1939-09-22 — Page 14

Friday,..

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH

September 22, 1939.

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Hongkong Telegraph.

Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 September 22, 1939

AGGRESSION...

What U.S.S.R. has said

ULY 30, 1939. "Izvestia," organ of the Soviet Gov-

ernment, says, "The Bol-- sheviks in 1914 to 1918 were

not pacifists and all the more are not to-day. They stand for the creation of a general Peace Front capable of halting the further development of Fascist Peace Front aggression founded on full reelprocity, full equality of rights, and an honest sincerity and resoluté repudia- tion of the disastrous policy of 'non-intervention.'

"The second imperialist war has already begun. The whole world knows Germany to be the aggressor."

wish to set up

aggression and are fighting for their Independence."

*

HERE are recent MAY 31, 1930. Molotov, Russlan

statements

on MPrime Minister and Foreign

ment, "Our task is to check the further development of aggression and to this end to establish a reliable

leaders Or aggression made by Secretary, says in the Soviet Parlia Soviet printed in the official

and effective defensive front of the non-aggressive Powers." Russian press.

no responsibility for Munich,"

·

UGUST 20, 1936. "Izvestia" says, "Britain is to be blamed for "Izvcatio" sncficing Czech interests to her own EBRUARY 24, 1030

schemes for reaching an agreement says, "A Soviet war for the de-

unconditional guarantee fence of the Socialist regime against with Germany, instead of giving an the Forcist aggressors for their com- Czech State if attacked." plete destruction is going to be the

defonu the

most just and most holy of wars." MARCH 17, 1930. Litvínov, Russton Foreign Secretary, says, "Every JULY 31, 1939, "Pravdu," argan of Stale signing a pact of non-aggression the Russian Communist Party with Germany is Immobilized by her says: "The Soviet nation hates im- in case of Germany's attack on a perintist war,

third State,

"The Soviet people know that the "If there is no article releasing MAY 11, 1939, "Izvestia" says;

"If Britain and France really onslaught of the Fascist aggressors one party from the pact in the event barrier, to aggres- can only be stopped by an effective of an attack by the other party on sion in Europe, they must form a front of the peace-loving States, and a bird State, Hitler's proposed sys- united pact of mutual asalstance, if are ready to take part in the org- tem of non-aggression pacts comes possible between the four principal anisation of a genuine Pence Front. down to the principle of localising

"Only resolute and unyielding force war. Powers in Europe-Britain. France,

Hitler This proposal of Herr the U.S.S.R., and Poland-or at least can haft the march of the aggressors." the first three.

creales in my mind the impression new "An arrangement should be made. AUGUST 15, 1839, "Pravda" says: that we are dealing with a by which these three should_guar- A "The war of the Soviet Union attempt to partition Europe, into antee other Powers in Central Europe against Fascism will be the most just two parts or several parts, so that guaranteeing non-aggression which are under menace of aggres- and lawful of all the wars of hu- by sion,"

manity. The best means of defence against the one part freedom of attuck is a violent offensive for the com- action may be gained for PRIL 9, 1930. "Izvestia" saya, plete annihilation of the adversary against another part of Europe." Any system collective in his own territory, security, based on the thesis of the To anhilate the adversary means CEPTEMBER 20, 1936, Llivinov

the

says:

"There are a few countries Indivisibility of world peace, can put to annihliate Fascism, raise the aggressors in bonds,"

workers against it, and help them which are ready to seek salvation in in their war against Fascism." neutrality. If they really belleve that they themselves have only 10 1930. "Izvestia," say, chownAPRIL

Stalin In his write the word 'neutrality on their that modern warfare can reach through negotiation should be aban-

"All efforts to appease Germany MARCH 10, 1939.

speech to the Eighteenth Com- frontiers and the blaze will stop al terrifying proportions, the

War in doned, The democracles should again munis: Party Congress sald, Tha these frontiers, if they have forgotten the fresh lessons of history. It is which we are now engaged may yet adopt a policy of resisting aggression policy of non-intervention equad

their business. prove the safest, wor in history. - and of collective security. In this to connivance at aggression.

case they can count on the full sup- "We stand for rendering support port of the only country which bears to nations which have fallen prey to

Safety in Warfare

LTHOUGH Poland hog

As weapons have improved they have, like warfure itself, become less deadly. This seeming paradox 13 due to the fact that goldle's hide from weapons they cannot face with- aut dying. The hero who cautioned his men not to fire until "you can see the whites of their eyes" killed more Infantrymen with ten bullets tiran a thousand rounds from the conions of the Maginot or Siegfried lines will claim. During the Great Wur, 28,000. rifle and machine-gun bullets were fired for each soldier killed. In the Franco-German Wor of 1870, eighty rounds of artillery were required to kill a soldier. In the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5. the number of shells fired for each death from arliery had increased to 100. In the Great War it took 860 ohells-to claim-one-human-life,It is as you go back in history that casual- Les become really severe. In 216 B.C. seventy thousand Romana, out of an army of 76,000, lay dead on the floid after the battle of Cannne; one-

seventh of all Roman men of fighting age had been slain in u single day. The old warfare where men clashed In hund-to-hand combat resulted in the death of one or the other; the detested escaped only by the sperd of his legs and the strength of his lungs.

*

LORD GORT SEES THE SERGEANT'S

WORK

CERGEANT

1 Nazi infantry tried

(o

"Unfortunately even now they often put their neutrality at the service of the aggressive forces,"

SEPTEMBER 21, 1937, Litvinov

says: "How illusory are the hopes that collaboration can be successful between States which pursue differ- ent aims, which have contrary con- ceptions of International life snd the mutual rights and duties of nations. "There can, be no synthesis be-

ABC OF THE SOVIET INVASION

Q: Why has Soviet Russia

invaded Poland?

A: Because she balloves that 101,100 square miles of Poland's total of 150,413 miles Is Russian territory.

Q: What grounds has Rusaln for this belief?

A: The area was taken from· Russia a result of the Great War, Brstly, through the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and secondly by Polish conquest against the Dol- shoviks.

of

Q: Who fought the Bolsheviks? A: Morahal Pilsudski, founder modern Poland. He attacked In the spring of 1919, gained vast areas, was defeated in a counter- offenalve, counter-attacked again and fought bitterly until the Trenty of Riga was signed in March, 1921.

Q: What did Poland gain from

treaty

A: An arta of Russia contain- Ing Ave million people, of whom only 15 per cent, were Poles.

Q: How many Russians were under Polish rule last week?

A Five million Ukrainians Austro- (nome were formerly Hungarions) and 1,500,000 While Russions,

Q: Who are the White Rus- sians?

T

the A: Anciently known as Byelorusses. Nine centuries ago they submitted to Lithuanian in- fluence,

and intermingled with the Great and Little Russians and, Polcs

to some extent, with the and Lithuanians. Before the Great War the whole of White Russia belonged to Tsarist Russia, after 1021 two-thirds reverted to Poland. The Soviet regards Minsk as the capital of Walto Russia.

Q But aren't White Russiana opposed to Red Russians?

A: The modern usage "White Russian" and "Red Rus alan" is politicnt and not ethno- graphieni. A "White" Russian in the political sense luan emigre from Bolshevism, or from the moder. "Red" Russian.

of

Q: How did the emigres come to be called "White" Russians?

A: Because the Bolsheviks call- ed themselves "Red" Russians.

Q: How many political emigres left Russin after the revolution?

A: About 1,500,000. Death and naturalisation has reduced the number now to about 300,000, of whom 50,000 live in China.

climb tween aggression and non-aggression. Q:

on the turrets and spike the guns, between peace and war." they would be massacred automati-i

The whole frontier spouts death.

•

the Invasion of Austria) says: "I can say on behalf of the Soviet

cally by cross-ring machine guns. MARCH 17, 1938, Litvinov (after ANDRE MAGINOT, infantryman who gave his name. to the forts which Lord Gort is {{m} The line is considered Impregnable Government that on its part it is foot fighting at by experts. But if, through mis-ready as before to join in collective specting, lost Verdun. When the war was over he chance, any section of it fell to the petions which, decided jointly with tock up politics again.

enemy it would be blown up by at, would have the purpose of arrest- button pressed thirty miles back. ing the further development of ag Before the war he had been an

At night invisible Infra-red rays gression. Under-Secretary at the War Office,

beam is "It agrees to proceed immediately but in 1014 he refused a commission sound alarms when their

to discuss practical measures." and insisted on jolning up

a crossed by some wanderer, as private:

Gas is useless against the Muguet CEPTEMBER

1939, Litvinov

it from entering

the

The six-foot ex-sergeant became defenders. Controlled air pressure (Just before Munich) says, "It a great figure in the postwar Cham-prevents

was only two days ago that the ber, and in 1930 was appointed fortresses.

Czech Government addressed n Minister of War in Tardieu's Cabinet. Underground railways and its formal inquiry to my Government As War Minister he became the convey ammunition and food from as to whether the Soviet Union Is driving force behind the proposal for fort to fort. The men could fight prepared; in

ever eastern whole, war without establishing Frontlers the greatest series of mill- their enemy. tary fortifications the world had ever: seen.

on

France's

accordance with tho sceing Soviet-Czech pact, to render Czech- Slovakia immediate and effective ald if France, loyal to her obligations, FEW miles away is the will render similar assistance, to Siegfried Line, named which my Government gave a clear

true answer in the affirmative."

•

The Chamber and Senate passed after the Wagnerlan hero in the plan and work begon on the Nazi style. original £00,000,000 fortiscations.

The French do not think much NOVEMBER 6, 1937. "Pravda," Sergeant Maginot died in 1932,

was of the Siegfried Line compared with organ of the Russian Govern three years before his dream

their Maginot Line.

ment, says, "The Soviet Union is But the two Ines may reduce the true guardian of the freedom CORES of millions of pounds warfare on the western front to and independence of the peoples.

"It pursues a frm and consistent have been spent on the perpetual chrckmate, with both sides!

feebly. al polley to save mankind from the new Line since. Now it stretches, an hammering, ever more

war of Imperialist slaughter." Impregnable chain of massive sub-insuperable robots. terranean fortresses, heavy Kuns, machine guns, opti-tank gans-con- creted irremovably into the soil of

The civil population has fared even better in modern warfare than the Loldiers, "When the Mongols march= | completed.

ed away from the remnants of the capital," exclaims the histcaturi, "there was not a groan or a cry to be heard from the people, for all who were in that city were lying dead." The Mongol, Genghis Khan, the greatest conqueror who ever 700 years ago slaughtered

lived,

10,500,000 Chinese in twelve years of France along 600 miles from Dun- GRIN AND BEAR IT

sporadic warfare.

in the Great War, despite long- range guns, warplanes, U-Boats and poison gas, not che in 1,000 of the dead' were other

soldiers. than Wholesale destruction of the civil populations has become a matter of humunity or Inhumanity rather than of weapon5.

are

Modern warplanes, truc, are better than they were 25 years ago, but so the defences against aircraft. The greatest defence la retallation-- if Hitler bombs London, Britain is going to bomb Berlin, and there is soon going to come a time, when both Bides will cry halt to that type of insanity.

The present war is not going to be won by Goering's air force. It will be won as was the last war, and as all wars have beeft won-not by the new toys of Mars, but by the man with the knife in his hand. Call, it a bayonet and put it on the end of a gus, but is a knife, just the same as was used by the warriors of fifty centuries ago. All of man's modern weapons serve only to prom pare the way for the man with the knife, or to relard him. It is he who wins the battle, captures and holds ground,

kirk to Switzerland,

Extensions have also been con- structed along the Italian and Bel- glan frontiera.

shown Viscount Gort has been things in the Line that we do not know about. Little official informa tion is available on it for obvious reasons.

But there la quite a lot we know. The subterranean fortresses delve 325 feet down. Imagine several Gloucester Hotels Bunk below the earth.

These fortresses can hokuso thou- sands of saldiers, feed them for months, give hospital treatment.

Above them mighty guns sweep the rolling hills of Alsace Lorraine.

It is estimated that there are 14,000 muin gun positions Ja the Line.

ALL you seC OS 1 casual

wanderer-provided

you

got anywhere near at, all-are low, ugly concrete turrets, like Inverted bowls.

These have forty-inch concrete protections. Three heavy shells land- ing simultaneously on the same spot would do ng damage.

1017 cost Germany twice as many soldiers ar it cost the Allies.

Don't look for any spectacular balties in the West. Neither side, is likely to risk the price they will have to pay for that kind of victory, Look instead for n war-of-ettrition-- a long war, as our leaders perdiet in which the Nati collapto will be Brought about by economic *means.

That is, why there is already n atalemate on the Western Front. Experience in the last two years of the Great War taught that the alde that took the offensivo always lost two, three or, oven, four men against one lost by the defenders. Modern defences are too powerful. The great Allled Victories Int 1910 cast three times as many British; 'und¦| That is the kind of warfare in which French soldiers as Germans. The: the outcome is certain from thu start great German" victories (r,1010m and we cannot lase.

By Lichty

"Sybil la home from school for the summer we'rà educating

her in Europe, you kno

The Bolshevista are the modern "Red" Russinna. Who are ethnographically classi- fed as Red Russions?

A: The Russians, living in that part of Poland which the Poles received from Austria-Hungary after the Great War. Lemberg (to-day known as Lwow) is the capital of Red Russia. The Soviet will probably take this part of Poland as portion of their spoils, although Germany may lay claim to it because it was formerly Austro-Hungarian territory.

Q: Any other Polish-territory- Rusca may seizu?

A: Yes. Part of Little Russia (the Ukraine) is Pulish territory. The Vitle Itusslans occupy the steppes of southern Russia, the zouth-we slopes of the central plateau, those of the Carpathian and Lublin mountains (now occupied by Gertian troops). The area was colonised by Catherine .11.,

"You speak of Lette Russia. Is there a Great Russia?

A: Yes. Russia proper. It is known as the heart of Russia,

Q: Were the Russian lives

under Polish rulo weld treated by the Polest

A: Most authorities say no. -But Poles and Russians alike in Polish White Russia were nearly always on the verge of starvation; because it is the poorest and most desolate part of Poland.

#lan?

Aro the Ruthenians Rus-.

A: "Ruthenia" is a form of the word "Russian." Ruthenian is the another

name applied to Little Russians who were former- ly Austro-Hungarian but after the war became Czecho-Slovakian and Poles, The Ruthenians number Home three millions in Galicia, Bukovina and in the Carpathians along the edge

of Hungary. Throughout Galicia the Poles form the aristocracy. They are under an allen yoke both politically and economically in Slovakia, Rumania and Poland. Ruthenia, which was

conquest born of Hitler's Czecho-Slovakio fost

yoar,

under Hungarian tutelage.

of is

Q: What is the Curron Linot A: The ethnological line run-

ning through Poland which divides

from Rusalons.

Poles

Q:

Who would gain it Germany seized all of Poland west

of the Curzon Lino?

A Germany, enormously, be- cause she would subjugate land to which she has no more claim than she has to Bohemia and Moravia. Most of it: is predominately. Polo and before the Great War WAS part of Russia.

Q: Of Poland's total of 150,413 square miles, how much was taken from Germany after the Great. Wart Johns

A: Only 6,072,quare miles- Danzig, the Corridor and part of Upper Silesia. Not all of this territory is predominately, Ger-

man.