1939-05-24 — Page 34

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, MAY 24, 1939.

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To-day is Empire Day Here is the story of the-

BRITISH EMPIRE

THE British Empire was founded in its

beginning not on land, but on sea..

It was our seamen, not our soldiers, Who first planted the flag in far countries, and who, were the first of their race to un-- roll the map of the world, so great a part of which is now called Britain Beyond the - Seas..

Even now the Empire depends not a little for its prosperity and its safety upon British seamen; one-third the trade of the whole world is carried in British ships.

Not only a large proportion of the Empire's wealth depends upon those great merchant fleets, but the food supplies of the mother country, and- therefore our very lives and the continued oxis- tence of the Empire itself, are subject to the safe- guarding of British merchant ships by British battleships in time of war.

It was by obtaining the supre- macy of the sen that our fore- fathers were able to build up the

ing that supremacy that we and our descendants may alone hold

Hongkong Telegraph. Empire; and it is by maintain-

Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 May 24, 1939

Triple Entente

A

FTER THE lull which followed the British and Frencis guarantees to Poland, Rumania, Greece and Turkey, events are again hurrying forward in Europe.

On Monday came the news of the signing of the Halo-German military alllance. Yesterday came confirma- tion of the new milltary agreement between Great Britain. France and

it,

ness of the earth, there might be a shorter way to Cathay (or China) and the Indies by sailing straight out into the West of Europe.

When he settled down in Bristol somewhere about the year 1401, he stirred the Imagination of the Bristol traders into a bellef of a great land across the Atlantic; for, according to the Spanish Ambassador in England, who in 1408 wrote a report of John Cabot to his Government:

boldly and successfully contested by clared against her by Spain, it was British sailors later on.

perfectly well known that Philip II, or the second voyage of John as the head of the greatest Catholle Cabot and his sons there is no ac- Power of Europe, was preparing, at curate record, but it is believed that the bidding of the Pope, to invade he, with his Bristol men, attempted this country with an invincible army, The object of this "great enter- to penetrate to Asia by the North- west, being the first to venture upon prise," as it was called, was to that famous and fabulous "North- dethrone Elizabeth, the Protestant, west passege" to the Indies which to place in her stend Mary Queen of cost so many brave lives to England Scots, the Catholle, and to bring back in after-years.

the English people to the Homan "It is seven years africe those of Finding himself barred by the faith, under the supremacy of the Bristol used to send out every year icefields of the North, he turned

Pope. The first Englishmen Angles, a fleet

Philip, however, hesitated for a Saxons, and Jutes were sea-rovers to feet of two, three, or four coravels southward again, coasting as far down who came with the north-east wind, and the Seven for the Isle of Brazil the North-American shore as Florida, long time before formally declaring

the the

England-"his ličilo falo set in silver sea," na Shakespeare called it is the inheritance of men who were truly "rocked in the cradle of the deep

and they were followed by

Danes, who lived by piracy, and whose captains were sea-kings, hold- ing their titles by right of conquest over wind and wave.

search

ed as falling, they return wor.

fancy of this Gen according to where, Four years after Columbus had set foot in the New World John Cabbi rezolved to go himself in search of undiscovered lands, In 1450 he petitioned Henry VII for permission to take possession of any such countries in the name of England. -

But while Philip was waiting he was not loth that English sallors arriving at Spanish ports should be Jelzed as hereties by his merchant captains and handed over to the Holy Inquisition, to be burned at the stake or imprisoned.

After the voyage, John Cabot disappears from history, and it is presumed he died at Bristol -shortly afterwards. To his son Even when Angles, Saxons, and

Bebastian he bequeathed the Danes had abandoned their sea-llle

memory of his great voyages. to till the rich soil, and to found

Edward VI gave Sebastian a con

So it happened that many a good their rival kingdoms on this good

siderable English, land, the voice of the sca

calary an Royal Chiel Pilot merchant ship setting out from Dept- King Henry, having lost his op-

and afterwards he became Governor ford or Bideford or Dartmouth never was still in their cats, their pulses portunity wil Columbus, was glad of the Company of Merchant Adven- came home again, and many good still beat to the tune of the surf of this new chance of extending his turers, formed for the discovery of women had cause to mourn their breaking upon our rugged coasts, and dominion to new lands beyond the

new countries and the development husbands, sons, or sweethearts who they were kept hard and tough by seas, and duly sent his Royal patent of English trade with foreign parts, had been captured by Spanish ships, As a result of these developmental the cold, keen winds booming over to Master John Cabot, of Bristol City he promoted the famous voyage of

It was when he held that office that or in Spanish ports. holt and headland.

Fierce petitions for redress were Chancellor to discover a way to the Ministers. Elizabeth, Sir Hugh Willoughby and Richard sent to Queen Elizabeth and her Enat through Iceland and Greenland. entire sympathy, did not feel hersels although in This expedition laid the founda- "tit for tat" to Spain. Spain was too in a strong enough position to give tions of a great commerce between powerful for open defiance. Russia and England which has been steadily maintained from that day to this.

Russia.

the world is now exactly where it was twenty-five years ago.

The Triple Entente, which died with the Russian Revolution in 1017, is alive again.

ment.

SCO-

would provide some of the cost of Doubtless he had hoped that Henry the expedition, but generosity was not the strong point of the English King, and in this expectation Cahang

of the

IT was probably in May of five boats with John Cabot's flag-

following-year-that-a-ttle-fleet Why England-Was-

Afraid To Fight

On the other hand, if her private subjects cared to risk their lives and ships in revenge of private wrongs, she was quite ready to turn a blled eye to any such action, especially if they gave her some shore of any plunder they might obtain.....

With or without her consent there were men in England prepared to The Protestant gentlemen

wrongs."

It is strange, therefore, our country men should have been behind-hand at first in tracking their way to un- known oceans and should have let scamen of other nations lead the way disappointed. and put new lands--new worlds almost-upon their charts before The pre-war Central European

they themselves were quickened info Alliance, which collapsed when Italy the desire for similar discoveries. tore up her treaty with Germany and It is strange that for several hun

dreds of years until the approach of Austria and 'come in on the side of that wonderful sixteenth

century

ship, the Matthew, left the Port of the Allies, has been revived with the which was to be the Golden Age of Bristol and, in the words of Kingsley's song, "went sailing out into the West." signing of the Italo-German Agree. England, the spirit of

manship seemed to be al

Sailing continually with the North A YEAR later, in 1657, he died, and to this day la namo and Although King Alfred, who te justly Star on his right hand," he at last Not a few people believe that, it called the Father of the English struck new land, since identified by theory for his own sake and for we revenge, of such importable war comes to Europe, history will Navy, had been quick to realise that most nuthorities as that part of North the sake of his still greater father, of England, Inspired by their hatred

are the pride of Bristol, in which city repeat itself as regards Italy's the "sca was England's "first line of America which we now call Now he lived for the greater part of his of Catholic Spath, were eager enough

defence" and had built and manned foundland. Here he planted the finge

to Aght, scuttle, or capture any of England, the first English flag to te Istions with Germany. Mussolini a little dect of battleships, his example be set up in the New World or

To Bristol men, indeed, belongs the English const without waiting for any

Spanish ship that

that ventured near the has shown himself even

was speedily forgotten by those who less D

ho any colony beyond the seas, and took greatest honour of having been the formal declaration of war. followed him, and England had no y repecter of treaties than his pre-Royal Navy even when Henry VIII possession on behalf of King Henry first to sail from an English port

VII.

across the Atlantic to the New World Among the old families of the west decessore, as witness the fact that he first came to the throne, and the dawn.

Then he sailed southwards for the spirit of English seamanship for its firmest hold, it became a fashion- for and of having done most to arouse coast, where Protestantism had taken broke his pledge to the League of the darkness of the Middle Ages.

of modem England broke through

able thing for the younger sons to st Nations regarding Abyssinia, his

the discovery of unknown lands.

So far, it must be admitted, their out small and to patrol the Eng- well victualled and pledge to the Non-Intervention Com- Quest For Riches

success, such as it was, could not fish Channel and the Irish Sea in

well armed, compare with that gained by the search of Spanish merchant ships. Spaniards and the Portuguese.

During the half-century that fol- Dartmouth,

From Bideford, lowed the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, Spain had firmly established her Colonial Em

mittee regarding Spain, his pledge

to Britain regarding the status quo

In Unknown Seas

in the Mediterranean, and his pledge ENGLAND, however, was never to Albania to protect the integrity of that unfortunate country.

the

renowned.

sex.

stuffs,'

"three hundred leagues" along country inhabitated by natives who used needles for making nets and snares for catching game,

On his return Cabot sighted "two large and fertile islands" on the starboard; since conjectured to be one of the Newfoundland promontories and a part of the mainland.

were,

net and in

Dire

Mexico

She had conquered and Pers, and the Isthmus of Panama was a highway, scross which passed continually car vans laden with gold and precious stones, to be carried home to Spain by great galleons,

In those 50 years many prosperous

1

Bude,

Clovelly,

Exmouth, Plymouth, in Regis, and many another

Weal country port, the Trelawneys, the Staffords and Carews, the Champer- nownes, the Hawkinses and the Cob- hams,

the Strangeways and the Seymoure--men of good birth and good reputo-called out in search of adventure, plunder, and rovenge against "the dogs of Spain."

without her sailors. In Devon and Cornwall, along the south const and the east, there was always a Austria to-day would, as in 1914, hardy race of fisherfolk who knew

John Cabot and his Bristol men, although they had not found any the secrets be Germany's ally since, as a part

of the

towns, cities, or castles" to "subdue, And when, after foreign and civil occupy, and possess," as enumerated of the Greater Relch, she would have wars, plagues and peasant rebellions, with so much solemnity in the Royal no choice but to go to war. Similarly, and the tyrannies of ururping kings, warrant,

nevertheless, well dismembered

the of English provinces

people began to find some pleased, and had a right to be well measure of liberty, peace, and pro- pleased with the success of their Czecho-Slovakia, and probably quasi-sperity, a goodly trade with foreign mission. independent Slovakia, would also ports was bullt up.

They had planted the English dag colonies had been planted in South T was a rough and cruel age, and fight against the Triple Entente.

Merchant ships sailed from Eng on the coast of Northern America America, governed by the nobility If the Spaniards wore gulity of It is another question, however, Bordeaux, to Venice and Genoa, and East Indies) and John Cabot declared wealth of spices, fruits, and gold to not one whit more gentle in exacting 11sh ports to Cork, to Antwerp, lo (which they still believed to be the of Spain, and sending home enormous barbarous deeds, the English were whether Austrians and Czechs would other markets of Europe,

with himself abundantly satisfied with the the mother country.

punishment. Ught willingly for Germany. It is "Frankish, wools" from London and produce of the waters, stating that English could calm but little for Antwerp to Cadiz, with 40 Inquisitlon Against such success as this the A Spanish vessel bound from Norwich; .with "Suffolk interesting to recall that Czecho-village medleys," kerseys of all taken both with the

the sea was full of naly which were

vero themselves.

prisoners on board, was chased and Slovakian independence was born of colours and all manner of fuatians baskets weighted with a stone and It was not until Elizabeth.came to captured by one of the Cobhams. He the Great War and that, long before and cloths for which England became that, in a word, so much stack fish the throne in 1658 and a new sense took off the prisoners, sank the ship, they had a country, the Czechs had).

could be brought thence that Eng of patriotiem stirred the hearts of and, sowing up the Spanish captain But even then our merchant sea- land would have no further need of Englishmen that our seamen challeng and crow In their own mainsall, a Government and an army.

ed lie might of Spain, and by their flung them into the sea. men kept to the well-known sea- its old commerce with Iceland. The Triple Entente should have a tracks between their own island and Ten Little Ships

daring and adventurous, spirit made

Despite protests from Philip, sobering effect in Europe. He would profitable exchange for English car- the European ports. Good money or

no.. scruple, and, their nation the greatest sea-power Elizabeth made of the world.

Indeed, showed considerable, anxiety, indeed be a brave dictator who will goes, was all they sought, and as yet

When she came to the throno the to receive the lion's share of the rich now challenge the might of the three It never entered their heads to plungo

Royal Navy of England was hardly spolis captured from the great Power great nations who, when the new pact

chance of th gall strong enough to attack the well with whom outwardly she Was at armed Spanish galleons with any релее. conceded by Britain is signed, will

must remember that It was the Portuguese and Spaniards old English scaport, and indeed, in In the service of the Crown there although England form an irresistible combination on who were first daring enough to set the whole nation........

were only seven revenue cruisers in Wardly at war with Spain, Philip the sea, the land, and in the air.

out upon voyages of discovery to find King Henry was highly pleased commission, the largest of them no II was plotting against the ille ond out what lay upon the other side of and sent him a What effect the proposed Alliance the great Atlántié,

sum of money more than 120 tons, and eight mer- crown of England's Queen, and his "wherewith to amuse himself," and chant brigs altered for fighting per- subjects were burning, hanging, rob will have on future: Japanese policy Carried Our Flag

promised that in the spring he should poses In the dockyards of Deptford bin, and Imprisoning English seamen remains to be seen. It is an e-

have ten ships aimed to his order, and Plymouth there were about 20 whenever they could do so with safety. couraging fact, from Japan's point.of

and any number of prisoners, except rotten old ships which had been built to themselves, view, that the proposed pact does not

those confined for high treason, to by Henry VIII when the French hatt Therefore, state of war did extend to Russla's eastern frontiers, JOHN CABOT was, a Genoese py

threatened an invasion of this coun- actually exist between the and there can be no reason for Japan birth, but before soffing In Eng- Ambassadors were greatly put out by dismantled of their artillery.

and Portuguese ry, but no longer seaworthy, and nations, although their Governments still kept up a vain's protence of to suppose that the pact is directed land he had been a citizen of Venice. these enterprises, and wrote lengthy These Men Built

friendliness, and we cannot blame the against her in any way, Japan, Not much is known of his early life, letters on the subject to their respec-

Elizabethan ecumed for taking the doubtless, will give full consideration but he la described as a maker of live Governments

law into their own hands.

On Great Voyage

where there might be greater riches. Cabat found himself a hero as the into unknown seas for now lands ON his return to Bristol Master

To The New World

man his feet.

The Spanish

Already, Spain was jealous of any British Sea Power

colonies being

ono

was not outy

LWO

to the fact that any decision on bacharts and maps, coveries of new part to join the Rome-Berlin military trader to the East, and it was at made by the other nations, and corNGLAND at this time was at a mained in the same condition as when

At one time le travelled as à axis will most likely lead,- however, Mecca, when he was buying apices, sidered that the Spanish dag: alone "critical and dangerous epoch of Philip of Spain's "Invincible Armada... to an extension of the Triple Entente from the East, the idea Arst came had a right to dont over the New her history. 1to the Far East. --

I to him that, on necount of the zound-: „World-a, claim which was to be Although war had not yet been de

It was a good thing for England that they did so. Had the Navy re- Elizabeth Arst came to the throne PLEASE Tum To Page 7,0