1939-08-04 — Page 18

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1939.

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The

Thongkong Telegraph.

Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 August 4, 1939

Who Helps Japan?

Where do these materials of war come from? From Japan's partners in aggression? From Germany and Italy?

Last year less By no means. than 8 per cent, of Japan's war materials came from Germany. Less than 1 per cent, came from Italy. They supplied more to ¡China.

HISTORY OF HONGKONG DURING THE WAR YEARS

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS ago to-day Great Britain de- clared war on Ger-

many.

A short time after the war ended the Royal Colonial Institute commis- sioned Sir Charlos Lucas to write a history of the Em- pire at War.

His book, an in- tensely interesting one, was published by. the Oxford Uni- versity Press.

Below are a few extracts relating to Hongkong's part in the Great War.

The parts play. ed by all the Dominions and Colonies are given in detail.

THEN the war

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO TO-DAY,

THIS PROCLAMATION WAS ISSUED

Whereas à sinte of war exists between His Majesty the King and Germany,

This Proclamation is lasued to inform the inhabitants of Hongkong that His Majesty'a ouvy sill guard the Colony from au atine by the enemy in force, and that the present strongth of the stefot

nol garrison of the fortress wonke unlikely 'n raid by predatory

All necessity measures to klofcat such a raid are, however, being taken, and the Govern mont trust that the confidence of the people will be shown by their proccefling with their ordinary business as it ting of peace

h the event of hostile vessels being sighted, three guns will be fired from the Tamar” and the rod British énsight will be hoisted on that vessel and at the manathend of the fingstuff. on the Punk, and will be kept hoisted as lang ng the guy is in sight.

While this signal renifitis hoisted the public should avoid collecting in thoroughfares and any other Action likely to cause excitement, or confusion,

1996 the retirement of the enemy the Colonial flag will be hoisted.

W governor of Hongkong was voicers numbered 330.

time,

Imperial needs and to local condi-

•

ml-

(over

WITH the coming of war the was Mr. E. HI. Sharp, K.C., was ap- perditure, a sum of over $10 WY Volunteer Force was mobilized pointed to Inquire whether and to lions, equivalent in sterling to over and the members of the Volunteer what extent, having regard both to £1,035,000. Reserve Force were enrolled in it.

As soon as war became imminent, tions, it is practicable and expedient

various war charities would be British male that male British subjects of mill- THERE was no doubt that the practically the entire community offered their services for tary age, resident in the Colony,

should be allowed to leave for ser- well supported by a community of came the the Volunteer Reserves.

armies, once wealthy and open-handed. Be- with His Majesty's the vice war Before the rumours of

and the After sitting for two months the com- fore the end of 18:4, £17,000 hand the late Sir Henry May, whose Volunteer Reserves 181, but before mission recommended the release of been sent to the Prince of Wales' Na- which was closed at the end of 1915, was over IT is easy enough to express whole official career, except for the war was a week old the numbers 43 men, their inquiries having already tonal Relief Fund, and the total con-

some 34 more,

£41,000. were horror at Japan's war on China, rather over a year in the gov. of the Volunteers had risen to 393 Indirectly resulted in the release of tributed to that fund,

They reported that there Owing to the Impossibility of en-

Much money was subscribed up to ernment of Fiji, had been passed and of the Reserves to 318.

recom- the end of 1013, but no one central But energy would be better in Hongkong, and whose term rolling, arming, equipping, and train still men in the Colony who could spent in finding out why the war of government outlasted the war, ing more men, many candidates were well be spared, and they

refused admittance to either corps mended the introduction of compul- organisation was in existence to deal until in the latter part of that year a goes on at all. Japan is only though he left for Canada, hay- were utilized as Special Cell sory service with the British armies with all the various war charities This recommendation, though en- War Charitles Fund Committee was able to fight China because she ing been summoned there by stables, to replace police seconded in the field.

telegraph owing to the dangerous for military service.

committee 'show Nearly 200 Indian and Chinese darsed by the Governor, was not at constituted for the purpose. The

the Home accounts of that is able to buy the materials of illness of his daughter, snortly

police were, when the war began, the time sunctioned by

that for the three years 1010-18 total before the Armistice, in Septem- ent by the Colonial Government to Government. war from abroad.

In April, 1018, there was renewed subscriptions of $1,410,000

through their ber 1918, and subsequently re- the military authorities for various

duties,

their dissatisfaction on the part of some £200,000) passed signed on grounds of ill health. subsidiary military

Hongkong was and is an Imperial places being filed as far as possible of the younger men in the Colony at hands, of which over £170,000 were

the difculties which they experi- remitted to London,

Almost every conceivable charity the enced obtaining release from their When, in a few weeks' Naval Station, fortified and garri by Special Constables. sones, with a strong body of pollee and a small force of volunteers. Ta police returned to their civil duties, employers to go to the front; the benefited, however, remotely con- 1914 the Colony was rich and pros- thuse of the Special Constables who Hongkong General Chamber of Com- nected with the war.

Among the beneflclaries the Red were ineligible for the ranks of the merce recommended that 'some form Bervice bc- perous in a high degree.

Cross headed the list with nearly of the Colony £5,000, the

Central Prisoners of On the outbreak of war one of the Volunteer Forces, or who desired to of compulsory military

£18,000, Arst steps taken was to establish a remain with the Police Department, yond the confines

the Blinded Soldiers and Sailors cable and postal censorship, and the were, with a number of Indians, should be adopted, subject to safe, War Committee received

confronted with as Chinese and Portuguese, being Bri- guarding 'essential economie trades,' ns 24 distinct European and fish subjects, enrolled under a speelal The Governor supported the recum nearly £16,000, King George's Fund

ordinance passed on the 22nd of Octa mendation, it received the approval for Sailors £11,000.

were Tire allies the of the Secretary of State with the

not forgotten, Asiatic languages,

No difeulty however was ex ber 1014 into a

proviso that only men of pure British

nearly £7,000 being sent to the perienced in finding Interpreters and Speelal Police Reserve,

The commandant was a local bar- descent should be taken and in June French Red Cross and, from London translators, and Sir Charles Eliot, at

General Military Service

to Vladivostok, Hongkong Money relief. "Our Day" were the time head of the University of rister, Mr. F. C. Jenkin, C.B.E., 1018 These figures come from a Hongkong, and subsequently British acting under the control of the Cap Ordinance was passed 'to provide tor

the raising of a force the members helped detailed survey of Japan's Ambassador in Japan, gave much ns- taln Superintendent of Police.

This force soon numbered 250 men, of which shall be liable to service plentiful in number, fruitful in re- sistance to the work.

Andrew's Day 1018 testided to the composed of 52 Europeans, 24 Indians, with His Majesty's forces outside the sults, and £10,000 subscribed on St. sources of supply just compiled

and 70 Colony during the present war.

Various Prior to the law the number of men strength of the Scottish element in

this Far Eastern Colony, Chinese. In a short time the num- THERE was a considerable German 90 of Portuguese descent,

the by the Union of Democratic Then the community, about his rose to over 500-and-eventually resident in Hongkong whole to

100 German merchants and their to over 600. Four companies were Colony to join His Majesty's forces. Ladies Associations dio excellent Of the 51 mer who War workers, Queen Mary's Needle- two residents 70. It is the democratic nations- employees, with an equal number of formed, one a European and Indian was 403, and the number of non- work, the Hongkong Association of

company, one Portuguese, and

of different kinds In accordance with instructions Chinese. There was

a maxim-gun were released by the tribunal, 12 Work Guild, and others, and 105,000 scetion, {L motor-bleycle section, were allowed to go overseas to join items, garments

Chines the armies, and the remainder were surgical dressings and the like were were arrested and a mounted section, and a interests menaced by Japan in from Home, enemy Reservists found

in the Colony

in

allotted to various war services by forwarded by a War Charities Store ambulance corps. the Far East-who, para-detained as prisoners-of-war

this the Government or, after enrolment, Sub-committee. Large gitis of to- The efficient help given by rump on Stonecutters leland,

There doxically enough, are making

were no first Reservists useful body of men to the regular by the military authorities, who sent bacco and cigars came from tobacco As Glass Fund received strong support among the German residents, but a police enabled OD of the European the majority to the 8th Training companies, and Lady Roberts Field-

in kind. Japan's war possible.

number were arrested on board the police to be relieved for duty with Battalion at Kirkee in India. ships that came into the port during the British Anny in France. Under far as is known,.75 men from Hong- in kong died on active service. and the early days of the war, and the an amending ordinance, passed residents included some 20 second 1017, the title of the force was the distinctions won included 1 D.S.O., IT would perhaps be invidious to single out for special mention the Reservists, the remainder being changed to that of Hongkong Police 4 M.C.s, and 4 M.M.'s.

of an names Mention should be made

of individuals among exempt from military service owing Reserve.

Imperial unit specially connected ladies of Hongkong other than that of to the nature of their employment or

Slugapore Mountain Battery, which tlon with the war. with Hongkong, the Hongkong and Lady May, for their work in connee-

war in Sinal and under served in the

Control.

The New "REGENT" Model particularly the ones with big

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IN MODERNISTIC DESIGN

$42500

INSTALLED

IN

PAYMENT OF A

MOUTRIE'S

YOUR

HOME

SMALL

ON DEPOSIT

YORK BUILDING

CHATER RD.

司公空鏡歐

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GOING OUT

EURASIA AVIATION CORPORATION

Hongkong Office,

King's Bid., 4th Flr. Tol. 25552, 25553.

The United States last year supplied Japan with 57 per cent: of her war needs. The British Empire supplied her with 2014 The Dutch Empire per cent." with 8 per cent.

In short, three democratic Powers supply Japan with no less than 86 per cent. of the materials she needs to fight. China.

By way of contrast, Russia

censors

many

were

women and children,

their age.

|

Ordinance

wa

force calicd

were

*

#1

*

10

+

•

the

The latter were at first provision- IN August, 1917 a Military Service

passed),

As President of the Queen Mary's ally allowed to remain on parole,

In Palestine.

Needlework Guild and Commandant with restriction D movement in the which all male British subjects

of the V.A.D.s as well as in other May gave a lead not specially DEARING in mind the cosmopolitan directions, Lady Colony and on an undertaking not to the Colony between the ages of 10 trave it, but scon the necessity for and 56, who

were rendered liable to character of the population of which was well followed up.

Many ladies undertook work which preventing any leakage of informa- exempted, tion as to the movements of British military service within the Colony.

Intern- Under this ordinance Hongkong Hongkong and that it was in a unique merchant-ships entailed the ment or deportation of the entire Defence Force was established, which degree a trading communlly, carrying set free men for service with the German communly, a few heads of included the Volunteer Corps and the on its life under abnormal dimeulties forces, and others devoted time and firms who were over military age Volunteer Reservé but not the Special and restrictions required by the war, energy to war charlies such as the Police Reserve, and which consisted the laws passed and the steps taken, supply of comforts for the troops and

de the raising of funds for the Hed, being deported under parole.

The internment took place at the of a company of artillery, a company not only to provide for home has supplied Japan with no war end of October, 1914, et n camp at of engineers, and a battalion of In- fence and internal security in such Cross Society. For such work Mrs. Kowloon, to which the prisoners of fantry, the command being given to manner as to release regular soldiers E. Stabb (now Lady Stubb) and Mrs,

the M.B.E. material whatever during the war from Stonecutters Island were Major H. A. Morgan of the Indian and European police for service at A. D. Hickling were, awarded the The investment in war loang by also transferred, and early in 1918 Army. Thus the whole Colony, so the front, but also to tend to

con- front every súliable and "shio-hodi- were far as British subjects were

of whole period of the war.

all the lamates of the camp

cerned, was organised for home de civilian who could possibly be spared, companies and individuals in the

Colony amounted to £6,000,000, shipped to Australia.

No turmoil or breach of the peace fence, and the boys were represent deserve every acknowledgment,

volunteer cadets No less noteworthy were the money which £177,000 were invested in was caused by the presence of the ed by Ilongkong

and the boy scouts of St. Joseph's contributions made by the Colony us United States War Loans.

a unit the Empire in ald of the An appreclable proportion of the expenditure of the war, and the sub- money thus invested was through the citizens of the agency of the, Hongkong and South FROM the Arst, we are told in the

war China War Savings Associations. Colony In money or kind to Annual Report for 1914, "the MEANWHILE, there had been an scriptions by the

Britons to charities. exodus of young entire community showed a com-

rumours serve at the front, and the Colonial spirit." Wild

•

The lesson of these figures is clear. They answer the people who say "there is nothing we can do,"

It is within the power of the democratic countries-partieu- larly the United States and the British Empire-to stop the war in China.

German element in the Colony. College.

mendable

*

*

*

JUD

UDGED by revenue returns, Hong- kong prospered imazingly during were, it is true, at first disseminated Government had found money to pay TN 1918 an ordinance was passed among the Chinese nanulation within the passages of recruits for the Bri- IN

to raise a war loan up to the the war.

Issue In 1914, in spite of the initial effect 40,000 and 50,000 Chinese, for the tish Army not only from the Colony

sum of the war, almost universally reflect- most part women and children, fled itself, but also from other places in amount of $3 millions by the to the neighbouring province of the Far East. The Annual reports of bonds in the Colony. The China, but in no long time they were tell us that up to the end of 1914 thus rained was to be placed at the ed in decline of receipts, the revenue reassured and returned. Meanwhile seven local residents of the Colony disposal of His Majesty's Government was: larger than ever before, and at officers for the prosecution of the present the end of the year there was an am- A ban on the sale of war

ple surplus In the Colonial Treasury. the Chinese residents in the Colony left to take commissions as

enlist in the ranks, while war."

In the following year, 1017, another The surplus was converted Into a materials would hamstring as a whole were conspicuous in pubs and

Ile spirit, at once offering to enrol from outside the Colony two went Japan. Neither Germany nor those of their members who were to take commissions and 10 to entist, ordinance was passed to provide for deftelt in 1915, but only through a British subjects as volunteers or and that by the end of 1018, 135 had a temporary increase in the rates for very large increase of extraordinary Italy could rescue her.

Special Constables, and to subscribe left Hongkong to join up in England the special purpose of increasing the expenditure in that year due

of whom 02 had been members of contributions of the Colony to His charging to current account much ex- construction Majesty's Government towards the penditure on railway Public opinion will do well to to war funds.

which in normal times would have The freedon, of the port was necor- the Volunteer Corps,

Among the younger men of the expenses of the present war.” take these figures to heart. It sarily restricted on the outbreak of

This special war rate amounted to been met by loan. The revenue of system of issuing permits for all behind there was growing discontent 7 per cent, and it was levied for two 1815 showed a further increase, that of 1010 a very great increase, and is not enough to be horrified at war, and soon after hostilities began European community who remained

From the money accruing under the figures much more than double the war in China. We must imports and exports was instituted, us the war went on. It was felt that years from the 1st of July 1017.

and spared by thelt employers for service these two inws and from surplus re- that of 1913. This result was not realise that the war is only con- with the object of controlling the in many instances they could be

venues the Colony handed over in all appreciably due to increased taxation. movement of prohibited goods

enemy. In the field.

PLEASE Tum To Pogo 5. tinuing by the kind permission preventing trade with the

Accordingly, early in 1917, a com- to the Imperial Government, as mission, the Chairman of which free contribution in ald of war ex- of Britain and America.

This system was maintained until the end.

д

to