1939-05-16 — Page 30

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, TUESDAY, MAY 16, 1089,-

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SEE

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DEATHI

SETH, At Manly, N.S.W. on May 13, 1939, Nelle, beloved wife of 5. A. Seth. (Shanghai papers please copy).

The

we

This is country pledged

P

OLAND is Europe's sixth largest

country, barring Russia.

The

32,000,000 citizens of the Polish

Republic are not all Poles.

are

The Poles form 70 per cent. of the Dopulation. Nineteen

cent. per Ukrainians, 8 per cent. Jews, 3 per cent. Germans, and there are oddments-Rus- sians, Czechs, Slovake,

The Polish-Ukrainians aro jealous of the Poles dominating position, just as the Slovaks envied the Czechs. They speak a Slav language, similar to Polish, but with many differences. They are Orthodox Churchmen. The Poles are Roman Catholics.

Many accuse the Poles of having deliberately tried to destroy Ukrainian culture. When Ukrainian M.P.s propose local autonomy in the Polish Parlia- ment they are called traitors.

The Ukrainian agitation was stimulated after Munich by the emergence of a quasi-indepen- dent State of Carpatho-Ukraine (formerly known as Ruthenia) at the tail end of the late Czecho-

Hongkong Telegraph. Slovakia

'Phone 26615 May 16, 1939

Ideology WHAT is the meaning of

ti

#

the

are

to fight for

"Poland, to live, has to balance between Germany and Russia."

LAPUTA

FOYSENA.

WARSAW

ROLANA

JESCHEN

HUNDARY

AINE

RUŇANIA

the Czechs

for Polish independence during.. the war.

They are called "The Colonels" Club." Colonel Beck is one, al- though he was a sergeant In tho legion.. Marahal Smigly-Rydz,. Commander-in-Chief of the army, and virtual dictator of Poland, is another.

BECK'S polley has

favoured Germany since Hitler's shadow foll Europe. His principle was that the best way to handle your enemy is to make a friend of him. But oven Colonel Beck and certainly the marshal have abandoned this now.

to bo

pro-

Most Poles hate the Germans. Some violently, like the Polish land, tried to seize the Russian Western Leaguers, who want to Ukraine without success. He out-Hitler Hitler, and annex.the grabbed Vilna from the Lithua- half-million-odd Poles living in ninns and took Upper Silesia Germany. from the Germans by plebiscite. The army officers trained by

the French tend The Polish cagle became a vul- French. Also the intellectuals ture again at the break-up of and peasanta. But, above all. When Hitler made a ten-year Czecho-Slovakia. It retook Tes-

every Pole is wildly pro-Polish. stole

France and Poland signed a This fragment was a rallying non-aggression pact with Colonel chen which

treaty in 1921. It aimed at fit- Wyndham St., Hongkong-point for nationally minded Beck in 1934 he put the Corridor from them after the war.

The Poles are a proud, brave, ting Poland into France's ring Ukrainians in Poland and Rug- problem in cold storage till 1944.

tenacious race. Compared with round Germany, but Colonel sia. German propaganda en. But he abrogated that pact. couraged them to hope for Perhaps he did not think the Western Europe they are socially Beck's policy hamstrung the Ukrainian State,

would settle with Austria and backward. Outside the big cities treaty. Czechoslovakia

As for the Russians, the Poles so quickly. pensant and landlord live in an

distrust them as much as they IN the confusion after Anyway, the present German nimost feudal relationship.

the great war, a denunciations of the "brutal- Aristocratic magnates own 60 do Germans. They do not-for- Ukrainian State actually had ities" auffered by the German per cent. of the land. The pea- get that Bolsheviks once knock- existed, briefly. Ukrainians in minority have an unpleasantly sant, while gathering the wealth ed at the doors of Warsaw after Poland and Russia declared their reminiscent ring.

'from his master's soll, is lucky the war.

Polund, to live, has to balance independence, only to be crushed

It has been suggested that to cat meat a few times a year. by the Poles and Bolsheviks res. Hitler will do a deal with the The peasants are three-quarters between Germany and Russia. pectively.

They are largely If Germany and Russia fight Poles. In return for the Corri of Poland.

followers of Witos, peasant each other, Poland is the battle- The hope was dimmed again dor he would drive an alterna-

leader who, before he was exiled, sea the Carpatho-Ukraine recently, through Lithuania. But that is was a leading figure in Polish po friends, they might decide to But it still burns fiercely in rumour,

divide Poland between them, as many Ukrainian hearts and

Witos returned to Poland-a they did once before in the makes an embarrassing problem POLAND herself has not sign that the Poles want to for- eighteenth century.

a blemish-free record get domestic quarrels now.

A Polish Foreign Minister's front, is not actuated either by Poland's greatest problem as regards land grabbing. Un- Witos was exiled when he life is a nightmare any way you affection for or antagonism to now, however, is the German satisfied with the territories came up against the real rulers look at it. forms of government different minority. It is small, just be- granted at Versailles, Pilsudski, of Poland. They are a set of No wonder Colonel low a million, but fairly com- tough old maker of modern Po- courageous patriots who fought rarely known to smile. pactly situated along the Ger- man frontier and in the Corri- der. It is largely Nazi.

"ideology"--that ugly but powerful word?

Strictly speaking, it is the "science of ideas", but nowadays

it is used to describe the various

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JOHN TAYLEUR" pccontric legmania doncor

all their actions.

Let us be quite clear upon one vital point.. Britain, in trying

when Hungary helped herself to tive Polish outlet to the

to create an anti-aggression for Polish statesmen.

from our own.

The vast majority of British people are indifferent to alien ideologies. The systems favour-

The Corridor was sliced out ed by other peoples have never counted in the direction of of the German cake and given British foreign policy-until to Poland by President Wilson they have threatened the gener- and Clemenceau at Versailles as al liberty.

an outlet to the sea. Without

A hundred years ago Peel it Poland is a land-locked State, denounced the conception of a her overscas commerce at the "war of principles." Canning mercy of her neighbours. scouted the idea that it was In the Corridor lies Danzig. "policy to hold no communion It is a "Free Port" under League except with States which possess free Constitutions."

"Live and let live" is still the British policy.

No British blood or treasure will be spent in supporting or opposing any foreign "ism", but, as Sir John Simon recently said, "Britain will fling all into the scales against the overweening demands of any ambitious tyranny."

Democracy's Pleas

IT IS interesting, In view of Pre

wore:

supervision. Its population. is predominantly German. A Nazi local Government runs it now -under orders from Berlin, not

Geneva.

I

The Poles scem to have reckoned with losing Danzig for some time. They developed the near-by Polish port, Gdynia, with French money.

It now handles more trade than Danzig. Poland has just refused to dis- cuss Danzig with Hitler.

There

FBRUSSELS!

BELGI

1

OLLAND

&

WALA

litics.

field.

If Russia and Germany make

Are The Dutch

Defences

GOVORABLEKUREN STEA

Plans for the military defence of Holland are

being tightened up. This article explains how Dutch military strategy is de- signed to frustrate a surprise attack from Ger- many by mechanised columns in an attempt to over-run the Netherlands in a matter of twenty-four hours.

which stretch 500 miles from Alps to the Dutch border.

Beck in

- AP AT JORDANIE They are garrisoned in new barracks at Crave. Hedel, Heusden, Doesburg, Zutphen, Zwolle, Ravenstein, Bax- meer and other towns.

Within a few hours of an

alarm a front line force of 70,000 would be at the frontler.

The annual number of conscripts has been increased from 19,500 to 32,000 and their period of training has been lengthened from 5% months to 11 months, and it is estimated that out of a total population of only 8,000,000 Holland could on general mobilisation threw an army of over 1,000,000 men into the field.

the

one

on their

In southern Holland the Alver Maús forms a natural defensive line the along the border. But there is no such natural frontier in the north But few people doubt that WHEN Great Britain

80 it before long Danzig will follow

is probable that the northern It addr a further 200 miles to the provinces would be quickly over- threatened by sident Roosevelt's recent plea to

a Napo-existing line of fortifications and run by an invader. leonic invasion litler (so violently rejected by the Memel into Hitler's Reich.

chain of completes the Great Wall of Europe If you take German figures Martello towers was built along bristling with guns to give land pro- the River Yasel to form with

a wall of Reich Fuehrer) to note what Pre-

If this happened the Dutch forces steel and concrete would in all likehood fall back DIL sidents of the United States have the population of the notorious our castern and southern coast."

tection to the Western domocracies forces along the River Maas said before at vital points in his Corridor is mostly Gernun. The tory.

straight defensive line from the Poles place the German popula-similar line of small pill-box forts

The Dutch are to-day completing a "gainst Germany. Outstanding occasions of inter- tion as low as 10 per cent.

The first move to remove facing Germany along their eastern temptation that Hitler might have to

any south of Holland to Zuyder Zee. vention in world politics for peace,

frontier.

• Dutch troops, who might be too True figures are difficult to which we quote from a recent issue

attack through Holland came from far north to join this line would es- of the London "News Chronicle" establish on any Central Euro- Some 40 of them have been bullt. Dutch citizens of the eastern pro- cape across the northern causeway

pean frontier because the fron-Equipped with artillery, anti-tank Vinees who looked across their fron- of the Zuyder Zee.

tier and saw the Germans buliding In the event of the pill-box line 1905. Theodore Roosevelt during tier fringe is bilingual. Its lan-guns and machine guns they com- or and the Russo-Japanese War sent a note guage changes with its masters. the German frontier and tire bridges the Duch Government to give them oldest and

mand the main roads leading from masters of frontler towns petitioned on Amsterdam and call

and new roads. Burgo-breaking the Dutch would retreat to the two Powers concerned. At Many Poles who swear they across the rivers Moas and Vasel

most trusted ally-the his suggestion they met at Ports cannot speak Gerinan would be- which flow parallel to the frontier. protection. mouth, New Hampshire, and dis come flucnt German speakers if 1906.-Conference called by Pre-Hitler took them. The contrary sident Theodore Roosevelt. German is true as well.

The Dutch opened the dykes to the ces against the troops of Spain in and French Governments discussed

The Dutch Government decided the Ume of William the Silent, at Algeciras" the question of

THE Poles have a good

that the bast they could do was to against the French when Willam of Morocco, Pence, which had been in

- historical claim to the

Prepare against the dreaded surprise Orange ruled, and to-day the Dutch the balance, wits preserved. | Corridor. It was a Polish pro-

attack, and provide just enough tire people are prepared if necessary to 1914-At the outset of the war, vince for hundreds of years bo-

some fortifications to hold up an open them against the Germans. President Wilson tendered his ser

invader until outalde help came from There are plans in existence which Belgium, France or Britain for the cari be put into effect in three hours vices for mediation at onea or at any fore the Germans took it more

The river bridges are already Dutch cannot believe that Britain to blow up dykes and sea walls to future Ume to all European Fowers than 160 years ago.

But Hitler could stir up trou- charged with dynamite and can be would allow Amsterdam and Rolter-food a wide belt of country from the involved.

blown up at a few minutes notice. dam to fall into German bands.

Zuyder Zee to the Belgian frontier. 1988-On September 26, Frost-blo for the Polesand, now, for

In this way Holland not puly?

Behind this flood the Dulch forces dent Roosevelt appealed to Berlin us among his brother Geriapna guards herself, but keeps her share

would stand in defence of Amster- ́and_Prague and also the Govern-in the Corridor at any moment. of the Watch on the rhine. For the

dam. And of a great deal more ments of Britain, France, Poland

chain of pill boxes is more than a

than that. and Hungary not to break of Were familiar with his tactics pure national, defence. It is the negotiations in the Czecho Blovak from Czocho-Slovakia, Austrin, logical conclusion of the Magino talions of 300 men have been formed

cussed termYA.

crials.

and Memel.

So Holland embarked on a rc- These strong points, with their armament programme Lilliputian carefully worked out fields of fire uitair compared with the arma pro- and their underground ammunition grammes of the Great Powers. dumps, are garrisoned day and night by a skeleton force of 9,000 grey- green Netherland troops who live in newly-built barracks in the frontier towns.

Hence the loa of pill-boxes. Twenty-five so-called Second Bat-

line-and- the Belgian forüßications to man the defence lino permanently

Aca..

Stuart Emeny

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