1939-07-04 — Page 18

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, TUESDAY, JULY 4, 19.39.

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......Alfred Cortot with:-NE Album No. 330

Ballet Suite

Independence Day

Poland would

FIGHT

for freedom

T

HE Poles are ready to fight if their liberty is menaced, or their territory is invaded by the Germans. They will defend the freedom and Independence which they have now recovered for twenty-one years, after enduring nearly one hundred and fifty years of oppression, divided up between the three Empires of the Romanova, the Habsburgs and the Hohen-

zollerna.

Too much blood was shed to regain Polish independ- ence in a long tale of risings and revolutions throughout a century and a half of slavery for the Polish people to give up their' precious freedom without fighting to the last in its defence.

This is an axiom of Eastern European politics. And that determination, mareover, is not confined to nationalists or militarists.

Polish Labour organised in the "P.P.S"-the Polish Social- the ist Party-was Drst in present crisis to tell the world that they would strike back should their Republic bo menaced.

The Polish working people have a long revolutionary tradition. It ¿was the PP.5, which in the darkest days of Tsarist rule, when growing Poland was gradually killing the spirit

of insurrection, added National Independence" to their

London Philharmonic Orchestra Conducted By-Antal. Dorati E hundred and sixty-three bourgeols prosperity in Russian

years ago to-day fifty-five The Dancing Years-(tvor Novello's Latest Drury Lane Success) With:--Mary Ellis-Ivor Novello-Olive Gilbert and Roma Beaumont signatures were set to the De- Rondo from "Haffner" Serenade (Mozart) ....... Fritz Kreisler claration of Independence by Benno Moiseiwitsch which the "Representatives of Ballade No. 3 in A Flat Major (Chopin)

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General Congresa, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions," did "in the Name, and by authority of the good People of these Colonies, Holemnly publish and declare, That These United Colonies are, |and of Right ought to be, Free and Independent States; that They are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is and ought to be totally dissolved..."

To win independence from the tyranny of King George III cost the lives of some 7,000 American colonists.

The older generation of Polish Labour fought regular battles with the Cossacks on the barricades in 1005-1804,

The working classes in town and country flocked to join the Piloudski Legion in the orent. War. Their sons burn to carry on these traditions.

The Polish worker-and the peasant in the same degree-feel responsible for the independence of their country for which so much of their blood was shed.

When the Peasant and Socialist parties, in opposition for the last twelve years, asked for participa- In the Government and for a demo- cratic electoral law they declared,

-support of their claim "Poland's national defence cannot be effective and strong without an

active co-operation of the majority of the people.

This claim was put forward again in the recent crisis. It can- not be neglected by the regime of the successor of Pilsudski.

In 1920 when the Soviet armles thundered up to the gates of War-

saw. Peasant leader. Witos and Socialiat Daszynski formed national cabinet-and won the

war.

WHE

The present crisis of 1939 18 in many respects as dangerous and

President Moscicki and Marshal

Smigly-Rydz, who inherited Pilsud- aki's power and authority, are expected to fom a Cabinet of national concentration in face of the crisis.

by JERZY

SZAPIRO

German corridor should be cut through the "Polish Corridor?"

The Polish people supported their emphatic negative to this sug- gestion by partial mobilisation.

No chances were taken. The Polish Government renissed that one never knows,where" conversa- tlona" with Hitler end.

This mobilisation Was a

Poland perfect success.

L militarily one of the strongest countries in Europe. So far as the training of her troops and of the reserve goes, she still claims a slight superiority over Germany, where conscription was introduced only five years ago by the present regime.

The Polish standing army is about 400,000 strong, including the corps et Frontier Guards and various other semi-military bodies.

To-day, after the partial mobili- sation, Poland has over half a million men standing to arms. Should war break out, she can mobilise up to 5,000,000 men, and place round about 150 divisions In the Beld,

The Polish Air Force consists of 1.500 Arst line planes and the re- serves. The capitals of all Central European countries are within two hours night from Polish pero- dromes in a fast modern bomber. My countrymen ara daring and pugnacious aviatore,

Poland has her own aeroplane manufacturing Industry, which will now be extended and de- ~veloped from the proceeds of the new Air Force Loan." OllЛelda in the south-east form an adequate source of petrol, and we possess our own oli reaning industry.

The question is often asked whether Poland would go to war to told the "Corridor and prevent the Nazis seizing

Danzig.

I belleve she would, because the Vistula, greatest of Follsh rivers, flows

into the sea through an estuary which 16, on

Danzig

The Vistula is Poland's life line; and the province of Pomorze-the corridor leading to the Baltic-Is us Polish in population and tradi- tion na Cracow or Warsaw.

territory. Almost 150 years later, the United States expend- ed treasure incalculable and the lives of 30,000 of its young men. In aiding England's· defence against a continental aggressor. seized Memel and Hitler had

Many ties, besides that of the common sacrifice of the flower of their manhood in the struggle | against the mailed fist a quarter of a century ago, are serving to-

Immediately after the Nazis

made his triumphal entry Into the city Herr von Ribbentrop suggested to M. Lipskl, Polish Ambassador in Berlin, that the two countrica ought to start "negotiations on Danzig,"

IL WAB then proposed that a

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speaking nations close to oneworld were ablaze. This is in- another, and the reception controvertible. afforded Their Majesties the

The last three or four years King and Queen on their recent have been marked as a period of tour of Canada and the United

unprecedented cordiality between States was a gratifying indica-the two nations- cordiality tion of that accord and well-which will be emphasised in being now in existence between Hongkong to-day when Ameri- the two great Democracies,

cans and their British guests To-day, on the 103rd anniver-gather at the American Club to sary of the Declaration of honour the first President of the Independence, we find a unity of United States, conviction between tha tivo The maintenance of that cor- peoples that complete under-diality is a bulwark against the standing, harmony and unity of forces of disorder which, to-day, action by the English-speaking constitute a far greater monace nations is the only thing that to liberty than any of the can bring ordor out of the chaos tyrannies charged against "the into which the world might Present King of Great Bri- awa 'plunge, and would assure peace'tain" on July 4, 1776.

Modern Poland, with her 150,000 square miles of territory, thickly populated by 95,000.000 people, must be inacparable from hor 83 miles of sea coast. Her place on the shores of the Baltic is Poland's most cherished possession.

Poland has two ports, Gdynia and Danzig. Both are on the Baltic shore of the Corridor, and between them they carry three-

Marshal Smigly-Rydz,

Polish Army C.-in-C.. quarters of ner entire foreign trade.

Before the War Danzig was one of several German ports on the. Baltic.

Its yearly turnover amounted to 2,000,000 tons. Now the annual volume of trade equals 0,000,000 tons thanks to Danzle's conate- tion with Polish Industry.

Gdynia, a fishing village fifteen years ago. is now д thriving modern clty of 100,000. It has grown to be, perhaps, the largest port. Last year 8,000,000 Baltic tons of goods were shipped across its quays.

Everything depends on this strip of Baltic seaboard. Once this free access to the sea was denied Poland, she would sink to the con- dition of an economie and politi- eal dependency of the Third Reich.

There is politically hardly a more dangerous spot in the world than the big plain on which the Europe's crossroads Western Slavonie tribes, now the Polish nation, chose for settlement long centuries ago,

The German octopus and the Russian giant are Poland's neigh- bouse

on frontiers of over 3,500 miles.

Poland is a barrier between the two great empires, now under Nazism and Communism, more bitter enemies than ever.

In order to resist their pressure Poland's diplomacy must be ex- tremely elastic. Her main task is maneuvring

two between the without committing herself to the support of elther or to any policy

of encirclement.

For friendship and for ald Poland must look elsewhere, far beyond her frontiera, France is her old ally, and now the Foles seek Great Britain's support against aggression.

The news of the promised British assistance, of course, de- lighted Warsaw. But even with- out that indication of strong sup- port the Poles would fight if their territorial integrity or national honour were menaced.

We will not yield our freedom while we remain allys to fight. We will not contemplate onco again the slavery of allen rule which we endured for so many long and cruel years,

We are united and froe. Bo wo shall remain.

GRIN AND BEAR IT

By Lichty

Wichitag

"t with you'd find your glasses, Rufus--that's twice, to-day you'vo mistaken mo for the måld!”

Tientsin

Now:

What

Next?

By

D. BARKER

THE Japanese blockade the British oad French Conccarlons at Tient-- sin, nominally to force the British to hond over four Chinese alleged to have murdered a certain Cheng Shi kang, but it may be, to begin to thrust the British themselves from China altogether.

If that be so, Tientsin tactics will not do for long. For if the British are to go at all, they must go from Shanghai, greatest city of China, among the first half-dozen ports of the world. Shanghai is a sea-gate for about £300,000,000 of trade a year. half that of all China. Call It Paris of ibo East it you are feeling romantic, but Liverpool of the East is nearer the facts.

It is one thing to blockade the British conveniently grouped in a Concession in Tientsin, quite another to oppose them in Shanghai where they co-operate, in an International Settlement, not only with Americans and Chinese, but with the Japanese themselves. For in a Concession the Chinese Government leases the land to the British Government, to be re- Icased in lots to its nullonals; in a Settlement an area is set aside for the residence of foreigners, each of whom leases his land directly from the Chinese owners. In addition, the Settlement is granted self-govern- ment within its boundaries.

*

Nearly a century ago after the oplum wars-the centenary of the incident that led to them occurred last month-Britain gained trading rights in several Chinese ports, in- cluding Shanghai, then only a mourn- ful stretch of mud. They obtained permission to buy land at Soochow Creek to establish trading houses, and soon the French and Americans held similar areas.

As the prosperity and population. of the settlements grew the British and Americans combined to form the International Settlement. The French, except for a brief time, held aloof. Other nations joined in later. Gradually most of the trade of North China began to pour through Shanghal. The muddy river front became the famous Bund nions which great trading houses built their offices, with windows overlook-- ing the bustling river traffic of junk and steamer, sampan and ferryboat. Buses, tramcars, cars and bicycles crowded the rickshaws through the streets. In time semi-skyscrapers Hike-Sassoon-House-or-the-British. owned Broadway Mansions gave the place a sky-line. A thousand tongues babbled in the streets, exiled White Russians filled the cabarets, factories and warehouses towered over streels where the population density grow to 200 to the acre (compare London's East End, 150- to the scre).

-

*

Not one, but three Shanghats grow up-the International Settlement, the French Concession and the Chinese clty.

The International Settlement, with broad Nanking Rond leading to the residential quarters, now covers 5583 acres, has a six-mile water-front, and a population of more than 1,000,000, of whom about 95 per cent. are Chinese. Of the foreignera the Jup- anese lead in numbers, with about three times as many as the British, who come second. "Of the £250,000,- 000 we have invested in China, about

£180,000,000 is in Shanghai.

Further south, with a narrow cor- ridor to the water, lies the French Concession, four square miles into wiilch are crowded 500,000 Chinese and 23,000 foreigners, of whom the smallest group, at the last census, was the Albanian, whose national solitude has now been rectified by European politica,

South again is the walled nucleus of the Chinese city from which have grown the industrial suburbs of Chapel, Nantau and Pootung across the river, and in parts of which the population density is 500 to the acre. Factories and slums jostle each other where more than 1,690,000 Chinese live, most of them in squnior.

None of this development,, good or bad, would have been posible with- out the International Settlement and the rights it holds through an agree- ment with the Chinese, called the Land Regulations. This agreement: gives the Settlement is self-govern- ment, often criticised, often the causo of riots, yet on the whole workable. As successivo waves of Chinese ́re- fugees: have proved for nearly a century, it has made Bhanghal the safest place in China, even though the Settlement police are equipped with machino-guns, wear bullet-proot vests, and have the reputation of being the toughest in the world.

**

*

The Settlement is governed by the Shanghai Munjelpal. Council, origin- ally composed of nine foreign mem- bers, to which Ave Chinese members have recently (been, added: The Council is elected annually, the Chin- ese by their fellow-countrymen, the foreigners by foreign residents own- PLEASE Turn To Page 3.