1939-05-30 — Page 30

THE HONGKONg Telegrafii, TUESDAY, MAY 80, 19 89.

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British Penal Reform

PROGRESS in criminal justice

aims at securing the maximum

of protection for society with the muximum of humanity in the treat- ment of criminals. The law no langer seeks retribution. Nor doey it only nim at deterrence. It must

in constantly have

mind also prevention and cure. There is now available a long history of reform and experiment in penology. Upon this is based the Criminal Justice bill which Sir Samuel Hoare, the British Home Secretary, Introduced into the House of Commons,

It makes important changes in the method of dealing with offen- ders, and especially the younger criminal among them, "Once a always a criminal" has been too often the experience of the past. The young offender has become worn by association with other criminals, and the difficulty of mak- ing good when he comes out of prison has sent him back again to erine. Much has already been done for juveniles and young persons, but very much remains to be done. One of the great objects of this Act is to keep young offend- era out of prison and to provide alternative methods of dealing with them.

Personu between seventeen and. twenty-three years of age await- Ing trial are to be sent to remand contres Instead of to prison, and remand humes are to be establish- ed where unruly children under seventeen can be kept under obser- vation. Offenders between six- teen and twenty-one who are not deemed to need severe training may be sent to disciplinary hostels known as Howard Houses whence they will be allowed to go out to ordinary employment,

Old and hardened offenders are a legacy of the lean enlightened treatment of crimnals in the past. The aim to-day is to prevent the recruitment of this class of casea to take the criminal when he is young and give him a chance to make good. Imprisonment and discipline cannot be dispensed with, since law-abiding citizens must be protected. But the prob- lem can be approached not only in-amore humane. but also-In-n... more methodical way.

Nor does reform rost only on the provisions of the law or the administration of prisons and other State Institutions. Much also depends on public opinion, en the attitude of the mass of citizens to the unfortunates who have drifted into crime. If society is willing to give another chance of employment and tolerable living to the man who has been convicted of an offence he will be less likely. to revert to crime. In the Inst

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the prospect of criminal reform depends on conacfence and attitude of the whole commünity.

O

UR troubled world gropes round for a way out of its difficulties.

One way out-and a startling one-is suggested by an American journalist, Clar- ence K. Streit, in a book which has made a great stir in Amerlen and is now beginning to make one over here.

He calls his book "Union Now,"* and he is a man quite worth listening to because he was from 1920 until quite recently the cor- respondent of the New York Times in Geneva, watching the League of Nations at work.

He has spent, five years prepar- ing this book and has written it all through four times over. He fought in the Great War, and afterwards went to Oxford as a Rhodes Schalar. He is 43.

His plan is going to be talked about quite a lot. So it will be just as well for you to have it quite straight in your head from the be- ginning. It is this:-

The world's fifteen leading de- mocracies ought to unite together into one super-State--just as all the different American States joined together into the "United States" in 1789.

THESE Bitcen would be: Britain, United States, France, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, Norway. Bweden, Denmark, Finland, Eire, South-Africa-New Zealand, Aus

tralla and Canada.

This super-State would be called the "Union of the Free." Its Cov- ernment would havé five jobs:

1. Making a common citizenship. Everyone would have the saine pass- port

3. Keeping a Union army, navy and air force. Running foreign policy. Making war and peace.

3. Fixing up "Free Trade" all over the Union and managing trade with foreignere.

4. Issuing one form of money for the whole Union. (There would be no more shillings or dollars or francs, but a common coln, probably to be called a "gramor.")

5. Running one big transport plan. (A penny-halfpenny stamp would take a letter to any part of the

Union.)

DO

All other matters except these Ave-such as education, police. hedith, unemployment, and on would go on being managed by the present Goverments of the

Schools' Art Shames R.A.S

Schoolgirls have put to shame the art of once-famous R.A.s, say tho ex-

perts at the Jubilee Exhibition of the Royal Drawing Society.

Their paintings, now on view in the Guildhall, are said to be "alive with the spirit of movement," whereas those of such masters as... Sir John Millais, which hang on the walls of the Guildhall, are now considered "dull and stationary.""

The four paintings of horses which have won the President's prize for 15-year-old Deva Cayzer, daughter of Sir Charles Cayzer, MP, have a single line or a small blot to represent a hoot, or no hooves at all. Her' Jockeys caps are a pink smudge, their faces and hands non-existent.

And yet modern experts, consider her paintings masterly, truer to the rhythm and poetry of action than a photograph.

:

'CONFIRMATION

SERVICE

At 7.20 am, yesterday, 170 young, people were presented for confrma- Lion at the Roman Catholle Cathe dral, to Bishop, H. Valtorta,

ANTI-POLISH, PROPAGANDA

At..

A SMELL OF BURNING

Is

this

the

Fifteen nations

in u

Union of the Free

way out?

BY WILL SHEBBEARE

Afteen countries. A Parliament There would govern the Union. would be a House of Deputies with one M.F. for every million inhabl- tants.

This would give Britain 47 M.P.5, United States 126, France 42, Canada 11, Holland and Belgium 8 each, and so on.

MP.& would be elected every three years. They would have to be at least 25 years old.

There would also be a Benate or Upper House. It would be there to see that the small countries were not buliled by the big ones.

Each country would have two seats in the Senate-except that Britain and France would have four each and the United States

The would have 10.

amailer countries would be in a majority. Benators would have to be over 30 years of age, and would be elected for eight years.

FOR the most part Mr. Strelt has made this Constitution as much like the American Constitution as possible. But there would be no President of the Union of the Free, Instead there would be a Board of Five. Members of it would have to be over 35; and one would be elected each year to take the place of one retiring member. To be-

come law a Bul would have to be

tho passed by

Deputies, the Senators and a majority of the Board of Five.

The Board would delegato a great deal of its power to a Prime Minister and Cabinat.

There would be a High Court to Bottle all the legal troubles of the Union.

UNDER the big contral Farliament, the ordin ary Parliamenta of the fifteen countries would carry on very much as they do now. France, United States, Finland and, Switzerland would be allowed to keep their Presidents. The rest tiseir would keep

Kings

and Queena.

Britain would be expected to hand over her colonies (includ- ing India), to be governed by the Union. So would France.

There

Is nothing to complain about in this, says Clarence K. Streit, be- cause America would also be making her sacrifices for the Union, such as handing Over her big gold reserve to the Union treasury.

Why only afteon democracies? you may ask; why not ton or seventeon or twenty-eight?

Clarenco K. Strelt thinks that the number might be changed. In

GRIN AND BEAR IT

JOTOM

보다

By Lichty

"I'm not inforested in the prico! How much is the fut

payment?"

any case 'other democracies (de- mocracles. note, not dictator- ships) would be allowed to come In once the plan got going.

Mr. Streft thinks the advantages of membership would be so great that there would soon be a long queue waiting to come in. It would help to reduce the number of die- tatorships.

He picks on his fifteen for the following reasons:----

"Language divides them into only five big groups, and for all. practical purposes into only two, English and French.

"Their combined citizenry of nearly 300,000,000 is well-balanced. -half in Europe and half overscas,

"Together these Bfteen own al-- most half the earth, rule all its oceana, govern nearly half man-- kind.

"They da two-thirds of the

world's trade, and most of this would be called their domestic. ́trade once they united," for "it"fa"

among themselves.

Thoy possess practically all the world's gold and banked wealth.

*Their existing armed strength. is such that once they united it they could radically reduce their armaments.

"The facts aro: Fifteen de- mocracles together practically own. this earth, and they do not know it. Each of these democracies was made to secure precisely the same object, the freedom of man, and they all forget it.”

MOST people, says Mr. Strelt, think it enough: for these Afteen demo- pracles to get together in a League. But Leagues are no good,” he argues, Öno little State can spike any proposal, ho...ever good, by- refusing to agree.

But in a Union the States them- selves do not count. Everything is decided by a majority vote of alt the citizens.

How are we to get Union? "The way not to get it," he says, "is to think, 'This idea of Union to all right, and I'm for it. But what's the use of my doing anything about it?!*.....

Ho wants to form a World: Unionist Party to campaign for the Idea. All people who bellavo In Union in the fifteen democracies-- ought to meet for a great conter- ence to thrash out`a programme.

Ets winto a “posiçazd ̈ plebiscite." He suggeste that Union men should write a postcard overy day for a. week to their M.P. or Mr. Chain- berlain or. President Labrum.or. gonizing else of importance se}}- ing them to got busy on founding:

Union.

He thinks that President Rossa-- velt could call a corïference of all the fifteen Governmenta to disguss such a Unión; and that it would. be difficult for any Goverrimeart te/ refuse such an invitation.

Well, there in the: Streit būvm put baldly, with neither praise- nox blame. What'do you matre sí. It?

("Puditshed by Jonathan Cope..

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