Jay waslo the civilian popula- tions of France and Britain.

It has so far in the West-though not, let us always remember, in Poland been a military and naval war of the old kind, not the new kind of total war" which was ex- pected.

tt

no

And

even on the Western Front thore has been practically aggressive German action through- British out these weeks, while troops have been moving to posi- tions in France.

Why has Hitler thrown away the military advantage he might have gained by a lightning attack on the West, while our troops were on

the move?

The answer to that is, I believe, that Hitler is fighting this war as n `politician, not as a soldier.-

He has been prepared to lose a possible--although by no means certain military advantage because it might have interfered with his politient strategy.

The famous dictum of Clause- witz. the Prussian military philo- sopher, that war is merely a con- tinuation of the policies of dip- lomacy by other means, has been carried a stage farther by 'Hitler.

To him diplomacy is a continua- tion or the policies of war by other means. Or rather these means aro Either weapon Interchangeable. will be used as circumstance sug- GOSTI.

He believes with Clausewitz, that "the political goal is the end and warfare is a means leading to

it.'

A means which will be used without scruple when-as in Poland-It seems the most suit able to him, but which will from tima

time

by bo replaced

to

kind of war

is this?

by

FRANCIS WILLIAMS

political means if that seems the clear in our minds as to its pur- more likely to bring results.

pose, and clear also as to what we Hitler, I suggest, realises that ourselves mean when wo talk of with France and Britain united peace and what conditions we re- against him, and it is important to gard as necessary to secure it. streas the word united, war as a

There is, of course, already a end--which is minority of means to

opluton in Britain German domination of Europe which is in favour of stopping the may prove a weapon which will war now. To say that is not to

any secrets

the break in his hand, though I do not give away think there is any doubt he will enemy, who are aware of it.

This minority is made up of employ it if other means fall.

oddly assorted groups.

Bat for the moment he is rely- ing chiefly on the political weapon. And let no one under-estimate his skill in the use of that weapon.

His political weapon is "peace " talk.

The first sortie in this campaign was made a week ago. It has been answered and answered with the right firmness--by M. Daladier in France and by Mr. Chamberlain and Mr. Attlee in Britain,

But I conjecture that there will be further "peaco approaches from Hitler. Not because I think Hitler wants a genuine peace-a peace based on international equity and secured by reciprocal guarantees which will be honoured. I do not think he does, though the German people may.

*

But because the, sort of "pence proposals" he put forward a week age are the chosen weapon in the political war he is now conducting. Why does he use this weapon? Because ho judges-and his whole political success is built on his flake for judging and playing upon mass opinion-that this, more than anything else, may create disunity in our ranks.

And, indeed. It may unless we are

GRIN AND BEAR IT

18+

By Lichty

"No-l didn't get that other woman's numbor, but sho was wearing ■ sailor straw, kad dyed hair, and of all things, black not gloves."

to

There are, arst, the complète pacifists. One may, as I do, dia- agree with them, but one must honour their sincerity. To them anything-even Hitler domination -is preferable to war, which they cannot reconcile with their con-. sciences.

They

would, If the ultimate test came, offer nothing but passivo resistance oven to a Nazi Invasion of Britain, believing that even although their generation and the next and the next might be sacrl- aced, in the end their attitude of non-violence would prevail.

Then there is a small group within the Tory Party which is now in favour of calling off the war because they are convinced. on the evidence of Stalin's auc- cesses to date, that a continuatio of the war against Nazi Germany will mean the "Bolshevisation" of Europe, and they regard this ag a more serious threat to their in- terests than is Nazi Germany.

Thirdly, there are the Com- munists, who, having originally halled this as a war for freedom Fascism, have now changed against their

minds оп orders from Moscow. Instead of warning their followers against the Tory die- hards' desire for an imperialist peace, they denounce the stand against Initierism as an imperialist

war.

This

baan

sudden somersault has too much for the British commonsense of most of their adherents, including Mr. Harry Pollitt, their secretary, who has been sacked by the executive,

This is a break with precedent. It they were faithful to their Russian model, it should to the other way about. The secretary should liquidate the executive.

Joining with them as new com- rades in a "top the war on Elit- ter's torma" cry are the Fascisto, who have no public importance in this country except na An obnoxious nolae at street corners.

And now there is Mr. Bernard Chaw. Mr. Shaw's sense of the theatre, which leads him to dangerous over-simplification of International Issues, plus his kindly nature, which makes him anxious to trust everybody-first Mr. Chamberlain, then M. Stalin. and now Herr Hitler-have led him to produce a new theory.

Mr. Shaw's theory is that itler

has now discovered ho is not as wicked as he thought he was, and that he cannot bring himself to bomb innocent people, so that the war will stop anyway.

To this the short reply is that the men and women of Warsaw and the peasants in the Polish- fields bombed by the German rakders would give Mr. Shaw all the ovidence he needs of the quality of Hitler's mercy, if he were not so unshakingly determined to show how clover he is by declaring that black is really white.

There are the main groups-for Mr. Shaw's rich variety of con- flicting opinions clearly entitle him to be counted as such-among the stop the war movement in Britain. They

They have some importance as the raw material of Hitler's cam-

paign-intellectual cannon fodder In his political war,

But their combined ability to disrupt British opinion is not large. Hitler has other facts in mind.

The first of these facts is the hatred of the British people for war. The second is the tendency of people all over the world to allow themselves to be bemused .by words.

Hatred of war is deeply im- planted in the British people-it is, above all, deeply implanted in the Socialist Movement.

It is fine thing that it should bc. But it is not enough to hate war.

Hatred of war must be balanced by a constructive idea of the conditions necessary to any true and IRsting peace.

Hitler, one presumes. Is hoping that if he talks sufficiently of peace he will mobiliae in his cer- vice as unconscious allies in his political war all the hopes of common people for peace-those same hopes that led many people in Britain to acclaim the Munich Bottlement without recognising its true significance.

He hopes, no doubt, that if he talks suficiently of peace, people will allow themselves to forget his broken promises of the past, and out of their desire for peace urge that there should be negotiation. which even though on a basis leaves him with the spoils of past aggression and with freedom to embark upon fresh aggressions in the future.

At the least ho hopes to confuse the sun the minds of our people, to disrupt opinion and to wenken resolution.

:

His tactics can be answered only by positive appreciation on our part of the kind of peace we want and the guarantees necessary to ensure it.

Causes of war to beyond Hitlerism, although that is the Immediate menace.

There will be no real peace in the world until those principles of International equity, of common opportunity and of social justice which Labour has so long urged

established.

are

Out of the tragedy of war we HAVO

to create the opportunity for

a new world to come to life..

To make peace on Flitler's terms would be to throw away that.

· opportunity and to be bomused byz the word peace into acquiescing in. an uneasy truco before a now war;