1939-03-24 — Page 30

HONGKONG TE LEGRAPH, FRIDAY, MARCH 24, 1989.

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The

MEMEL,

Europe's

tooth

nagging

by

EMRYS JONES

T

URN your eyes to that strip of terri- tory called Memel- East land that adjoins

coast is Prussia, whose washed by the Baltic Sea, whose people were, until this week, in Lithuania, and whose heart is in Germany.

Note

clean, red-brick cobble-stoned town of Memel it- self, and see what a fine jump-

the

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any nation whose ambition it is to make a dive up the Baltic.

Turn your eyes to Memel, be- cause it's like a troublesome tooth-you never know when it's going to start aching.

had Hitler and Chamberlain BOMO words about it when the

MEMELLAND

D RIGA

LATVIA

LITHUANIA

EAST PRUSSIA

(Germany)

Kaunas

PQLA

N D

TO

BERLIN

WARSAW

Flanked by Nazi Germany's West. In the East Prussia Memel, German in spirit, makes a jumping of ground for a drive up the Balite Sea.

VILNA

TD MOSCON

50

Miles

100

Then the world saw for the first Ume. that other nations must take care how they treat people of the German race. Hitler protested vi- gorously against the death sentences and it looked like the aching tooth was about to be drown.

I Asked Hitler Questions

Fifth Day In The Series of Questions

and Answers

from an unexpurgated Edi- tion of "Mein Kampf".

Why did you

awastika?

choose tho

A. "The new flag had to be just

15

our own

advertising

2 much

Rymbol of

struggle 11 of great

effectiveness. Anybody who has much to do with the masses sees great Importance in these ap- parent

effective trivialitics. An badge enn in hundreds of thousands of cases awake the first interest in a movement." (p. 555.)

A National-Socialists

wo

sea

our programme in our flag. In the red we see the social idea of the nationalistle; in the swastika the the mission of the struggle for victory of the Aryan mon." (p. 557.)

Q. What is your view of Free-

masonry?

"To strengthen his political

A. post on the few tries to tear

down racial and political barriers which at first still hamper his steps. For this purpose he fights for religious tolerance will all the toughness peculiar to hirn, and has found an " excellent instrument for the cham- pionship of his cause in Freemasonry, which has completely fallen prey to him.

"Governing circles and the higher grades of the political and business bourgeoisie fall into his anare through nasonic strings, without their realis ing 11. (p. 345.)

The work which

The Lithuanians, however, climbed down, commuted the death sentences. begins

Freemasonry

THE IMPLICATIONS behind the British Prime Minister met the Memel Statute, which gave or

German occupation of Memelland/Fuehrer in Germany during the promised to give Memelland was Ernst Neumann, now known in aming of the drive for untional

THE

are much wider than they appear on the surface. The Memel district,

crisis last year.

was

4

is the fundamental What difference between Nazism and

In so-called Intellectual to further the pacifistic One of the men they sentenced circles

some sort of autonomy.

Lithuania as the Henlein of Memel- self-preservation is passed on to the Great Britain, France, Italy, land. They sent him to prison for broad masses by the activity of the Before we Investigate that,

and released. a strip of 853 square miles without consider the story of Memel and Japan guaranteed the in- twelve years at Slaulen, but after great Press to-day always Jewish

Last week, you could have seen which Lithuania scarcely can live is, consider it, because Memel was tegrity of Lithuania and auto- doing four years he was pardoned (p. 351.)

Ernst ex-veterinary surgeon although so small that it is virtually the result of a smash-and-grab nomy for Memelland.

Really this decision was to the by following

another valueless to Germany economically, raid, highly valuable as pawn in the larger smushing and grabbing that salve the consciences of the Neumann on the stump in Memelland, Game Germany is now playing in brought it back to Germany yes. Allies, who had permitted the wearing a dark blue sult, lap boots,

Poles under Pilsudski to grab with the olk-antler badge of his party Communism?

in his button-hole. terday.

Ranged on the other side against Eastern Europe.

Memelland was German until the Lithuanian capital of Vilna.

personality and thus of the Just as the German occupation of

Neumann was the thin, high-cheek-A. "By its categorical rejection of boned, bushy moustached President nation and its racial content Marxism Czecho-Slovakia and all it implies it was taken away from them by

of Lithuania, Antanag Smetona. destroys the elementary basis of all makes Poland's southern flank highly the peacemakers in Paris, and it Name Changed

THE Lithuanions began by Like Poland's Pilsudski and Czechos humun culture which is dependent vulnerable, so does Lithuania, with was some time before the Allies

Just on these factors, This is the whom Foland established diplomatic decided what to do with it.

assaulting the feelings of Slovakia's Benes, Smetona

Nationalist when his country was real Inner kernel of Marxist philo- the Memellanders, who were German, under foreign rule, in his case Rus-sophy. With the destruction of relations only last year through an

by changing the name of the German

personality and race falls the .im- ultimatum presented at the point of Too Late

town from Memel to Klaipeda on the sin rule.

He was expelled from his school portant obstacle to the domination the gun, le heavily on her northern

stations and destroying flank. And although Lithuania is

IN 1023 it was decided rallway

for them. In the be, monuments that reminded the Memol- for saying prayers in Lithuanian in- of the inferior type-and this is the

lunders of their German background. slead of Russian, then became a con-Jew,

"So arises a pure workers' move- small, her strategle value is tremen-

since especially

However, there was no big cry spirator in the cause of Lithuanian Poland's ginning of that year armed dous, western front is exposed at Danzig. Lithuanians (who until the end thea to return to the arms of Ger- independence while he was a student ment under Jewish leadership, pre- Thus you see in German re-occus of the war had been Russia) be many, for that was back in 1923, in the University of St. Petersburg, tending to better the condition of the enslavement and destruction of all pation of Memel a lever with which

litler was just beginning to raise the Russia?

Smetona has no chance in femei-non-Jewish peoples." (p. 301.)

The

movement Lithuania can be jousted into almost/8an to be heard, began to give when a minor agitator called Adolf Who wasn't a conspirator in Canrlatworker, but in reality atming of the

(Nazi) Soon after the agitator had be- land, for in the local Diet the German any-position... The first fruits have the 200 French soldiers there, storm in far-away Munich.

who were keeping order on be already become manifest in the half of the Allies, a lot of trou- come-mester-of-Germany in 1933, party held 24 out of the 29 seats, promote respect of the person with the German Memellander turned party, followers give the Nazi salute, all means. It must never forget, that Lithuaning-German Non-Aggression

their eyes to the Third Reich, Pro- use the word "Heil," and organisers individual worth lies the worth of Germany ble.

everything human, that every Idea Pact, signed yesterday.

To the Allies came urgent re- paganda and racial feeling started storm troopers.

and every achievement in the result now hus Lithuania's only seaport and

of the creative power of a man," (p. Lithuania may, as a result of the quests for help from the French the tooth aching, and from time to

387.) To Lithuania ime the twinges were felt all over Many Clashes Commissioner. dependence she must now place on

THE troublesome tooth of "The nationalist point of view... Germany, find that her freedom is went a protest, and the British

Memelland was kept ner does not only envisage the different not much more than that enjoyed by cruiser Caledon sailed for the in the Third Reich began to gather

momentum, tiil in 1994 Lithuanian vous by frequent clashes between worth of races, but also the different swarmed into Memeland, Germans and Lithuanians. Last worth of individual men." (p. 421.) the Bohemians, the Moravians or the Baltic.

Too lute. Thousands

of troops

"The fundamental difference be arrested leaders and a hundred other June Nazis and Lithuanians fought Slovakts.

attacked

the prominent German citizens,

for two hours in the streets because tween nationalist philosophy and in You will probably see, as a result Lithuanians

So The Lithuanians held a trial gave way.

the Germans had welcomed a Nazi Marxisin is that nationalist philosophy of this Memel re-occupation, another French, who

annexed by Kaunes, accused them of plotting to

race but also the importance of the spate of diplomatic activity in central Memel

and cries of "Hell" Adolf Hitler. They sentenced four

The casualties were the death of Individual, and makes him Europe, with Warsaw as the axis. Lithuania, and in the following restore Memelland to the realm of ship in the port with the Hitler salute does not recognize only the value of son of a German foundation of its whole structure," Poland, almost surrounded now by year the grab was recognised men to death, sent nearly a hundred

a 10-years-old Lithuania signed the to long terms of Imprisonment.

policeman and 50 injured. Once (p. 501.) Germany, must elther resign herself when

more it Jooked as if Europe was in the Pan- to the knowledge that

for a Arst-class crisis. Ukrainian movement Herr Hiller is espousing involves dismemberment of Poland as well as Soviet Russin, or must cast around for new and powerful allies.

In return for facilities in Memel, and especially access to Memel Har- bour, Lithuania will almost certainly be forced, in the very near future if become vnasal of not now, to Greater Germany.

ง

Events on the Baltic const must have a salutary effect on the other Bttle Baltic states, whom Germany

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orbit. They will watch post-Memel developments in Lithuanis with the greatest of anxiety as a token of what might be in store for them.

Memel is typical of German colo- nisation territory. Even after 700 years of German rule it contained, according to the German 1910 census, 71,781-intiabitants of German mother tongue, and 67,124 of Lithuanian mother tongue, wittle in the Lithu anian census of 1025 43.51 per cent of Memel's Inhabitants characterised themselves us of German nationality, 27.50 per cent of Lithuanian na- tionality Brick 25.18 per cent an Memellandera.

Thus Memel becomes a second territorial precedent for German claims no longer based on the Na- tional Socialist principle alone, but rather on political preference, how- over obtained. And since all the Baltic States contain large. German minorities, an example of what determined, German tiworlly with the backing of Great Germany can do provides them food for thought,

D

was

Europe,

The movement for incorporation

GRIN AND BEAR IT.

By Lichty

Da, 1775 by United Feature Tradicata, Tas,

"Your neck is too long for the new colfure, but I think our Mr. Emile can fix that!"

The storm passed-on the surface.

from the Memelland disappeared crisis scene until a British M.P. asked in the House of Commons what was going to happen there. That was

•

must

the

arc talking Mandato

gambler's risks in Europe. Do you believe in taking riska?

hinders every decision connected with risk,

after Mr. Chamberlain's visit to Ger- A "Lacit of will...

many in September.

In reply, it was said that Hitler as if the magnitude of a deed did not had told Chamberlain that he'd be consist in its riskincas....

"He who first demands from Inte glad to leave Memelland as it was, as

of success, thereby long as the Memel Statute was ob- the guarantee served by the Lithuanian Govern renounces the very importance of an herole deed. For an herole deed les ment.

in the fact that although convinced of the danger of a situation, you take the step which will perhaps lead to Ruccess. A man sick with concer .. does not want to reckon on fifty- one per cent, certainty before risking an operation." (p. 463.)

Please note: "As long as the Memel Statute was observed by the Lhunnion Government."

It would not be difficult to find an excuse for saying that the Statute was not being observed, and, any- way, the Memellanders were reckon- ed among the dissatisfied minorities that afflict, the European scene,

“A ́Scandal”

Do you think it would be a

Q. better or Germany ran

All at be

LL this happened when it entirely?

had no more territorial ambitions, A

but in Berlla a few days Inter it was

the

German people throughout its historical deve semi-officially stated (and that's upment had possessed the herd-1lko pretty official in Germany) that this unity which helped other peoples,, the did not mean the Fuchrer was not Germen Reich to-day would be mis- deeply interested in his fellow-tress of the world. Germans beyond · Nazi Germany.

the frontiers of Work history would then have Laken another course, and no man In the same October that was fol- is in a posillan to decide whether lawed up in Berlin by the comment the very thing that so many dazzled that suppression in Lithuania "has pacifists are to-day hoping to beg by become on intenable scandal." whining and whimpering, peace, More to the point was the formal would not have come about in this declaration made to newspapermen| way. - in Memel by Herr Bertuleif, deputy- A peace, supported not on

fender of Memel's Nazis. ....

the

hand-wringing of tearful paciosile Sald he: "Memel was separated walling women, but by the victorious | against its will from the German sword of a master people which takes fatherland. Now it desires reunion the world Into the service of a higher

(Continued on Page 5.)

culture." (p. 438).

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