1939-05-24 — Page 20

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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, MAY 24, 1939.

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To-day is Empire Day

Here is the story of the

BRITISH

EMPIRE

THE

HE British Empire was founded in its beginning not on land, but on sea.

It was our seamen, not our soldiers, who first planted the flag in far countries, and who were the first of their race to un- roll the map of the world, so great a part of which is now called Britain Beyond the Seas.

Even now the Empire depends not a little for its prosperity and its safety upon British seamen; one-third the trade of the whole world is carried in British ships.

Not only a large proportion of the Empire's wealth depends upon those great merchant fleets, but the food supplies of the mother country, and therefore our very lives and the continued exis- tence of the Empire itself, are subject to the safe- guarding of British merchant ships by British battleships in time of war.

It was by obtaining the supre-ness of the earth, there might be a boldly and successfully contested by

shorter way to Cathay (or China) British sallors later on. macy of the sea that our fore- and the Indies by sailing straight out of the second voyage of John fathers were able to build up the into the West of Europe. ing that supremacy that we and our descendants may alone hold

Hongkong Telegraph. Empire; and it is by maintain-

Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 May 24, 1939

it.

When he setled down in Bristol somewhere about the year 1401, he traders into belief of a great land stirred the imagination of the Bristol across the Atlantic; for, according to England-"his tile isle net in the Spanish Ambassador in England, a silver sea," as Shakespeare who in 1498 wrote a report of John

Cabot to his Government: called it is the inheritance of men who were truly "rocked In

"It is seven years since those of the cradle of the deep."

Bristol used to

three, or four caravels The first Englishmen-Angles, a fleet of two, three, out every year Saxons, and Jutes were sca-rovers to go and search for the Isle of Brazil AFTER TILE lull which followed who caine with the north-east wind, and the Seven Cities, according to

and they were

followed by and Four years after Columbus bad

fancy of this Genoese." Danes, who lived by piracy, and whose captains were sea-kings, hold- ing their tities by right of conquest over wind and wave.

Triple Entente

the British and French guarantees to Poland, Rumania, Greece and Turkey, events are again hurrying forward in Europe.

Russia.

clared against her by Spain, it was perfectly well known that Philip II, as the head of the greatest Catholle Cabot and his sons there is no ne- Power of Europe, was preparing, at curate record, but it is believed that the bidding of the Pope, to invade he, with his Bristol men, attempted this country with an invincible army. The object of this "great enter- west, being the first to venture upon prise," as it was called, was to Protestant, to penetrate to Asin by the North- that famous and fabulous "North- dethrone Elizabeth, the west passage" to the Indies which to place in her stead Mary Queen of cost so many brave lives to England Scots, the Catholic, and to bring back the English people to the Roman in after-years.

Finding himself barred by the faith, under the supremacy of the Philip, however, hesitated for a southward again, coasting as far down icefields of the North, he turned the North-American shore as Florida, long time before formally declaring ed to England. where provisions falling, they return wat

Pope.

But while Philip was walling he was lot loth that English sallors arriving at Spanish ports should be seized as heretics by his merchant captalus and handed over to the Holy Inquisition, to be burned at the stake. or Imprisoned.

So

After the voyage, Jolin Cabol disappears from history, and it set foot in the New World John Cabot

resolved to to himself in is presumed he died at Bristol shortly afterwards. To his son search of undiscovered lands.

Sebastian he bequeathed the In Even when Angles, Saxons, and 1400 be petitioned Henry VII-

memory of his great voyages. permission to take possession

Edward VI gave Sebastian a con- On Monday me the news of the Danes had abandoned their sea-life for

It happened that many a good. signing of the Itato-German military to till the rich sell, and to found of any such countries in the name

siderable salary as Royal Chief Pilot merchant ship setting out from Dept- their rival kingdoms on this good of England.

and afterwards he became Governor ford or Bideford or Dartmouth never alliance. Yesterday came confirma-English land, the voice of the sea King Henry, having lost his op-

of the Company of Merchant Adven- came home again, and many good tion of the new military agreement was still in their cars, their puises portunity with Columbus, was glad turers, formed for the discovery of women had cause to mourn their still beat to the tune of the surf of this new chance of extending his new countries and the development husbands, sons, or sweethearts who between Great Brliais, France and breaking upon our rugged coasts, and dominion to new lands beyond the of English trade with foreign parts. had been captured by Spanish ships,

they were kept hard and tough by seas, and duly sent his Royal patent

It was when he held that office that or in Spanish ports.

of Fierce petitions for redress were holt and headland.

Doubtless he had hoped that Heary Sir Hugh Willoughby and Richard IL

therefore, our country would provide some of the cost of Chancellor to discover a way to the Ministers. strange

Elizabeth,

although in men should have been behind-hand the expedition, but generosity was not

This expedition laid the foundatit for tat" to Spain. Spain was too

in a at first in tracking their way to un- the strong point of the English King, East through Iceland and Greenland, entire sympathy, did not feel herself strong enough position to give und in this expectation Cabot was known oceans and should have let

tions of a great commerce between powerful for open defiance. scamen of other nations lead the way disappointed.

Russia and England which has been and put new lands new worlds

steadily maintained from that day to almost upon their charts before

this. The pre-wir Central European they themselves were quickened into Alliance, which collapsed when Italy the desire for similar discoveries.

strange -that-for-several-

-hun- tore up her treaty with Germany

of years until the approach of Austria and came in on the side of that wonderful sixteenth century which was to be the Golden Age of

As a result of these- developments the cold, keen winds booming over io Master John Cabot, of Bristol City. he promoted the famous voyage sent to Queen Elizabeth and her

the world is now exactly where it was twenty-five years ago.

The Triple Entente, which died with the Russian Revolution in ID17, is alive again.

and

of the

IT was probably in May

following year that a little fleet Why England Was

"of five boats with John Cabol's flag-- ship, the Matthew, left the Port of Bristol and, in the words of Kingsley's

the Ailles, has been revived with the England, the spirit of English sea- song, "went salling out into the West."

aigning of the Italo-German Agree- ment.

manship seemed to be sleeping.

Afraid To Fight

and

On the other hand, if her private subjects cored to risk their lives and ships in revenge of private wrongs, she was quite ready to turn a blind eye to any such

-action, especially-if- they gave her some share of any plunder they might obtain.

With or without her consent there

were men in England prepared to wrongs." The Protestunt gentlemen

Sailing continually with the North A YEAR later, in 1557, he died, and

10 this day his name Not a few people believe that, if called the Father of the English struck new land, since identifed by the sake of his still greater father, of England, inspired by their hatred Although King Alfred, who is justly Star on his right hand," be at last memory, for his own sake and for "scek revenge of such importable war comes to Europe, history win Navy, had been quick to realise that most authorities as that part of North are the pride of Bristol, in which city of Catholic Spain, were eager enough

has

tho

any

vii.

in

Then he salied southwards for three hundred leagues" along a country Inhabilated by natives who used needles for making nets and anares for catching game,

he lived for the greater part of his To Bristol men, Indeed, belongs the

first to mail from an English port

the spirit of English scomust and of having done most to arouse scamanship for the discovery of

So far, it must be admitted, their such as it was, could not success,

Innds.

America which we now call New of sea was England's "first line

to fight, scuttle, or capture any foundland. Here he planted the flag ife. repeat itself as regards Italy's re-defence" and had built and munned of England, the first English flag to

English coast without waiting for any Spanish ship that ventured near the example lations with Germany. Mussolini a title feet of battleships, his

was speedily forgotten by those who be set up in the New World or

colony beyond the seas, and toole greatest honour of having been the formal declaration of 'war. shown himself even less

followed him, and England had no repecter of treaties than his pre- Royal Navy even when Henry VIII Possesion on behalf of King Henry across the Atlantic to the New World decessors, ns witness the fact that he first came to the throne, and the dawn of modern England broke through broke his pledge to the League of the darkness of the Middle Ages. Nations regarding Abyssinia, his pledge to the Non-Intervention Com- Quest For Riches mittee regarding Spain, his pledge to Britnin regarding the status quo In the Mediterranean, and his pledge to Albania to protect the integrity of that unfortunate country.

In Unknown Seas

never Devon

NGLAND, however, was without her sailors. In and Cornwall, along the south coast and the cast, there was always a burdy race of fisherfolk who knew the secrets of the

sen.

compare with that gained by the Spanlards and the Portuguese.

the Hawkinses and the Čob- the Strangeways and the Seymours men of good birth and good repute sailed but in search of adventure, plunder, and revenge against "the dogs of Spain."

Among the old families of the west coust, where Protestantian had taken its armest hold, it became a fashion- able thing for the younger sons to fit out small ships, well victualied and lish Channel and the Irish Sea In well armed, and to patrol the Eng-. search of Spanish merchant ships. On his return Cabot sighted "two large and fertile islands” on

During the half-century that fol- From Bideford, Bude, Clovelly, the starboard, since conjectured

lowed the discovery of America by Lyme Regis, and many another West- Dartmouth, Exmouth, Plymouth, to be one of the Newfoundland

Christopher Columbus, Spain had country port, the Trelawneys, the promontories and

a part

of the

firmly established her Colonial Em- Staffords and Carews, the Champer- mainland.

pire. John Cabot and his Bristol_men,

She had conquered Mexico Austrin to-day would, as in 1914,

although they had not found any

and Peru, and the Isthmus of "towns, cities, or castles" to "subduc,

Panama was a highway RCTOSS be Germany's ally since, as a part

And when, after foreign and civil occupy, and possess," as enumerated

which passed continually cara- of the Greater Reich, she would have wars, plagues and peasant rebellions, with so much solemnity in the Royal

vans laden with rold and precious no choice but to go to war. Similarly, and the tyrannics of usurping kings, warrant,

nevertheless, well

stones, to be carried home to the English people began to find some pleased, and had a right to be well

Spain dismembered provinces the

by great galleons. measure of liberty, peace, and pro- pleased with the success of their Czecho-Slovakia, and probably quasi-sperity, a goodly trade with foreign mission.

In those 50 years many prosperous Independent Slovakia, would also ports was built up.

They had planted the English flag colonies had been planted in South T was a rough and cruet age, and Merchant ships safted from Eng- on the coast of Northern America America, governed by the nobility if the Spaniards were guilty of the English were fight against the Triple Entente. lsh ports to Cork, to Antwerp, to (which they still believed to be the of Spain, and sending home enormous barbarous deeds,

punishment, It is another question, however, Bordeaux, to Venice and Genoa, and East Indies) and John Cabot declared wealth of oplets, fruits, and gold to not one whit more gentle in exacting

of Europe, whother Austrians and Czecha would other markets

with himself abundantly satisfied with the the mother country,

Against such success as this the A Spanish vessel bound from fight willingly for Germany. It 18/"Frankish wools" from London and produce of the waters, stating that English could claim but little for Antwerp to Cadiz, with 40 Inquisition

Norwich; with "Suffolk stuffs, the sea was full of fish which were themselves.

prisoners on board, was chased and interesting to recall that Czecho-village medleys," kerseys of all taken both with the net and in Slovakian Independence was born of colours and all manner of fustions baskets weighted with a stone and the Great War and that, long before and cloths for which England became that, in a word, so much stock fish

renowned.

could be brought thence that Eng they had a country, the Czechs had But even then our merchant sca- land would have no further need of a Government and an army.

men kept to the well-known sca- its old commerce with Iceland.

of

...

were,

On Great Voyage

It was not until Elizabeth came to captured by one of the Cobitams. He the throne in 1058 and a new sense look off the prisoners, sank the ship. of patriotism stirred the hearts of and, sewing up the Spanish captain Englishmen that our seamen chaileng and crew in their own mainsall, ed the might of Spain, and by their flung them into the sea,

Despite -protesta darlog and adventurous spirit made

from Philip, their nation the greatest sea-power Elizabeth made no scruple, and, The Triple Entente should have a tracks between their own Island and Ten Little Ships

of the world. the European ports. Good money or

indeed, showed considerable auxiety, sobering effect in Europe. He'would profitable exchange for English car-

When she came to the throne the to receive the lion's share of the rich Royal Navy of England was hardly spoils captured from the great Power Indeed be a brave dictator who will Koes was all they sought, and as yet it never entered their heads to plunge

strong enough to attack the well- with whom outwardly she was at now challenge the might of the three into unknown seas for new lands

N his return to Bristol, Master armed Spanish gallcons with any peace

Cabot found himself a hero in the chance of victory.

that great nations who, when the new pact where there might be greater richen.

But one must remember. In the service of the Crown there although England was not out- conceded by Billain is algned, will It was the Portuguese and Spaniards old English sepport, and indeed, in

were only seven revenue cruisers in wardly at war with Spain, Philip form an irresistible combination on who were first daring enough to set the whole nation.

out upon voyages of discovery to find King Henry was highly pleased commission; the largest of them no II was plotting against the life and Uie sea, the land, and in the air. out what lay upon the other side of and sent him a sum of money more than 120 tons, and eight mer- crown of England's Queen, and its

What affect the proposed Alliance] the great Atlantic..

"wherewith to amuse himself, and chant briga altered for fighting pur subjects were burning, hanging, sob promised that in the spring he should poses. In the dockyards of Deptford bing, and imprisoning English seamen will have on future Japanese policy Carried Our Flag

have ten ships armed to his order, and Plymouth there were about 20 whenever they could do so with safety and any number of prisoners, except by Henry VIII when the French had Therefore a state of war did

except rotten old ships which had been bulit to themselves. those confined for high treason, to threatened an invasion of tits couts actually exist between the two

and

unge try, but no longer seaworthy, and hallons, although their Governnienta The Spanish

Portuguese dismantled of their artillery.

still kept up a vain protence of Ambassadors were greatly put out by

Irlandiiness und we cannot blame the these enterprises, and wrote lengthy These Men Built

Elizabethan seamen for taking the law, into their own hands. letters on the subject to their respon

To The New World

man his fleets

remains to be seen. It is an en- couraging fact, from Japan's point of view, that the proposed pact does not extend to Russia's eastern frontiers, TOHN CABOT was a Genoese by and there can be no reason for Japan birth, but before settling in Eng- to suppose that the pact is directed land he had been a citizen of Venice, against her in any way, Japan, Not much is known of his early life, doubtless, will give full consideration but he is described as hmaker of five Governments, to the fact that any decision on her charts and maps Already, Spain was Jenious of any British Sei Power

hat one time he travelled as a discoveries of new colonies being part to join the Rome-Berlin military trader to the East, and it was at made by the other basin alone uxis will most likely lead, however, Mecca, when he was buying spices sidored that the Spanish flag to an extension of the Triple Entente from the East," the Ides first came had a right to float over the New her history,

World-claim which was to be to the Far East,

to him that, on account of the round-

TANGLAND at the time was at

a

critical and dangerous epoch of

Although wer had not yai been des

It was a good thing, for. England. that they did so. Had the Navy TO- mained in the same condition as when Elizabeths first came to the throns Philip of Spain's “Invincible Armada !? PLEASE Tum To Page 5..

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