7
THE HONGKONG TE LEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1939.
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Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 February 15, 1939
Good Manners
AN EXAMPLE of international
good manners is the agreement, approved by Great Britain yester day, regarding the defence of the Aland Islands, which le midway between Finland and Sweden.
According to a brief "Reuter" message, Great Britain approves in principle the partial fortification of the islands by these two countries.
The islands are inhabited by a Swedish-speaking population and until taken by Russia from Sweden in 1808 had always been. Swedish, When Finland recovered its in- dependence at the end of the Great War, the Aland Islanders asked the: League of Nations to return them to Sweden. This was denied, and Sweden accepted the verdict. Nor han she since tried to alter it on the grounds that a "minority" exists on the islands. In pre-War days, or if a totalitarian State were involved instead of Sweden, the issue would. atill be a typical case for war, an Memel is to-day.
The League decreed that the is Janda should be forever noutral. The inhabitants were to be exempt from military service and be given local self-government. The League itself promised that no one would trespass.
This idyll did not last. As the League grew wenker and the respect]
SPECIAL TEA DANCE for post-war treaties dwindled, the
at
sitantion of the islanda grew more precarious. They are not threaten- ed by Sweden or Finland, which i may have some claim to them, but
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They were like a vacuum in tho naval situation, an air hole in the steel frame which kept up the balance in the Baltic. In the event of war any Power could land troops and yung, set up naval bases and air flekla.
Instead
of taking independent action on the ground of national self-interest or any other standard excuse, Finland first approached Sweden. Together these nations
NOT ALLOWED ΤΟ DO ITS ACT!
Arctic
Georps Whitila
Exploration
Is Different Now
Tis an old story that Aretle explorers after some time get so tired of each other that they cannot bear the sight of their fellows and often go mad because of no reason,
I have heard it time and again, and people really get sore, when you tell them that you never had this experience yourself. People like to stay in their old error, it is so much easier!
And Arctic exploration has been the object of many errors from the days of old-and still are.
Some time there ruled some mystery about the Frozen North. People who went there belteved themselves up in the very danger of their life, and their dolugs were handicapped by these thoughts all the time.
Funny enough! But the explorers used themselves to be responsible for it themselves.
Haven't I read and heard lectures from many such fine travellers. always stating how much hardship they had been up against? They had been suffering from frost and gales, snowdrifts and starvations, terrible animals and frightful Eskimos, and much more than that.
When I was a small boy I always wondered why men, who had escaped such perils, always wanted to go back there again. Because they always did! Now I have spent most of my life on expeditions and I still wonder.
KNOW for myself that I am no bl
hero, and if I had met such con- ditions I should have kept out. Pretty long distance, too!
I
The Arctic explorations of to-day are somewhat différent from before. shall not argue that in past years tray- ellers did have a tough time, but then again they did not do much to fight it. Read the old books about the English expeditions a hundred years ago or more. They were all military-organised. Officers in uniforms in the enbina, the crew living before the mast in horrible quarters. And everybody took it for granted that a huge percentage would die from scurvy during the winter,
Then came the time with sledging as soon as the worst part of the dark- ness was over. They travelled dragging their sledges themselves; that was, the, ouiters walker beside, commanding the anilors, who had this harnesses on.
'That was before kerosene was in use. In the evenings they used con) for cooking. Their food was mostly salt ment, and gin was supposed to be an
ecessary as anything for the up-
keep of te.
Only when the modern time came in the exploration of the Polar regions could amount to any- thing real. The invention of the primus stove did more than any- thing else.
After that the dogsledge, dis- lances were covered no Пan would have dreamt about before.
At the same time the leadership In Arctic exploration passed from England to Scandinavia, and there it stayed for quite many years,
It was the Ingenious Norwegian, Fridtjof Nansen, who must have the honour for that. After him 'came a splendid line of strong men oru In the Scandinavian coun- tries.
ہو
☆
E maior-boat took over the trans- portation in statuinter, where be Core one lind rowed heavily with the kimboats or wooden ones, which, all of them demanded a big crew. After the motorbont came the tractor, and then the neroplane,
The countlines of the Arctic nie gen. rally known. There is no more new it to find and soon the fands of the frezen north will be opened even to
tourists.
Bu don't anybuly believe that this is the end of the Arctic scientião re- search. The work is only started. Now we know where to go after what wo want. Now we can take the specialists there, safely, even if they are not ath- letic and trained to stand all kinds of hardships.
Te say the truth there was often too much bluff in the hero stuff the ex- plorers liked to pull. Dangers are to be found-yes, of course. In the Arc- lie there always was a fight for the upkeep of fe. But now we are cap- able of taking a look at what has been done in the past, what are we doing now, and what the future will be for the Arctlo.
To-day the leadership in Arctic work undoubtedly is in the Boviet Union, Not surprising when one takes a look at the map and sees how big a coast- line the Soviet people possess com- pared with other countries.
AN international exhibition of Polar exploration is to lake place in Ber- gen in the year 1940. This will be the very first exhibition of its kind, and will show the evolution of Arctic re- search.
That man is not born who can help admiring Norway and its met. When- ever I visit Norway, and mostly when
Feared Iron Lung Was No Longer Available-Died
SUDDEN relief from the fear that the iron lung agreed that the islands may be for- from which she had been freed after five months would tified, and that the nations should not be available if needed, is believed to have killed 28- be trained to help defend them-year-old Mrs. Gould, of Braintree Green, Braintree, selves. But before this has been put Essex.
into action all the signatory powers Recently she was taken from the iron lung in which
BY PETER FREUCHEN
Peter Freuchen, six-foot-seven, wooden-legged Arctic adventurer, being in London, we asked him to write this article, which we print in his own words. This famous Danish explorer believes that the land of the Eskimo will soon become a tourists' paradise.
I come up to the Arctlo part of Il. I moet men, who-born north of the Arctic Circle-have seen the sea right outside their door from their birth, They are people who are forced to make their living from that pitiless LED, and who have developed the most aplendid ways of fighting the nature of It,
Many Norwegians go year after year far up in the high Aretic, and make a living for themselves and their children and wives from hunting and fishing where no other nation can go. No wonder that this country got tona who were born for Aretle explern- tions like no one else.
Bo it is just and right that this coun- try should have the honour of organis ing the first international exhibition of Polar exploration-at Bergen in, 1940. The old capital of Western Norway! Hero came the sallars with goods 'from north and south. Here have been done great things, and wo still smell the odour of the old time walking on the strecta here. It is like wading in remembrances to be in Bergen.
This exhibition will not be competi tive between anybody. There is no- thing as international as Aretio ex- lahed, and everything found will ploration. Results are always pub-
always and has always been used as a step forward from where the next man can start.
Many nations have during the past
years added to the Arctic explora-- Lions It will be not only an attrac tion for experts and specialists, it will bo not less than a chapter of the history of man that can be laid open to the public.
Only a wonder that such a thing never took place before!
REING an Arctic explorer myself. I had the happy fate to live in a time where the new time broke in. I wna a deg driver, and I walked thousands of miles dragging a sledge. I rowed in skinboats and kayaks and walked on akis for months, and what we brought home in my youth was little and looks humble compared with present-day collections.
My best impression of this I got last year, when I fiew a stretch in an aero- plane in alt hours, that had taken me three months to cover yours before.
But also I had the luck to find that nothing that we did was in vala. The exhibition in Bergen will show it to the world.
For me, Bergab in 1940, beeguse 1- there will see without danger and with small expenses, but with all the excite- ments, what I tried all my life to find on my many journeys way up in the junknown and virgin deserts of the ice
and know,
as well as the League have been she had lain continuously since August at the Braintree Britain Drinks More Beer
consulted, As can be seen, Great Isolation Hospitti Britain han promptly and rightly
agreed to re-fortification of the sighed,
Islands.
The real problem is what Russia and Germany will do. They would both like the Independent little la- lands for themselves.
"What a relief to be back in an ordinary bed again," she LESS illicit liquor is being brewed in Britain; more (legal) beer is being drunk: Britons are smoking less home-grown Later, she saw an iron lung being taken from the hospital. tobacco; "uncle," the pawnbroker, and moneylenders are dis- Fear that one would not be at hand, hind a screen in the hospital Mrs. appearing races, and there are now only half as many hawkers in emergency caused hysteris, andid Gould realised her fear was ground- all the good work of the previous less.
as a year ago. five months.
الله
A doctor was summoned. As he showed her another Iron fùng "be
Next moment she collapsed and died.
These facts were revealed recently in the Customs and Excise lánnual report.
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