1939-11-02 — Page 14

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November 2, 1939.

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"Peace" Tactics

Comrades

"And whether one member suffer, all the members außer with it; or one member be honoured, all the members re- joice with it.”—I. CORINTHIANS, xil, 26...

THE Rev. Pat McCormick, vicar of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, stood in the lofty pulpit of his church and Molo-spoke of Fellowship.

AGGRESSION, Monsieur toff would have us believe, is no longer aggression once the deed in accomplished.

"In the last war,"

he said, "we knew the great value of the fellow- ship which was learned in the trenches. We realised that comrade- ship which overcame all ranks. And we must do so again, for the sake of our country and the cause for which we are fighting."

How the

convoy system operates

BY COMMANDER H. PURSEY

T

Germany and Russia having "ennobled" the Polish people, want nothing better than to be left alone with their spolls, and anyone who disturbs them or threatens to wrest back from them the fruits of their aggression him- golf becomes the aggressor and the aggressor becomes the victim. It is one of the most fantastic arguments over perpetrated by a responsible head of Government. Even IIItler himself could hardly be guilty of such fatuousness.

M. Molotoff is not the world's most convincing advocate of Herr In every other pew were serving U-boat campaign-is to make tho of her "assassins of officers and men of all ranks-com- kreates, while they have the Hitler. Hia nless to-day must munters of the Royal Navy, majors the se strike, chords of remembrance of the General Staff, squadron len-, opportunity.

ders of the Royal Air Force, ratings,! aircraftmen, other ranks.

The vicar of St. Martin wax u chaplain in South Africa and in the inst war. He was decorated with

[HE introduction, within the Distinguished Service Order for

a few days of the out- gallantry, and that Sunday morning

break of war, of the he wore two rows of medals, testify-

old-Ume convoy system ing to his lung and vorled services for the protection of our mer- with the Forces of the Crown,

chant shipping in a great He addressed a huge congregation which occupled every sent in the advance on the tardy steps brend nave of this famous church. taken in th Great War, when the church which may well be said it was not adopted until after to be the parish church of London's nearly three years of hostilities. West End. It was congregations | Germany's present plan, as was which was different from the ordin- to be expected-with a fect greatly ary assembly of people which in days inferior to our own and the num- of peace meet below the blue and ser of her submarines considerably gold decorated ceiling for Sunday morning prayer.

less than at the height of the 1917

war

the passionate Soviet advocacy of against Italy when the Ethiopian adventure was launch- ed; the invitation to France and Britain to join Russia in march- Ing Into Czecho-Slovakia when that country was dismembered,

When the war broke out Put Me Cormick was recovering from 11 severe illness which had kept him in hospital for months. But to-day he Is buck in his pulpit, currying on the traditions of the noble Dick Shep- purd in endeavouring to bring back the humanity of Christianity to those who pass by.

He selected as his theme the uni- versality of religion in times of dis- tress as expressed by St. Paul.

"I would like impress on you," be continued, "the necessity of work ing together at this time. We must work together as a Church and as a nation, for we are members of one

another.

Certain losses on our side are Inevitable, but some of our recent casualties have been ships unabic to reach a friendly port in time,

I

N the last war, for vari- ous reasons, the convoy system was not started

unul after Germany's unrestricted sub- maring campaign had begun and, in- deed, was not in full operation until some months afterwards.

This campaign began in February, 1917, when Germany announced thất all ships, of whatever nationality, ap- proaching the British Isles would be

able to attack without warning.

In the following April, the worst month, 430 ships of 833,000 tons wero aunk. This was at a greater rate than they could be replaced; while, on the

other hand, U-boats were being com-

plated faster than we were destroying them.

The German success made it man!- fest that unless something was done, and quickly, to reduce considerably our losses the end of the war in the near future could be predicted with arith- metical precision.

Germany had based her prospects of winning the war on such calculations, but, ne with many others of her plans, they were completely upset by the adoption of new measures,

P

a

RACTICE of conveying merchant shipping In times of war WAS well-established one even in the days of sailing ships, but there were various technical objections to its being adopted in the first two and a half years of the Great War, Among them were unavoidable delay in bolding up ships awaiting Conroy, and the fact that it could only proceed at the speed of the slowest ship; the vast number of ships to be dealt with, and the smati, number of nayal vessels avaliable; the larger size of target later found to be no dis advantago—and the difficulties of station-keeping with untrained officers

Most of these objections proved themselves to be possible of solution. * Delays could be reduced by organisa- tion, and stauon-keeping Improved with training.

Experimentat convoys were run from North America and Gibraltar with complete success, and the system was extended to the Mediterranean, North sea and elsewhere, until practically all our shipping was protected in this manner.

In fact, M. Molotoff is crying peace where there is no peace, but rather diplomacy. He seems willing to appear so naive on to misunderstand, the position of Britain and France in the tragedy the Third Reich's invasion of Poland set in motion. Because

"There are different forms of Poland has been shattered under fellowship. There is nothing like a the hammer blows of an oligarchy time such as this which can help us in Berlin, Molotoff seen nothing necessity of putting persound differ-

learn more deeply and quickly the GRIN AND BEAR IT

left for the Allies to fight for, ences on one alde. He overlooks the fact that the Allies' pledges to Poland were symbols of a determination to stand against that evil which the

"We have all to make sacrifices all round, no matter what our station. But in that sucrifice remember it in part of the Divine economy that remmon suffering should not be destruction of Poland also sym- divorced from common refolding.

bolises.

"For in the darkest hour there is always something to rejoice over. Intentionally or otherwise, | The act of heroic suffering en the Russia la doing Reichsfuhrer one part may be cause for rejoicing on the other. For in this we are all Hitler one moro favour by thus members of one cause. stacking the diplomatic carda to mako a deal in Herr Hitler's favour more moral. For it is not peace M. Molotoft asks for. It is a surrender which could be and probably would be exploited by the Totalitarian Powers of which Russia is one-as previous diplomatic surrenders and con- cesstona have been.

"In the days to come do not look on the bad things, but remember the many splendid things which are hap- pening around you. Think of the roble sacrifice made by many as part of the day's work. Why only this week there was cause for great re- joleing amid all the present suffering at the simple, matter-of-fact way in which seaplanes picked up survivora of a ship sunk at sea. There was no parade of heroics, although there was great heroism. Keep such things in your minds and it will aid you in taking your part in the fellowship of

the Church and the nation:

"Thank God for what your fellow men are doing for what you can do yourself in the common cause."

M. Moloto's judgment that the Allica havo compromised their moral position by continuing the war after Poland collapsed will not be taken very seriously any- whore in the world, coming as it doos from the Foreign Minister of the Soviet, appears less an offen- government which has compro-sive for peace than an offensive mised ita Ideology and its pre- by "poaco". The cry of peace in vious assertations of peace-loving- now just another weapon in the noss by its pre-war deal with arsenal of dictatorial diplomacy. Hitler.

When real penco is intended the The second round in the "pesca' peoples of the world will soo that offensive", launched this time by their leaders hoed its spokesmen.

71

The practice was, and is, for ships to

By Lichty

BEAUTY SALON

Pierre

!!Pierre tries the most daring experiments--to-day he used just (plała" soap and water on me!"-

assemble at certain ports of departure. The mastera ate then informed of the procedure at sea, emphasis being laid on the importance ai correct station- keeping. darkening ship, zig-zagging. and the action to be taken to the event of submarine attack.

The formation depends on the num- ber of ships, their pisitions in columns, and the distance apart of both ships and columns, being arranged 'to pre- sent the smallest target to a sub- marine and to develop the maximum defensiva gunfire,

The naval ocean escort, consisting of cruisers, armed merchant cruizers. excort vesaris or destroyers, is stationed around the convoy to ward off any at- tack.

For further security the whole con- voy ateera zig-zag courses according to prearranged plan, which makes IL much more difficult for a submarine to make ʼn accesatul torpedo attack.

Among the advantages of convoy is. the fact that submarine has only one opportunity of attacking ships on masse. instend of striking at each ver sel separately, and the escort slips prevent this attack being made from a favourable position,

The sinking of merchant ships by guafire,from à subaurine..or_by_scuti.. ling, frequent occurrences in the early part of the last war, in also stopped.

In the event of a torpedo attnek. whether the submarine, or only the path of the torpedo in sighted, her position is knowti and she is instantly: hunted down.

D

URING the last war I served in A destroyer cmployed on such con- roy work on the Einst Coast, and a sue. cessful submarine hunt is vividly recalled.

In July, 1818, a convoy was attacked of Whitby by U.E. 110. À motor launchi sighted thd periscope and imme- diately dropped a couple of depti charges. Another mator launch rushed in and also dropped her.“ eggs."

The U-boat's captain ordered * crash dire." but it was too late. The explosions jambed her hydroplanes to ́"rise," and brought the submarino to-

the surface.

H.M. destroyer Garry rushed in at high speed and rammed the submarino twice, causing her to capsize and sink. Thirteen of her crew of 30 were saved. This U-boat was salved and taken into Jarrow deel

O

NCE conroy

πουπ

established, the

system proved A triumphant success. From May, 1917, until the end of the war, 18,530 ships-or over 99 per cent. of the total-were safely escorted.

In the same 10 months only 107 ves-- sels were torpedoed while in convoy-a number jess than a quarter of that for April, 1917.

At present we baye several advan- tages na compared with any period of the Great War. Germany bua Jess than half the number of submarines she had in 1917, and of. this number, about sixty, 25 are of a small type. which will probably restrict them to the North Sea.

On the other hand, as is well known, our anti-submarine devices and des struction measures have made' great progress in the last 20 years. Kñemy submarines have no defence against. our depth-charges or our secret deteo- tion apparatus,

For over · two · years Mercantile Marino oficers have been receiving. special courses of instruction in the- defence measures to be taken in every. possible emergency, This year - crews- have been trained to Oght their defm- sive gura.

“Though Germany may carry out a polley of frightfulness, by sinking ships without warning, this policy la doomed to failure from the start.

Both the Navy and, the Merchant' Berrien have the greatest faith in the organisation "and" success of the `oon- woy system, and, with the gallantry, and devotion to duty of the offers and men, the almost immediate defent of the prosent mestáće st sen, is Kasured)