1939-01-17 — Page 30

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THE HONGKONG TE LEGRAPH, Tuesday, JANUARY 17, 1939.

Mi

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ORIGINAL ARTISTS IN "THE LAMBETH WALK"

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Lot's all join in the Chorus-With Tommy Handley and His Pals Thoso Foolish Things Selection.London Palladium Orchestra C3032

Folk Dance.

Draper's Maggot; The Hole in the Wall

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Here Comes the Band. March Medley-H. M. Coldstream Guards C3035 Deep River; Go Down, Moros-Fats Waller on the Organ D8816 Hits of the Moment. Medley-New Mayfair Orchestra BD600

Puszta: The Wind has told me a story-R. Foort-Organ BDS95

Woodcutters' Song-Comedy Harmonists B8814

She was, she was, she was; Just for fun-Max Miller

When you dream about Hawaii-G. Fitzgerald

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PETROL

COSTS

DOWN

f

AUXHALL engines get 20%

more power nut of every drop of petrol used. That is why recent R.A.C.official trials over 1000 miles of public roads, produced these extraordinary results :--

23 h.p.

14 h.p.

19 h.p.

21.48 m.0-8.

J3J1 m.p.4.

47.4 m.pl.

Compare these figures with those obtala- able on car of simtier power. And ma compare general performance We will provide an adequate felul run to ADY Vauxhall model and prove its pert

ecooumy.

HONGKONG HOTEL GARAGE

Stubbs Rd.

Tel. 27778-9.

Vauxhall

SEE and TRY THE 10 and 12 H.P.

The

Hongkong Telegraph.

Wyndham St., Hongkong 'Phone 26615 January 17, 1939

The British Note

TONE of the British

Note to Tokyo can leave no

with third Powers are rapidly doubt but that Japan's relations approaching a climax,

For eighteen months, the Japanese militarists in China have ridden rough-shod over the rights of subjects of friendly States, and their violation of the tenets of the Nine Power Pact to which their Government pledged its word has been so complete that the Treaty to-day may be considered non-existent.

It is interesting to note the four pledges Japan made with

to China in reference

that

Treaty.

She agreed, firstly, to respect the sovereignty, the indepen- dence and the territorial and- of administrative integrity

Messrs. S. MOUTRIE & Co., Ltd. China. She has violated this

YORK BUILDING

Tol. 20527.

In the Rose Room PENINSULA HOTEL

A

9.30 p.m. Thurs. 19 January

R

In a programme of British and

European songs

and excerpts

B

7

from Opera, Operetta and recent films

with

A

A.

E. G. PELLEGATTI, cello and

CHATER ROAD.

T. LAY, piano. R GILMAR

SOPRANO

$4, 3, 2. Book at Moutrio's, or H.K. or Peninsula Hotels.

WALT DISNEY'S SILLY SYMPHONY

"FERDINAND the BULL"

IN TECHNICOLOR

A

GW.D.P.

Dindsted by DO RADIO PRONINI

COMING SOON THE QUEEN'S

clause.

She agreed to provide the fullest and most unembarrassed opportunity to China to develop and maintain for herself an effective and stable government. She has violated this' clause.

She agreed to use, in con- junction with the other signu- tory Powers, her influence for the purpose of effectually es- tablishing and maintaining the principle of equal opportunity for the commerce and industry of all nations throughout the territory of China. The viola- tion of this clause has drawn forth the British and American Notes of Protest.

".

She agreed to refrain from taking advantage of conditions

or

R

Korg White

DIFFICULT TO

PERSEMENT

KEEP UP WITH

Sir Samuel Hoare's big day

ATHER more than a hun- dred years a gentleman named Samuel Hoare, - cester of the Home Secre-

tary, whose proposals for penal reform in England were reported recently, was urging upon prison governors of his time the wide- spread introduction of the tread- nilil into our jails.

As Chairman of the Prison Disc- pline Society, Samuel Hoare was in .3 position to talk with some authority of its "conspicuous ad- vantages with regard to the moral benefits resulting to the prisoner."

The use of the treadmill had been first suggested in the Peniten- tiary Act of 1770, which directed prison governors to keep their charges at "labour of the hardest and most servile kind in which drudgery is chiefly required, and where the work is little able to be spoiled by ignorance, neglect and obstinacy."

O

NLY a few years before this prisons were dens of Buch unter frightfulness that a detailed description of them is impossible in a reputable news- paper.

They were run as private profit- making concerns. Their keepers made money out of the inmates by starving them, torturing them, or exacting bribes: by harshly ex- ploiting their labour and, when they were women, forcibly selling their virtue to outside visitora as well as to those inmates who could afford to pay the procurer's price.

Innocent unfortunates

wero

A Look Through The "Telegraph"

by STUART FLETCHER

hurled into the midst of the most depraved characters, sanitation was just a word of ten letters with no further significance, and five thousand prisoners dled every year from jail fever, a form of typhus peculiar to English prisons.

It was by no moans a rare occurrence when, in 1750, a Lord Mayor, two judges, and several jurymen and officers of the court died from jail fever caught from the prisoners at the Old Batley.

P

RISONS at this time, of course, had nothing to

do with punishment. They were merely hovels, dens, and dungeons where guilty, inno- cent, and witnesses alike awaited trial,

Punishment for all but the most trifling offences unconnected with property consisted of elther trans- ferenco by way of the scaffold to another world or transportation by way of the Atlantic to the New World.

About a thousand convicts were transported every year to Britain's American territory. One result of America's successful War of Inde- pendence was that 280 offences previously punishable by trans- portation became capital offences.

The rest of the transportees were accommodated on hulks, converted Vessels in the Thames or at Ports- mouth, where the conditions were as horrible as those in the jails on shore.

The first agitation for reform

was made by John Howard, an aus- tere Evangelical, who quite fortul- tously became Sheriff of Bedford- shire in 1773, and, instead of re- Rarding his ceremonial duties as his predecessors had done as a harmless charade, took them so earnestly that before long he had become a self-appointed prison in- vestigator.

He spent the remaining sixteen years of his life braving the typhus-haunted horrors of British Jalls and exposing the scandals he found there.

His hair-raising evidence in Par- flament resulted in the Penitential Bill of 1779, which in its turn anally produced the three-quar- ters-of-a-million pound Milbank Prison on the alte new occupied by the Tate Gallery, and the nume- rous other "model" prisons that followed it.

NCIDENTALLY, some of the urgent need for

lawbreakers passed with Captain Cook's discovery of a new trans- BC- portation dump in Australia. tween 1787 and 1867 150,000 men and women were sent out as con- victs to Australia.

One of Howard's enthusiasms. the result of his shock at the Ho- Garthian horrors of 18th century jails, was for solitude in which the criminal could become morally re- generated by Isolation from cor- rupt Influences and by meditation upon higher things. Designed on this principle the new jails of

YESTERYEARS' FILES

BRIEFLY SCANNED

down, makes the passage at night posle, that ncross the bows, and when this tively langerous. On the other alde af had no effect, a second shell was fired the water are several dark pincos. One which struck the ship's engine roun,,

The Irene wank in fames, whic In particular is lumphreys Avenue 50 YEARS AGO

which is surely of sufficient length 10 herole rescue work by the Navy especi one ally by the men of LA, who saved 222 in order to seek special rights

which would The evils of the credit system which justify the erection of at least privileges

atlil advisable fa the provision of a lump rence.

Practically ever since itigation ha flourishes in this Colony are too fre- Lean imperative, perhaps, but persons, was a feature of the occur. abridge the rights of subjectsquently practically exemplified to need or two at the base of Signal Hill. This

much comment. Indeed it would hardly road in less used than many others, it been proceeding in Chambers over the be much use commenting at length upon, is true, but it is aumciently used to claim, which was made publle for the or citizens of friendly States,

them-they would go on just the same. and from countenancing action

But we would just like to say a word! merit one light. inimicul to the security of such States. She has violated this clause.

The British Note allows no equivocation, and is probably the sternest protest Great Bri- tain has despatched to a foreign Power in many years. It brings Great Britain into line with an- other great

or two about them. The credit prin- ciple is a handy one when used in ros-

Inspectors P. and M. O'Sullivan who

with

Arst time this morning.

Mrs. O. A. Smith and Milan A. 31.

son, but in the Far East generally, and have been away on leave in Ireland for Smith arrived in the Colony to-day by Hongkong in particular, it is grossly the past nine months returned to the the .. ishima Baru from Australia.

5 YEARS AGO abused. By the Abyssinia, only last Colony this morning, bringing

Outside Manchukuo, the enthrone. week, three individuals left this Colony them their brides.

ment of a Manchu king is not likely "under a cloud" through nothing else but the fatal facility with which they? could run up accounts with tradesmen and brokeen.

25 YEARS AGO

•

#

10 YEARS AGO

the early 10th century conanch the prisoner 05 far Bible

Pos- to bls cell, or carefully

д by "depersonalised

mask these marks were retained as part of prison uniform until the end of the 10th century) to the Treadmill shed and the chapel.

W

ITHIN the prisons the result was widespread suicide and Insanity. Outalde, meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution, the Corn Laws and the Chartist agitations produced a fifty per cent. Increase in the number of criminal offences. The State's answer to poverty was the prison.

While solitary confinement was being elaborated in some jails, u silence system was being worked out at others. According to this theory prisonera could work, cat. exercise, even sleep in the same rooms, but they must never talk to one another.

Conditions varied front one prison to another. All were bad in some degree, and the slightest leakago to the outside world of humanitarian treatment of prison- ern called forth angry protests.

For example, "I would banish," wrote the Liberal Sydney Bmith, "all the looms of Preston Jail and substitute nothing but the tread- wheel or the, capstern, or some where the of labour species labourer could not see the results of his toll, where it is as monoton- ous, irksome, and dull as possible."

With auch sadism to confront, it took the reformers, a long proces- sion of men and women with Mrs. Elizabeth Fry, the Quaker, as their inspiring example, very many years of protests before Parliament in 1877 centralised the control and conduct of the nation's prisons, and in 1804 swept away the solitary system as a general principle and substituted useful industries, such as malibag-making, for the foolish torture of the crank and the tread- mill.

S

INCE then many of the more blatant acorialles of prison life have been removed. Voluntary workers are welcomed instead of being ro garded as, to quote a former chair- man of the Prison Commission, source of difficulty." Labour coa- ditions, food, and health services have improved. Bolltary confine- ment has been abolished except as a punishment.

But whoever, after reading the dread- ful contents of the Webbs' “Englah Prisons under Local Government,” should feel that those bad old days are gone, should also read the Calverta The Kowloon British School, for to modify public opinion in favour of

book, The Lawbreaker," and, better European Children of all ages, reopens Japanese policy, in the opinion of the

About English still, The Truth on Monday, the 19th inst.-A. T. Harull-Times," which devotes a leading article to the farthcoming Coronation of Henry

Prisons," by a distinguished ex- ton, Headmaster.

I'u Yi.

prisoner, Mark Beoney, in order to off- The "Times" says that European and This morning the Hon. Mr. Claud

Bet complacence, American opinion will requiro more Severn, Colonini Secretary, distributed

The sensational piratical attack on evidence than a mero change of 10 the prizes at the Diocesan School be

Steam Navigation Democracy the fore a large gathering over which the the .. Trone, owned by the China Mer- that the elevation of the Chief Execu Company Live to the Thronn will make Manchukuo Ilishop of Victoria presided, supported chants United States, which despatched by the Rev. V. . . Boyle, secretary, which had an amazing ending, the ship any less a client Btate of Japan, while

being sunk by gunfire from H. M. Sub. A similarly worded note to Japan just before the end of the year,

If the two great countries on either side of the Atlantic con- tinue to move in atup in this to reference fashion within Japan, the issue of Third Power

rights in China will not long be left in doubt. ̈ ̈ ̈

and Mr. Piercy, head master,

A. J. Kew.

•

*

We are to some extent and by com- parison with certain other countries a free people. But those of us who se Bocialists believe that within a frame work of voluntary discipline a greater freedom than we possess is obtainable,

The application of, this to the ques tion of the criminal has been best stated by Bernard Shaw: "Imprison- ment cannot be fully understood by those who do not understand froodom.” SMALLPOX IN HONGKONG :· Hongkong has been declared an

The school's successes in sport were maring LA (Commenter F. J. C. Hala at Nanking and in Southern Chlas this very satisfactory in all branches. At han) at Bins Bay in October, 1927, was re-affirmation of Japanean rofusal to the Hongkong Schools' Athletic meeting recallad before the Chief Justice (Bir accept even a very shadowy Chinous In April it won events, including the fenty Gollan) in the Supreme Court uzerainty over Manchuria will hardly Qtter-lle Challenge Cup gained by this morning, when the owners brought improve Sino-Japanese relations,

An action against Lieutenant Comman-

Foochow is now definitely under the alleging] dor Halahan for damages,

control of Nanking, thus clarifying We have, before now, remarked on wrongful sinking of the frend.

The ship was attacked by pirates on somewhat ambiguous situation.

It is understood that the troops of: certain spots in the Colony whore more light in badly wanted. Kewicon in the evening of Wednesday, October 10, notorious in this respect, but there are when on voyage from Shanghai to the XIXth Houto Army left behind in places in Victoria fleck where an extra Amoy. At Blas Bay H.M. Hubmarine the retreat mouth, have all crossed the street lamp or two cauld be placed with I came on the scene and signalled the Min River after fighting rearguard infected port on account of small-pox

(then proceeding Inwards) to action with Nanking marines and are advantage. One of the worst i la the Irena

Malay States. long flight of steps in Chancery Lane, stop, which the pirates refused to do. now moving south to join the main by the Government of the Federated where the absence of a light, half-way}. The auhmaring then fired a warning body.

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