1939-09-28 — Page 4

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Thursday,

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

September 28, 1939.

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How The

Baltic

States

Stand

THE

-

other falands in the Gulf are also fortifed, notably Svenborg, "Key to Helsingfors", where the old Russian fortifications are extremely massive and strong.

Opposite Makeliot, On

the Estonian side, are complemen- tary fortifications on the lalands of Aegna and Margo, between which the shipping channel passes to Tallinn.

Aircraft aro Torbidden to fly over these islands, but I under- stand from enquiries on the spot that both of these Islands have

HE BALTIC STATES also 12" guns mounted and that with the fortifications on the Finnish side they could effective.

are jittery.

There have been all

sorts of rumours this week

of impending Soviet mili-

"10"tary action, of ultimatums

HONGKONG HOTEL GARAGE

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'Phone 26615 September 28, 1939

Threat To Rumania

Till Russian threat to Rumunia is of more ennsequence 10 the Allies than the possibility of an in- vasion nf Estonia ur ny other Ballle State. Rumanin is one of the four countries whose territorial in-

by

and demands, an def con- H. GREGSON

centrations of troops..

Russia has long had her eyes on the small Baltic States.

Not that they are rich, or that they themselves constitute u threat to Bolshevism.

But, to Russia, they are of the greatest strategic importance. Russia's frontiers are vulnerable mainly from this quarter.

ly close the entrance to the Gulf of Finland for any aggressor,

Until the Aland Islands are put in a state of defence where they could resist capture by a major Power, it is perhaps over optimistic to talk of Finland's That is why, in the negotia-power to resist an expedition tions with Britain before the penetrating the Gulf of Bothnia, signing of the Russo-German Finland, however, relies above Non-Aggression Pact, Russinal on her miles of marsh and forest, which would render ad- sought British guarantees for the Baltic States.

vance by mechanised force im- Russia fears that Germany possible at most seasons and on might one day use the territory

the excellent fighting qualities of Finland, Estonia or Latvia as of her troops, who have been a base of operations against called, owing to their stubborn- ness, the "Serbs of the North".

Her armed forces have al of the Gulf of Finland, is in a peace time strength of 32,000 but these position to render the passage of officers and nien, the Russian Fleet into the Baltic could be considerably increased in time of war and there are in very precarious. It is not more addition 160,000 men And than one hour's steaming from one side of the Gulf to the women enrolled in the so-called

Civil Guards.

her.

Finland, through her control

other.

Russia's vital single track! railway from Leningrad to her ESTONIA and Latvia are less only permanently ice-free port, Finland, as regards natural and fortunately placed than tegrity was guaranteed by Britain Murmansk, runs almost parallel other defences, to resist an ng-

and France.

The background for the somewhat critical events that are now occurring in and around Rumania is mainly

"Greater Rumala", as

that country's phenomenal aggrandi- sement. emerged from the Great War and the Versailles Peace Treaty, is more than twice as large and populous as the Rumania of early 1914, and the problems that are confronting it to-day are commensurate with its rank us

of the middle-sizevi states of Europe and its very strategic position on the checker- board of European diplomacy.

une

4-2

"What's this I hear about you offering to give that blonde across the hall a screon test?”

AN UNRECORDED INCIDENT OF THE GREAT WAR

L

AST-WEEK you road in the “Telograph" how a Grimsby

trawler rammed and sank a U-Boat,

Here is an episode of the last war, in which a small trawler played a heroic rolo. If the submarine did escape on that occasion, it was certainly not the fault of Skipper Wright and his gallant crew!

By G. F. GILBERT-

with the Russo-Finnish frontier. The White Sea Canal,

gressor. which would enable Russia in time of in the field and has an air force Estonia could put 90,000 men

NOT

JOT ALL the heroic deeds and try to escape while the go- need to transfer her Flect from of some 70 planes. Latvia has fishermen during encoun-

performed by British ing was good. But did they? the Baltic to the North Sen. via about 26,000 officers and men, aters with enemy submarines the White Sea, is within easy smail Fleet, and trained volun-in the Great War have reach of 'planes operating from teers which would bring her Finland.

100,000.

Further, seizure of the Aland effective fighting forces up to found their way into the Islands by a Power hostile to

official histories of that con- Russia would not only enable have a military alliance, and the

Estonia and Latvia, however, flict. the Russian Fleet to be bottled Estonian Commander, General

Such a one am now going to up in its harbours but would en-Laidoner, is one of the greatest relate or rather I will allow the able the use of the Great Arctic military leaders of Europe.

chief actor in that dramatic Highway, an excellent motor; road, running from Tornen in defence works along their fron-place in the latter part of 1917, Both countries have extensive episode of the sea, which took the north of the Gulf of tiers with Russia, and their ter- existed for the past twenty years the Bathnin to Petsamo, near Mur-ritory, although flat, is densely of mine could describe the scene to speak for himself. No words problem of assimilation of non-mansk, for military operations forested in parts, and admirably as well as he does---

against this vital Soviet Naval suited to cavalry, which is a populations. Rumanjun

As a natural corollary to its tre- mendously mereused size, there has

WOR

Base,

*

specialised branch of armies.

both

The very modesty with which he relates his experiences im- mediately stamps his story with

authenticity.

I ran down and ordered our foreail down and topsail down to make him think we were getting. out our boat, te - choped our warp with búays on it and a light in the den.

What about that for a quick thought-out stratagem! The akipper had evidently kept his wits.

I then up black pennent and up While Ensign. (He had not forgotten the rules of war.) When our Ensign got clear of our miten our first ahot` was gone, just as our gunner had the second shot-ready, he fired "one shot it went between our main Sail and mizen mast.

SKIPPER WRIGHT, probably

Rupanjan territorial expansion' was effected at the expense of enemy 'countries-r An aggressor, seeking to use Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria-and Finnish territory as a base for of a former ally, Russlu, from which operations against Russia, would broad-shouldered Estonian and Lat- Nobody who has seen the sturdy,

for the first time in his life It took Bessarabia. Hence, Rumania doubtless seize the Aland Islands viu. soldiers, looking very business- to-day is seriously concerned with as a first objective, and the non- doubt their fighting qualities, Num- hike in their khaki uniforms can

Had the letter. I quote been under fire, was not ashamed to maintaining the status quo. The fortification of those islands by bers ore in this respect perhaps nu

written by a man of education admit that he had the "wind dispute with Russia and the tension Finland renders them an

or carefully prepared before-up." but, in spite of this, he easy guide because in their fight for In- that has arisen along the Dniester

hand, there might have been a finds time for a few words of prey.

dependence the Estonians and Lat- Haver is over the annexation of Bes-

reassurance to his gunner, ask- viams

doubt that the facts, if not un- fought three armies at the sarabia. Rumania secured

Ing him to "take it cool and true, had been exaggerated. same time-the Germans under von inter- national recognition of the annexp-

FINNISH generals with whom ter Goltz, the Baltic German land- As it is, the simple phrases, steady." Nor does he forget to

1 have spoken consider the owner movement and the Bulshe tion from the Allied Powers in

the frequent mis-spellings and manoeuvre his ship into a posi- October, 1920-but the Soviets, from

Aland Islands in their present viks. They emerged victorious, in

the occasional defects in gram- tion offering as small a target which the territory

defenceless state to be the lie of numerous losses.

The Latvians in pre-war days tuken.

mar all go to shew that the to the enemy as possible. weakest point in Finland's were especially sought after as re- bave never recognised Rumanlan

author was a man of deeds ability to resist an aggressor, cruits by the old Russian Imperial sovineignty. To guarantee her posi- and it is for this reason that Army. Ilindenburg referred to the rather than words.

Latvian regiments who held him up! Finland desires so ardently their outside Riga in 1916-17 as the fortification.

"bright stars of the Russlion forces", no reason to believe Paradoxically enough, it is and there is Russia who objects to the fort that their morale is worse.

On the conteury, the fication of these Islands. The promised to the Latvian and Estoni- price reasons which lead Russia, to an soldiers for their sacrifices in the prefer islands vital to Finnish case of independence was the ind integrity to remain defenceless femerly held by the German Daltie

landowners. They are known only to students of pendance and the land, and to-day Kremlin inner circles. Finland both countries are nations of sturdy cannot understand Russia's 'ut-smallholders who know the value of titude, suspects her motives and, what they have and are prepared to it is considered in competent

night to keep it. cireles in Helsingfors, will soon fortify Aland, with or without Russian permission.

tion, unania endeavoured to esta- blish

anti-Soviet block: she formed a Polish-Rumanian alliance of mutual assistance and received gunratices from Britain and France that they would come to her ass- lunce should her territorial integrity be violated. The pact with Poland to dead-killed, in fact, by tumanla herself, for Poland needed assistance before Rumania. The guarantees from Britain and France are almost dead, for any assistance they could render Rumjanta la the event of aggression would be contingent upon Turkish co-operation in the

RS

Black Sen.

Russia is not the only neighbour who is striking matches around the powder barrel of minorities, upon which Rumania sits. Hungary is implacably hostile, and wi remain

The letter came into my pos- session during the time I was erving in the Convoy Section (which worked in close conjunc- Division) at the Admiralty. tion with. the Anti-Subronrine

The idea of a small fishing boat daring to attack a sub- obtained inde-marine filled me with such ad- miration that I made a copy of the letter which I have kept to this day.

镡

ASKED the Foreign Ministers in Finland, Estonia and Latvia the direct question:, "Can you resist powerful aggressor?"

t

M. Erkke, the Finnish, Foreign CONTROL of the Aland Islands Minister, replied with assurance: hy a Power hostile to "We are quite capable of looking Russia does not necessarily after ourselves."

M. Selter, the Estonian Foreign mean control of Finland, al-Minister, was more circumspect, as

I thought our time had come, his letter continued, avid to Inter now take it rovi and steady and get your mark ` home he fired our second what and it went strait over his deck, we saw a cloud of black smoke come from his Deck. I then told · the mate (Tom Bowles) to keep our ship end on to him so he could not have such a good tar- get at us as zoo were broad side on to him when he fire, I then ran down the hold to get some. more ammunition but while I was there he turned with his head to the casted.

Much to their disappointment

THE writer's name was C. B. Wright. He was a Skipper (R.N.R.) and lived at 18, Proa-the U-Bout, probably disdaining pect Road, Brixham.

to waste time fighting so small The Admiralty had mounted a craft, went away.

a small gun in his boat-prob-

ably a three-pounder-und had given him a uniform and por-

so until her incessant demands for though some of Finland's most his country's more exposed position mission to fly the White Ensign, revision of territory, are met. There'important railways, from Hel-must lead him to be, but his reply He must have been a proud i are 1,400,000 Magyars in Rumaniasingfors to Abo and Nystad left no doubt in my mind tint the man!

a minority almost as vociferous as

the smaller Nazi party. In the south, Rumania Jeniously

guards Dobrujn, which faces on the Black

would be within artillery range ounce of their strength into restating Estonions are prepared to put every

of the Islands.

nggression from whatever source. Finland relics above all for The same may be said of Lalvia. her coastal defence on the im-lo mobility rather than in permanent Estonia and Latvia put their faith mense fortifications constructed fortifications for effective resistance. borders. Bulgaria is not so power- by the Russians in pre-War Summing up, one may say that I

Sea, and which Bulgaria would like to see re-incorporated within ita

nggressor to use a hostile Finland as

ful or insistent upon treaty revision | years--fortifications which it would be the height of folly for an as Hungary; nevertheless, there is would be beyond the power of n base for operations against Rusula. overy prospect that Bulgaria will Finland's purse force the issue It she believes that Rumania's hands Bre tied in the herself.

north.

to construct The terrain is admirably suited to guerilla (acties, even supposing the The situation in the eastern Bal-island of Makellot west of many spheres with Sweden, that un The chief of these are on the coastal defences were overcome, and Finland is in such elose contact in kans is complex and by no means Helsingfors, from. which reassuring. Rumania is in much the

12 aggressor would possibly

risk the same unhappy position an was guns control the narrowest antagonism of Sweden as well. Czecho-Slovakia just before the Nazi point of

Estonia ant Latvia are not no fa- invasion Inst year. If Rusala seizes land opposite

the Gulf of Fin-

the Bessarabla,the other wolves will

vourably placed geographically as Estonian infant but their combined armies, assuredly join in the acromble.

capital of Tallinn. Numerous

PLEASE Turn To Page 3,

His letter began:

I suppose by this time you have heared toe have been in action with a sub, wo were flak- ing about fifteen miles W. by N. of Berry Head we were to wind- el of the fleet, about ton past four the mate saw a sub coming toward us with his head in the N.N.W. I went up the riggen with the glasses I saw what it. was I could acc his gun and conning tower,

The gumer called me up he Auid Skippper he is going awy. from us I said give him another the mate hard to port and brought our ship too and tho gunner fred but he was out of range, so we chased him . (what chock!) till ka was out of sight if I had only knowed we had damaged him I would fired all shots we had on Deck but you kna what it is in a time liko that me and the mato had to be all over the ship in about thren minutes we did not have time to start our other motor, if 100 could have started the other we njay have kept in range with him so we could have got three or four more Shots into him.

In the midst of peaceful fish- ing, what excitement the advent: TT WAS only then that they of a U-Boat must have caused!

began to worry about losing You would have expected them their flahing gear. to abandon their fishing gear PLEASE Turn To Pago 3.