1939-09-28 — Page 14

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September 28, 1939.

How The

Baltic

States

Stand

THE BALTIC STATES

to-day are jittery.

There have been all

VAUXHALL sorts of rumours this week

of impending. Soviet mili-

other islands in the Gulf are also · fortified, notably Svenborg. "Koy to Helsingfors", where the old Russian fortifications are extremely massive and strong.

the Opposite Makeliot, on Estonian aide, are complemen- tary fortifications on the Islands of Aegna and Margo, between which the shipping channel passes to Tallinn.

Aircraft are forbidden to fly over these islands, but I under- stand from enquiries on the spot that both of these islands have also 12" guns mounted and that

with the fortifications on the | Finnish alde they could effective-

"10"tary action, of ultimatums

and demands, an dof con- H. centrations of troops.'

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Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 September 28, 1939

Threat To Rumania THE Russian threat to Rumania is

of norc consequence to the Allies than the possibility of an in- vasion of Estonia от any other

Russia has long had her eyes on the small Baltic States.

Not that they are rich, or that they themselves constitute a threat to Bolshevism.

But, to Russia, they are of the greatest strategie importance. Russia's frontiers are vulnerable mainly from this quarter.

by GREGSON

close the entrance to the Gulf. of Finland for any aggressor.

Until the Aland Islands are

put in a state of defence where they could resist capture by a perhaps over major Power, it

optimistic to talk of Finland's power to resist an expedition Penetrating the Gulf of Bothnia.

That is why, in the negotia- tions with Britain before the signing of the Russo-German all on her miles of marsh and Finland, however, relies above Non-Aggression Pact, Russia

forest, which would render, ad- Bought British guarantees for

vance by mechanised force im- the Baltic States.

possible at most acasons and on Russia fears that Germany the excellent fighting qualities might one day use the territory of her troops, who have been of Finland, Estonia or Latvia as called, owing to their stubborn- a base of operations against ness, the "Serbs of the North".

her.

Her armed forces have a Finland, through her control peace time strength of 32,000 of the Gulf of Finland, is in a officers and men, but these position to render the passage of could be considerably herensed the Russian Fleet into the Baltic in time of war and there are in very precarious. It is not more

addition 160,000

and than one hour's steaming from one side of the Gulf to the women enrolled in the so-called

Civil Guards. other.

Russia's vital single track

Battle State. Rumania is one of the railway from Leningrad to her four countries whose territorial In-only permanently ice-free port, tegrity was guaranteed by Britain Murmansk, runs almost parallel

and France.

The background for the somewhat critical events that are now occurring 18 and around Rumania is mainly that country's phenomenal aggrand- sement. "Greater Rumania", as it emerged from the Great War and the Versailles Peace Treaty, is more than twice as large and populous ca the Rumania of early 1914, and the

problems that are confronting it to-day are commensurate with its

US

As a natural corollary to its fre-

*

•

incn

ESTONIA and Latvia are less fortunately placed than Finland, as regards natural and other defences, to resist an ag

gressor,

GRIN AND

BEAR IT

By Lichty

"What's this I hear about you offering to give that blondo across the hall a screen test?”

100

AN UNRECORDED INCIDENT OF

THE GREAT WAR

AST WEEK you read in the "Telegraph" how a Grimsby

trawlor rammed and sank a U-Boat. Here is an opizado of the last war, in which a small If the submarino did escape trawler played a heroic role. on that occasion, it was cortainly not the fault of Skipper Wright and his gallant crow!

NOT

By G. F. GILBERT-

TOT ALL the heroic deeds and try to escape while the go-

fishermen during encoun

performed by British ing was good. But did they?

in the Great War have ters with enemy submarines

found their way into the official histories of that con-

with the Russo-Finnish frontier. The White Sea Canal, which

Estonia could put 90,000 men would enable Russla in time of in the field and has an air force need to transfer her Fleet from of some 70 'planes. Latvia has the Baltic to the North Sea, via about 26,000 officers and men, a the White Sea, is within easy small Fleet, and trained volun reach of 'planes operating from teers which would bring her Finland.

Further, seizure of the Aland 100,000.

effective fighting forces up to Islands by a Power hostile to Estonia and Latvia, however,flict. Russia would not only enable have a military alliance, and the

chief actor in that dramatic

rank One of the middle-sized the Russian Fleet to be bottled Estonian Commander, General Such a one I am now going to states of Europe and its very up in its harbours but would en-Laidoner, is one of the greatest relate or rather I will allow the

the checker-able the use of the Great Arctic military leaders of Europe. strategic position on board of European diplomacy.

Highway, an excellent motor Both countries have extensive episode of the sea, which took road, running from Tornea in defence works along their fron-place in the latter part of 1917, the north of the Gulf

of tlers with Russia, and their ter- to speak for himself. No words Bothnia to Petsamo, near Mur- ritory, although flat, is densely of mine could describe the scene mansk, for military operations forested in parts, and admirably as well as he does, against this vital Soviet Naval suited to cavalry, which is a specialised branch of both armies.

problem of assimilation of non-

mendously increased size, there has existed for the past twenty years the Rumanian populations. Rumanian territorial expansion was effected at | Base. the expense of enemy countries An aggressor, seeking to use Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria--and Finnish territory as a base for of a former ally, Russin, from which operations against Russia, would It took Bessarabia. Hence, Rumania; doubtless seize the Aland Islands to-day is seriously concerned with

as a first objective, and the non- maintaining the status quo, The fortification of those islands by dispute with Russia and the tension Finland renders them an easy that has arisen along the, Dalester prey.. River is over the annexation of Bes- sabla. Rumania secured

vians fought three armies at the

he relates-his-experiences-im- The very modesty with which mediately stamps his story with authenticity.

•

I ran down and ordered Dir forsail down and topsail down to make him think we wore getting out our boat, we choped pur warp with buoys on it and a light in the den

What about that for a quick thought-out stratagem! The skipper had evidently kept his wits.

I then up black pennent and up White Ensign. (He had not forgotten the rules of war.) When our Ensign got clear of our mizen our first shot was gone, just our panner had the accond shot ready, he fired one shot it went between our main Sail and mizen maat.

SKIPPER WRIGHT, probably.

for the first time in his life

Nobody who has seen the sturdy, broad-shouldered Estonian and Lot vini. soldiers, locking very business- like in their khaki uniforms can

Had the letter I quote been under fire, was not ashamed to dubt their lighting qualities. Num- written by a man of education admit that he had the "wind bers are in thus respect perhaps no

or carefully prepared before-up" but, in spite of this, he guide because in thele fight for in-hand, there might have been a finds time for a few words of dependence the Estonians and Lat- doubt that the facts, if not uning him to "take it cool and reassurance to his gunner, ask- same time-the Germans under von true, had been exaggerated. inter-FINNISH generals with whom der Geliz, the Ballic German land- As it is, the simple phrases, steady." Nor does he forget to national recognition of the annexa- | L I have spoken consider the owner movement and the Bolshe- tlon from the Allied Powers In Aland Islands in their present vis. They emerged victorious, in

the frequent mis-spellings and manoeuvre his ship into a post- the occasional defects in gram- tion offering as small a target defenceless. state

The Laivians In pre-war days mar all go to shew that the to the enemy as possible, weakest point in Finland's were especially sought after as re: author was # man of deeds ability to reaist an aggressor, cults by the old Russian Imperiul and it is for this reason that Army. Hindenburg referred to the rather than words,

Latvian regiments who held him up Finland desires so ardently their outside Riga in 1010-17 03 the "bright stars of the Russian forces" fortification..

Paradoxically enough, it is and there is

October, 1020-but the Soviets, from which the territory was taken,

juve never recognised Rumanian sovereignty. To guarantee her post-

tion, Rumania endeavoured to esta- lilsi ប null-Sovjet block; abc formed a Polish-Rumanian allianca of mutuni assistance and received Ruarantees from Britain and France that they would come to her assis- tance should her territorial integrity be violated.. The pact with Poland is dead-killed, in fact, by Rumania herself, for Faland neexied assistance before Rumania, The guarantees from Britain and France are almost 1 dead, for any assistance they could render Rumania in the event of aggression would be contingent upon Turkish co-operation in the

Black Sea,

Russia is not the only neighbour who is striking matches around this powder barrel of minorities upon which Rumania sits. Hungary Is implacably hostle, and will remain

are 1,400,000 Magyars in Humania;

a minority almost as vociferous

DA

the smaller Nazi party. In the south, Bumania Jealously guards

Dobruja, which faces on the Black

Sca, and which Bulgaria would like

to

be the

spite of numerous losses,

no reason to belleve

Russia who objects to the forti- that their morale is worse.

Ол the contrary, the

price

The letter came into my pos- session during the time I was serving in the Convoy Section (which worked in close conjunc- tion with the Anti-Submarine Division) at the Admiralty,

fleation of these Islands. The promised to the Latvian and Eastoni- reasons which lead Russia to an soldiers for their sacrifices in the

The idea of a small fishing prefer islands vital to Finnish case of Independance was the land integrity to remain defenceless formerly held by the German Baltic boat daring to attack a sub- landowners. They obtained inde-marine filled me with such ad- are known only to students of pendance and the land, and to-day miration that I made a copy of Kremlin inner circles. Finland both countries are notions of sturdy

the letter which I have kept to cannot understand Russia's at-smallholders who know the value of

this day. titude, suspects her motives and, what they have and are prepared to

fight to keep it. it is considered in compotent circles in Helsingfors, will soon

ASKED the Foreign Ministers in fortify Aland, with or without direct question: "Can you resist a Finland, Estonia and Latvia the Russian permission.

powerful aggressur?"

I thought our time had come, · his letter continued, I said to our gunner now take it cool and steady ant get your mark home he fired our second shot and it went strait over his deck, ive saw a cloud of black smoke come from his Deek. I then told the mate (Tom Bowles) to keep our ship end on to him so he could not have auch a good tar. get at us as ave were broad side on to him when he fire. I then ran down the held to get some more ammunition but while f was there he turned with his head to the easted.

THE writer's name was C. B.

Much to their disappointment Wright. He was a Skipper the U-Boat, probably disdaining (R.N.R.) and lived at 18, Prosto waste time fighting so small pect Road, Brixham,

craft, went away.

The Admiralty had mounted

M. Erkke, the Finnish Foreign CONTROL of the Aland Islands Minister, replied

with asaurance: by & Russia does not

Power hostile to "We are qulie enable of looking a small gun in his boat--prob

after ourselves."

ably a three-pounder-and had necessarily

M. Selter, the Estonian Foreign given him a uniform and per- mean control of Finland, al-Minister, was more circumspect, as

Summing up, one may say that b

His letter began:

I suppose by this time you have keared 100 have been in action with a sub, we were fish- ing about fifteen miles W. bị N. of Berry Head we were to wind- ed of the fleet, about ten past four the male saw a sub coming toward with his head in the N.N.W. I went up the riggen with the glasses I saw. what it was I could see hin gun, and conning tower.

so until her incessant demands for though some" of Finland's most (his country's more exposed position mission to fly the White Ensign. revision of territory are met. There important railways, from Hel-must lead him to be, but his reply He must have been a proud

singfors to Abo and Nystadeft no doubt in my mind that the man!

Estonians are prepared to put every would be within artillery range ounce of their strength into resisting | nagression · from whofover sourcO, of the Islands.

Finland relics above all for The same may be sald of Latvia,

Estonia and Latvia put their faith her coastal defence on the Im in mobility rather than in permanent เบ see re-incorporated within la mense fortifications constructed fortifications for effective resistance. borders. Bulgaria is not so power by the Russians in, pre-War fut or insistent upon treaty revision years,-fortifications which it would be the height of folly for an as Hungary; nevertheless, there is would be beyond the power of a base for operations against Russia. aggressor to use a hostile Finland as every prospect that Bulgaria will Finland's purse to construct The terrain is admirably suited to force the issue if she believes that

guerilla tactics, even supposing the Rumania's hands are tled in the herself. north.

The chief of these are on the coastal defences were overcome, and Finland is in such close, contact In The situation in the eastern Bal island of Makellot west of many spheres with Sweden, that an kans is complex and by no means Helsingfors, from which 12" segressor reassuring, Humania is in much the

would possibly rlak the same unhappy position DA зуда guna control the narrowest antagonism of Sweden as well. Czecho-Slovakia Just before the Nazi point of the Gulf of Fin-vourably placed geographically as

Estonia-ant Latvia are not so fa Invasion inst year. If Russia seizes fand opposite the Estonian Bessarabia, the other wolves will

Finland, but their combined armies, assuredly. Join in the scramble, capital of Tallinn. Numerous PLEASE Turn To Pago 3.

!

a

The gunner called me up ho "said Skippper he is going away from us I said give him another the mate hard to port and brought our ship too and the gunner fired but he was out of rango so. 100 chaned him (what check!) till hawas put of sight if I had only knowed we had damaged him I would fired all

· shots we had on Deck but you know what it is in a time like that me and the mate had to bo all over the ship in about three minutos we did not have time to start our other, motor, if we could have started the other wa may have kept in, range with him so we could have got three. or four more Shots into him.

•

In the midst of peacoful fish- ing, what excitement the advent TT WAS only then that they You would have expected thom their fishing gear. of a U-Boat must have caused! began to worry about, losing

to abandon their fishing gear i PLEASE Turn To Page 3.