1939-03-13 — Page 6

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAFIE, MONDAY, MARCH 13, 1980:"

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Russia?

A BISHOP

who sought health

IN TAR-WATER

"I HAVE," said Dr. George

-Berkeley, Blahop of Cloyne, this "bestowed more pains on work than on any of my other productions."

↑

Berkeley referred to a book entitled- Virtues of Tur-water, in which he sextolled the benefits of a concoction

for curing various ailments.

Accused of exaggerating, Berkeley retorted: "To speak out, I suspect tar-water is a panacea."

Whereupon the newspapers of the day waxed sarcastic at the bishop's expense.

Here is an epigram published in one periodical:

"Who dare deride what

Cloyne has done? The Church shall rize

vindicate her 2011; She tells its all her bishops shep-

herds are,

MONDAY, MARCH 13. St. Gregory the Great

Born: Bishop George Berkeley,

philosopher, 1684;---- Died: Caesar Borgia, killed,

1508: Ludovick Muggleton, founder of the Muggleton- ians, 1697.

His first preferment in the Church was the deanery of Derry. He was no svoner settled in this post than he pious conceived an idea for converting the North American Indians. lie pro- posed the bullding of a college in and Bermuda us a missionary school. fle offered to resign his deanery, worth 21100 a year, and go out there as the first president at a salary of

And shepherds heal their rolten £100 a year,

sheep with tar.""

Parliament considered the plan and gave its approval, and Berkeley made preparations to take a number

Fur

of

A certain John Wishaw, a solleitor, kindred spirits. writing to a friend on May 25, 1741,

seven years, however, Sir gives a brief account of Berkeley Robert Walpole made various excuses nod his tar-water:

for withholding. the charter and grant "The Bishop of Cloyne, in Ireland, of £20,000 promised by the Govern- has published a book, of two shillings men price upon the excellence of far-

Meanwhile Berkeley had set sail water, which is to keep ye bloud in for Rhode Island, accompanied by his THE biggest handicap in Bri- due order, and a great remedy in wife-the daughter of the Speaker of

tish diplomacy at the pre-is to put, I think, a gallon of water

many cases. His way of making it the Irish House of Commons.

The whole scheme was doomed to sent time is of the British Gov-to a quart of in, and after stirring failure, owing mainly to the breach ernnient's own creation: It is it together, to let it stand 48 hours, of faith of Sir Robert Walpole, who

and then pour of the clear their deliberate cold-shouldering drink a glass of about half a pint in purposes.

and eventually applied the money to other

of Russia.

ye morn, and as much at five in yo After spending all the funds he This refusal of Mr. Chamber-afternoon. So it's become common could raise from his deanery and

to call for a glass of ter-water in a from other sources, Berkeley lain and his colleagues to col-coffee-house, as a dish of

or forced to abandon his project

converting the Indians. laborate with Russia' contribut-coffee."

Through Dean Swift Berkeley und ed more than anything else to

the aequaintance of the democratic rout at Munich. and wrote a sequel to his previous celebrated Vanessa, Mrs. Hester Van Russia had publicly avowed 'in work, called "Further Thoughts in Homreigh, who, upon discovering that unambiguous terms her inten-Tar-water," being his last production Swift way married, left Berkeley haif her property. It appears that she tion of fulfilling her treaty obli- Berkeley suffered from what, he

lind met him only once at dinner. gations. But the British Gov-described as nervous colic and could obtain relief only from his own ernment apparently preferred to specifle. believe the tittle-tattle of cosmo-. politan busy-bodies who assert-

ed that Russia was either un-

willing or unable obligations.

tea

The Bishop practised what preached, stuck

he

to his tag-water, made

for the Press.

*

Apart from this

*

obsession

Was

for

the

he

After his return from Rhode Island, where he had spent three years walt- ing for the Government grant, *published the most useful of his of works, The Minute Philosopher,"

a to fulfil her | Berkeley's, he was remarkable written in the form of dialogue.

tnih. He was a great philosopher It was a critical survey of the and mathematician, though often various forms of free-thinking of the! This determination to force | unorthodox.

time. It was warmly appreciated by certain sections of the Churelt, and Russia into isolation-to treat At Trinity College, Dublin, where wna shown to the Queen, with whom her as the parish of Europe he was educated, opinion was divided Berkeley became a great favourite. as to whether he was a fool or a

Through her influence. he was continues. Mr. Chamberlain, it'

prodigy. His subsequent carcer appointed to the deanery of Down, seems, would prefer to lose the proves that he was no fool, for before and in 1730 promoted to the see of

he was 23 he won a fellowship.

Cloyne, British Empire without Russian Within three years he published support than keep it with Rus-his "Theory of Vision," in which he

discussed the prevailing idens sinn help.

sight and touch.

It is not only that the British Government are throwing away valuable friend in time of peace and a powerful ally if need should arise. The inevitable

In the same year his "Analyst," of again on the subject of free-thinking, placed him in the centre of a hot controversy.

He argued that a man born blind,

could he be made to see, would be At this period Berkeley went into unable to recognise any object by retirement, devoting himself to the sight which he had previously known discharge of his duties as Bishop, and by touch. Such person, too, would in works of charity.

In 1745 he refused the see of have no sense of the relative distance

Clogher, which would have doubled his income.

of objects.

fail.

on

in Ireland, nad he went to Oxford

This argument was proved in a effect of trying to isolate Russian a young mun, blind from birth, the prominent men of the day and strange Way, 18 years afterwards, He kept up a correspondence with

must be to throw her into the was suddenly restored to sight. He wrote a number of pamphlets

| declared that he could not distinguish various subjects. I was now that arins of Germany. This pos- a dog from a cat by sight, and was he wrote his treatises on the virtues sibility has often haunted the 50 confused between his newly- or tar-water.

acquired faculty and his touch that Foreign Offices of France and he wanted to know which of the two water, Berkeley's health began to Despite the regular draughts of tar- Britain, and now Mr. Chamber-senses were lying.

Next year Berkeley published his lain seems in a fair way to "Principles of Human Knowledge," He was unable to carry on his work bringing it about.

in which he tried to prove that the and requested permission of the King common nation of the existence of to resign his see with the view to In view of Herr Hitler's de-mutter was wrong, and that common obtaining a canonry in that city? nunciations of "Bolshevism," articles of everyday use existed only

as ideas in the mind.

The King, however, refused to his resignation. "Berkeley accept such an outcome may seem im- He further developed, this theory shall die a bishop, in spite of film- in "Three Dialogues. Between Hyins self!! sald George II, and he gave possible. But stranger things and Philoneus," which, it it did not him permission to live wherever he have happened, and the present convince eighteenth century scientists, pleased,

gave him a reputation as a writer trade talks between Russin and and the friendship of Dean Swift Germany should give abundant' food for thought in Downing. Street,

KORDA: NO ROMANCE

Meanwhile, from 1707, he had been engaged, as a college tutor. In 1712

he paid a short visit to England, and

One of Berkeley's last acts was to minke over L200 worth of rents from the see lands at Cloyné to poor housekeepers, in his diocese.

Pulted Parkave kynášela, 200.

"We gotta do this every now and then else the islands would be overrun, with you insurance agents?”

BRITAIN PREPARES—II

NATIONAL

SERVICE

by

H. L. Percy

United Press Staff Correspondent.

LINKED UP with Britain's

anti-aircraft

army are several voluntary organisations, which, while coming under the heading of Air Raid Precautions,

ure

not actually military in the strict sense of the word.

For instance, there is the ob- surver corps. Members of this, mostly on the coast, man observation posts, and give first warning of up- proaching enemy aircraft. A com- pleated code of telephone signals has already been arranged for flash-

EDITOR'S NOTE: In the next war Britain, for the first time in 900 years, will be in grave danger of armed invasion. In the past the navy kept her shores intact. The danger now is from the air. To meet this modern perif, Britain is organising her civil population. and Every able-bodied man woman will have a job to do. This series of articles tells the

story of Britain's army of "passive defence", and of the hundred-and-one other ways in which Britain is preparing for war at home.

ing the warning to local headquarters. pulsory almost at a moment's notice

Recruits must be above the age of in an emergency. 30 and have good hearing and cyc-. Decision to let everybody have sight.

hand in defending his and her

Then there is the Then there is the balloon barrage, country was taken after the Czecho- Hundreds of blimps dangling cur- Slovakian crisis. Before that, that is tains of steel wire will encircle the from January, 1938, the Air Raid principal cities. Their purpose is to Precautions Act covered what little force enemy planes, lo heights at preparation for defence there was. which accurate bombing will be im- This was a more or less Juke-warm possible.

recruitment 54 alt-rald wardens, gas and bombs, and so forth. weekly instruction in dealing with

PUBLIC DEMAND

In addtion to London, the follow ing elles are to have barrages: Birmingham, Bristol, Manchester, Liverpool, Sheffield, Derby, Hull, Newcastle, Plymouth, Southampton, After the crisis, however, the public Glasgow and Cardiff. It has been began to demand bigger and better officially stated that barrages for defence. They demanded most of these cities will be in opera- pulsory national register, ond, In tion next summer, and all of them some cases, compulsory national by the end of the year,

service.

B

сом-

100 PER CENT OPERATIVE

The government's answer was that a compulsory register was not de- In London, it was added, the sirable, although with the machinery barrage was 90 per cent. operative at of the next census in 1941, such a the end of, 1938, and will be 100 per register is being prepared which cent, by this month.

could be made compulsory in about

Service in the balloon barrage three weeks, instead of many months.. squadrons is also voluntary, and is In its place they offered voluntary open to men aged between 25 and 60 national service, and appointed Sir as drivers, winch-handlers, riggers John Anderson to the sinecure post and

fabric workers,

of Lord Privy Seal with the duties, Another auxillary service is the but not the title, of Minister of Civil. training of employera in factories and Defence. plants in anti-aircraft defence, Air- .. plane factories, automobile plants, atcol mills, and the shadow face politician, quickly got to work. On.. torics now turning out machinery, November 3, 1938, in his first specch but which in war-time can be turned in the House of Commons, he cut- over to munitions, will be defended Uned his programme as follows: by their own staffs.

1. An evacuation poller.

These men, classed as indispen- sable. are being equipped with machineguns and light two-pound gune for defence against low-fying

uniform attacks. Their

will be their coveralls, and they will be re- quired to be able to get into action within 20 minutes of downing tools.

of

Anderson, diplomat rather than

Z. Public shelters.

3. Regional organisation to take

over in war-time.

4. Relationship between the

government and

local au.' thorities regarding AR.P.

5. London's defenco problems. 6. National voluntary service. 7. Changes in the A.R.P. organi-

sation.

In the three months since then Anderson has announced plans for most of these seven points. One of

LAST LINE OF DEFENCE Britain's second and last line defence in the next war will be her civil population.

An estimated total of 30,000,000 will his first steps was the appointment of be available for this vast "army of the

a

"brain" trust" of six leading on defence defence engaged only in passive business-men to adviso

It will include some young problems, and receive representa unfit for fighting or indis lions regarding delays, defects and pensable; practically all men past dificulties. the-fighting up to about 70; "and

"men,

a

all able-bodied women,

Bishop Berkeley, who was born on in April 1713 Swift presented hím at March 18, 1684, ai Pelerin, in the Court.

County of Kilkenny, Ireland, died al He soon mide himself popular in Oxford on Sunday, January 14, 1753. London and became chaplain to Lord It was while he was seated with his MR. ALEXANDER KORDA, the Peterborough, whom he accompanied family listening to the reading of Alm producer, who arrived at Fly-to the Continent, returning in August sennon that he fell back and died to quietly that he was believed to be mouth recently from New York, 1714. denied that he was thurrled or, that From 1715 to 1720 he travelled asleep, When his daughter later there was n ronance between him again as tutor to the son of. Dr. St. brought him a cup of tea he was stiff

| George Ashe, an Irish Bishop.

In 1721 the country was disturbed He was buried in Christ Church, - He also described as "nonsense" s

reports that he was fed up with by the South Sen, Bubble scandal, and Oxford. England and was contemplating Berkeley published on "Essay towards Berkeley is described as "a hand- komeza by preventing the Tuin of Great Britain some man, with a countenance, full of living in America. In the same year he became chaplain, meaning and benignity: Remarkable "I may make films occasionally into the Duke of Grafton in Ireland, for great strength of Imbrand, tillat present, but as Sir John Anderson, it compulsory. As the scheme has Hollywood, but London will always and was in demand as a lecturer on his sedentary life Impaired it, of a

DEPEDA Very robust-constitution.” divinity, be, my headquarters," he said,

and Merle Oberun, al

and cold..

Before Parliament rose for the Under

the general heading of Christmas vacation, be announced "National Service," over a score of that in January national service organisations are open to these would be introduced. He said it' civillans, all of them designed to would be entirely voluntary, and for contend with the effects and results a felol period of three months only. of air attack. They rango from air- :; At the end of this month, - Parlia- ment is to review its progress and de- rald wordens to evacuation officers.

All service is completely voluntary cide whether it is necessary to make

unofcial Minister for Civil Defence, only been in operation about three, has explained, it can be made com- PPP(Continued on Page; 5,J]

nuda M