THE HONGKONG TE LEGRAPH, THURSDAY, JUNE 1, 1989.
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And here is an extract from a letter to the Lincoln dealer at Pasadena, Califomia:--
Macky for ca 1 om concerned, the Lincoln-Zephyr will nut-perform and out-lemontinike anything on four wheel regardless of cost or number of rilinden. The romlability la something to, marvel at. The sousulares of its engineeri Ing insomething that only Henry Ford could ever hope-to- schiera mid the good judgment in asfection end roerstination of meqsories can reflect only credit to the Ford organisas tion.
"You don't drive it ; you'float along in it 2. And all I can say in anybody who doubts this fa—ery one."
-
(Stoned) CALVIN T AUSTIN,
Chief Engineer, MacCtaichte Manufacturing Co
Here is the latest model of the car Mr. Austin was talking about:
WALLACE HARPER & CO., LTD.
Arsenal Street.
Phono 28240..
COPIES OF
Nathan Road. Phone 59245.
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June 1, 1939
Pen and the Sword
THE WOES of our University boil down to this: the pen in Hongkong is not mightier than the sword.
We are forced to spend more upon the training of our soldiers than upon the training of our children.
An iniquitous charge by the Imperial Government demands that London has first call upon 18 to 20 per cent. of our gross
revenue.
We subscribe from revenue for Educatioifice as much for
as we do We spend as much upon Hongkong Volunteers as we do upon the Hongkong University.
The dictators of Europe may ride to power with a flourish of the sword. But it is the mightiness of the pen that hus made Hitler the greatest con- queror since Napoleon.
The Fifth Column is more im- portant to Germany than is its Air Force, its Army and its Navy.
Without the education of the masses of German people, Hitler could not rule.
The blindly-loyal Youth Move- ment could not be so fanatically Nazi in conception and outlook had not Hitler taken the Ger- man child from the cradle to educate it into his way of think- ing.
It was not the sword that cleaved a passage for Hitler's troops into Austria, the Sudeten- land, Moravia and Bohemia and Memelland. It was the pen- the daily and incessant use of propaganda.
Education is propaganda. Empires may be founded by the sword but they are welded and retained by the pen.
Take away
the
pen and, sooner or later, you must revert to the sword.
Yet, until we have adjustment of either those Military Contri- butions or of Taxation, there is nothing we can do to spread education among the masses in Hongkong and China...
our
It is a standing disgrace that| the Vice-Chancellor of University must admit that a great institution which should be the centre of learning for the Orient is hardly solvent, and that so desperate an appeal for funds should be contained in hila Report.
A
GERMAN
MILITARY MACHINE
"It's all right, neighbours, he's quite harmless."
Scarpe Ashitilass mome
A.B.C. to the
LONG time ago, in the vanished pre-war days when income tax was a shilling in the £ and whisky three-and-six a bottle and the poor were thought to know their place, replete and tranquil middle-class Europe had just one nightmare.
It was called the Balkans, A man might look forward with assurance to a lifetime of peace be- fore him if it were not for that dark South-Eastern corner of the Continent, Europe's nolsy nursery, where a handful of child nations un a perpetual squabble among themselves and with their former overlords, the Turks.
trant
Every year, as regular as clock- work, some new violent incident would break out there. Every year one or other of the grown-up Wes- tern States, each of which had its own favourite child, was forced in one way or another to intervene.
And every year the fear hovered dispute Foreign Offices that two the nursery tlf might stir up a and from themselves were involveu uns “dêsperale"conflet,”
I
to
N the end it did. The Great War, launched by Austria. primarily Europeanlso the Balkans, ended by Balkarising Europe. The whole Continent became an uproar of confused and contending volces.
And now that the eyes of a world no longer tranquil are turned w easily once more on its least tran- quil area, let us see if we cannot puzzle out the pieces of the Balkon jesaw and see why the Bakan nur- sery is just what it is.
Its name frst. Balkan is merely a Turkish name for mountain, ap- plied particularly, in the ninteenth century, to a range of mountains running east and west across Bul- garia.
From this range, also in the nineteenth century, the Balkan peninsula came to be used of the mass of land running south into the gean Sea from a line roughly joining the River Save, on which Belgrade stands, to the mouth of the Danube.
T
term
HERE lie in that area the whole, or to-day parts, of Six Slates. They are:
Albania, area 10,500 square miles bopulation 1,000,000;
Bulgaria, aren
40,000 square miles, population 6,000,000;
Grecce,
50,000 square miles, population 0,000,000;
95,000 square Jugoslavia, area miles, population 14,000,000;
Rumania, arca. 122,000 square miles,
area
population 19,000,000; Turkey, area 295,000 square miles, population 18,000,000,
Just for comparison, the area of England and Wales 18 50,000 square miles.
Large
parts of Jugoslavia, Rumania and Turkey to outside the Balkan peninsula. All the six States are poar, all of them are largely agricultural. All of them
To-day's Thought- MANs the only animat which devours his own Mind, forcan apply no
· müder, term. to the govern. ments of Europe. «.
-THOMAS JEFFERSON.
BALKANS
RUMANA
Bulgaria's Losses 1919.
LBANIA
by Matthew de Couves.
RUMANIA
J UGO SLAVIA
"EUROPE'S
BUCAREST
A Danube
SOFIA
BULGARIA
E
DARDANULES
NORT
are trying to build up industries of their own, but none has advanced farther than has a typical British Dominion.
And each of the six is a nation with
a past, a glorious history, hardly known outside its own borders, which it privately con- siders infinitely superior to any- thing its five rivals can boast.
nations la, oddly, the smallest, the The oldest resident of the six
Albanians.
B
EFORE the dawn of European history the Balkans were inhabited
by a set of wild tribes whom the Greeks, pouring into the penin- sula before the first millennium B.C. described as Thracians, Mace- donians and Illyrians.
Herodotus, the first of the world's historians, gave it as his opinion that if they could ever be persuaded to unite, their strength would make them invincible; but then, he added, they nover would unite.
Nor did they, except for the brief few years when Alexander the Great of Macedon bestrode the world with an army whose Mly- rian soldiers were the ancestors of the modern Albanians.
The Greeks' glorious past blazed up Arst in the unequalled achieve- ments of the City Etates which dotted the shores and islands of the Egean in the fifth century B.C.
Their squabbles made them an easy prey to the expanding Roman Empire which, after swallowing Albanians and Greeks, founded. a third of tile six Balkan peoples the Rumanians-in 106 A.D.
The Roman Empire grew tired and split in two, and the Greeks' - second period of glory came.
For more than 1.000 years, till 1463, Greek Emperors ruled over the Byzantine Empire with its capital at Constantinople-modern Istanbul. At nrat they had most
TURKEY "Scale of Hiles
NURSERY "
before a horde of barbarign- vaders.
Alfred had barely burnghe cakes in the ninth century.ben ve of the Balkan peoplqad entered the stage, come inton-- tact with Christianity and kun to develop their domains. the succeeding invasions had lehelr legacy of bitter hatred, anhat development took the form it of steady growth in fame,
of sudden Jerks into notoriety.
succession of one-man Bires followed each other, each trid- ing the peninsula, andeach crumbling to pleces almost soon as its founder was in his gri.
The Bulgarian Emperor neon ruled from the Black Beans the Adriatic and from the Dabe to northern Grecce in the ter cen- tury, and took the title Tz five centuries before it was hrd in Russia. But his demains fopart, and it was two hundre years before the Bulgarians pjoyed another Empire.
After that it
was the urn of the Berbs. Their gre Teor Stephen Dushan held sw in the fourteenth century over Berbian Empire as large as the Hearian. and was as rich and, cuured as nry Western European rer of his doy,
H
IB possessionsdissolved too, and as thy did the alarm of a new in- vasion was heard in the fast. Tho sixth of the Balkan pople, the Turks, had burat on the conc.
The five nations of themedieval. Balkans would not stand together. against the Turks, so they foll separately. It is typic of their history that the final frblan do- feat of Kossovo only cake because a kinsman of the Bebian Tear
Ton Days For Dino Theft
Boston.
of the Balkans under the'r sway, to 10 days in jail after admitting Hyman Zelchick; 23, was sentenced
Lazar went over to the Turks onc the battlefield with all his men.
Bo over the wreck of the divided! Christian armies the Turks pressed on, t the reign of our King Charles II saw them not only, masters of all the Balkans, but of Southern Russia, possessors tords of Hungary and battering at the gates of Vienna.
Beyond conquest, the Turks had no idea. They camped on the van- quished territory and forced their subjects to feed them and supply soldiers for their armles, 80, as conquering Empires have a way of doing, their Empire grew old and tired,
T
HE beginning of the nineteenth century saw first the Greeks, then. the Serbians, then the Rumanians And Bulgarians striking
for. liberty, winning back little patches: of territory in which they might. enjoy home rule.
Russia and the Western. Powers. put their money first on ono, then- -OF-AROther of the insurgent futle peoples. Britain obstinately, backed their Turkish oppressors, for fear- a triumph for liberty might see the- Russian ogre, through one of its. puppets,
menacingly established at. Istanbul.
Always the little States, struck separately; it needed little for the Bulgarians to spring at the Ser- blans throat, whilo everyone hated the Grecko, who were the tax-
and gatherera
'administrative officials of the Turkish Esipire.
It was not till 1912 that three of them, the Bulgarians, Berbs and Greeks, agreed to launch an offen- sive together against the Turks..
A
ND even so, they fell out`. BO
the rapidly over division of the spolls. that Greeks and Serbians and. Rumanians were soon plundering the Bulgarians of their gains, and starting
new Balkan
feud. which drove Bulgaria into the German camp in the Great War- and threatens to drive her into. the Axis camp to-day,
In that confillet of 1012 the Al-- baniana won their liberty, too. against the ferocious growisTM of“ Bulgaria aud Serbia. And now once more ferocious growls are rising as Bulgaria,
plundered after that struggle, is being pushed and shoved by her now-found Axia friends into demanding the swag. back
from her plunderers.
That swag has lain as a barrier between her and the Balkan En- tente which they have formed with. their old tyrant, Turkey, Än enmity no less bitter kept Albania. from the Entente.
But time is running short to-- day. And unless tho Balkanı nations
their forget.
nursery.. mannore they are likely to and
themselves back in the nursery. onco more—and, under, a. parent.
cayed stupidity of the Bulţäng
"but in the third century the bar-"that ho stole 10 cents from a' news-· lesa", meretfui^even than the de-.. rlera of the Empire began to give boy "for carfare."
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