1939-05-30 — Page 6

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, TUESDAY, MAY 30, 19 39.

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British Penal Reform

PROGRESS in criminal justice

aims at accuring the maximum

of protection for society with the maximum of humanity in the treat- meat of criminals. The law no longer seeks retribution.

Nor does. it only aim at deterrence. It must constantly have in mind also prevention and cure. There is now available a long history of reform and experiment in penology. Upon this is based the Criminal Justice bill which Sir Samuel Hoare, the British Home Secretary, introduced inta the House of Commans.

It makes important changes in the method of dealing with offen- ders, and especially the younger Among them.

"Once a criminal always a criminal" has been too often the experience of the past. The young offender has become worse by association with other criminals, and the difficulty of mak- ing good when he comes out of prison has sent him back again to crime. Much has already been done for juveniles and young persons, but very much remains to be done. One of the great objects of this Act is to keep young offend- ers out of prison and to provide alternative methods of dealing with them.

Persons between seventeen and twenty-three years of age await- Ing trial are to be sent to remand contres instead of to prison, and remand homes are to be establish- ed where unruly children under seventeen can be kept under obser- vation. Offenders between six- teen and twenty-one who are not deemed to need severe training may be sent to disciplinary hostels known as Howard Houses whence they will be allowed to go out to ardinary employment..

Old and hardened offenders are a legacy of the less enlightened treatment of crimnals in the past. The alm to-day is to prevent the recruitment of this class of cases -to take the criminal. when he is young and give him a chance to make good. Imprisonment and discipline cannot be dispensed with since law-abiding citizens must be protected. But the prob- lem can be approached not only in a more humane but also in a more methodical way,

Nor docs reform rest only on the provisions of the law. or the administration of prisons and other State Institutions. Much also depends on public opinion, on the attitude of the mass of citizens to the unfortunates who have drifted into 'crime. If society is willing to give another chance of employment and tolerable living to the man who has been convictod of an offence he will be less likely to revert to crime. In the Inst

resort the criminal law itself and

the prospect of criminal reform depends on the conscience, and attitude of the whole community.

O

wap Vay win

world

UR troubled gropes round for a way out of its difficulties.

One way out-and a starting one-is suggested by an American Journalist, Clar- ence K. Strelt, in a book which has made A great stir in America and is now beginning to make one over here.

He calls his book "Unlan Now," and he is a man quite worth listening to because he was from 1029 until quite recently the cor- respondent of the New York Times in Geneva, watching the League of Nations at work.

He has spent five years prepar- ing this book and has written it all through four times over. He fought in the Oreat War, and afterwards went to Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. He is 43.

His plan is going to be talked about quite a fot. So it will be just as well for you to have it quite straight in your head from the be- ginning. It is this:-

The world's fifteen leading de- mocracies ought to unite together Into one super-State-just as all the different American States Joined together into the "United States" in 1780.

THESE fifteen

would

be; Britain United States, France, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland,

Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Eire, South Africa, New Zealand, Aus tralia and Canada.

This super-State would be called the "Union of the Free." Its Gov- ernment would have five jobs: 1. Making D

common citizenship. Everyone would have the same pass- port.

2. Keeping_A_Unloz_urmy. navy and air force. Running foreign policy. Making war and peace.

3. Fixing up "Free Trade" all over the Union and managing trade with foreigners.

4. Isauing one form of money for the whole Union. (There would be no more akillings or dollars or francs, but a common coln, probably to be called a 'granior.")

6. Running one big transport plan. (A penny-halfpenny stamp would tako a letter to any part of the Union.)

All other matters except these" five-such as education, police, health, unemployment, and 60 on-would go on being managed by the present Governments of the

Schools' Art Shames R.A.s

Schoolgirls have put to shame the art of once-famous As, say the ex- perts at the Jubilee Exhibition of the

Royal Drawing Society.

Guildhall, are said to be "alive with Their paintings, now on view in the the spirit of movement," whereas those of such "inasters as Sir John Millais, which hang on the walls of the Guildhall, are now considered "dull and stationary."

The four paintings of horses which have won the President's prize for 16-year-old Deva Cayzer, daughter of Sir Charles Cayzer, M.P., have a single line or a small blot to represent a hoof, or no, hooves at all. Her jockeys caps are a pink smudge, their faces and hands non-existent.

And yet modern exparts, consider. her paintings masterly, truer to the rhythm and poetry of setion than a photograph.AKA

CONFIRMATION SERVICE

Al 7.30 am, yesterday, 170 young people were presented for conflema- dral, to Bishop II. Valtorte.

on at the Itoman Catholle Cathe-

ANTIPOLISI PROPAGANDA

A SMELL OF BURNING

Is

this

the

way

Fifteen nations

in a

Union of the Free

out?

BY WILL SHEBBEARE

Alteen countries. A Parlament would govern the Union. There would be a House of Deputies with one M.P. for every million inhabi- tants.

This would give Britain 47 M.P.8, United States 120, France 42, Canada 11, Holland and Belgium 0 each, and so on.

M.P.8 would be elected every three years. They would have to be at least 25 years old.

There would also be a Senate or Upper House. It would be there to see that the small countries were not builled by the big ones.

Each country would have two seats in the Senate-except that Britain and France would have "four"enek" and the United States would have 10. The smaller countries would be in a majority. Senators would have to be over 30 years of age, and would be elected for eight years.

FOR the most part Mr. this Strelt has made Constitution as much

like the American Constitution as possible. But there would be no President of the Union of the Free. Instead there would be a Board of Five. Members of it would have to be over 35, and one would be elected each year to take the place of one retiring member. To be

como law a Bill would have to be passed by the Deputies, the Senators and a majority of the Board of Five,

The Board would delegate a great deal of its power to a Prime Minfater and Cabinet.

any case other democracies (de- inocracies, note, not dictator- ships) would be allowed to come in once the plan got going.

Mr. Streit thinks the advantages of membership would be so great that there would soon be a long queue waiting to come in. It would help to reduce the number of dle- tatorships.

He picks on his afteen for the following reasons:---

Language divides them into only ave big groups, and for all practical purposes into only two, English and French.

Their combined citizenry of nearly 300,000,000 is well-balanced -half in Europe and half overseas. "Together these fifteen own al- most half the earth, rule all its Occuns, govern nearly half man-

There would be a High Court to-kind- settle all the legal troubles of the Union.

UNDER tho big centrai Parliament, the ordin ary Parliaments of the fifteen countries would carry on very much as they do now, France, United States, Finland · and Switzerland would be allowed to keep their Presidents. The rest. would keep

their Kings and Queens.

Britain would be expected to hand over her colonies (includ- ing India), to be governed by the Union. So would France. There is nothing to complain about in this, says Clarence K. Streit, be- America would also be for the making her sacrifices Unton. such s banding over her big gold reserve to the Union treasury.

Cause

Why only afteen democracies? you may ask; why not ten or Roventeen or twenty-eight?

Clarence K. Streit thinks that the number, might be changed. In

GRIN AND BEAR IT

STOM

14-19

2,323.00

By Lichty

"I'm not interested in the prical How much is the first paymont?"

"They do two-thirds of the world's trade, and most of this would be called their domestic trado once they united, for it is among themselves.

“They possess practically all the world's gold and banked wealth.

Their existing armed strength. is such that once they united it they could radically reduce their armaments.

"Tho-facts-nre: Fifteon-de- mocracies together practically own this earth, and they do not know it. Each of these democracies was made to securo precisely the same object, the freedom of man, and they all forget it."

MOST people, says Mr. Strelt, think it enough for these fifteen demo- pracies to get together in a League. But Leagues are no good, he argues. One little State can spike any proposal, however good, by refusing to agree.

But in a Union the Btates them- "selves do not count. "Everything is decided by a majority vote of all the citizens.

How are we to get Union?"The way not to get it," he says, "is to. | think, 'This idea of Union is all. [right, and I'm for it. But what's. the use of my doing anything. about it?""

He wants to form a World: Unionist Party to campaign for the idea. All people who believe in Union in the fifteen democracies. ought to ment for a great confer-- caco to thrash out a programme.

¿

HE wants a 'postcard" Plebiscite." He suggests. that Union men should write a posteard overy day for a week to their M.P. or Mr. Cham- berlain or President Lebrun; or· someone else of importance toll- ing them to get busy on founding n Union.

Ho thinks that President Noose- velt could call a conference of all the fliteen Governments to discuss attch a Union; and that it would be dimoult for any Government to rofuse such an invitation.

Wail, there is the Strait plan- put ́baldly, with neither praise nor blame. What do you make of

(*Published by Jonathan Cape, 104.04)