1938-11-18 — Page 18

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1988.

A WHISKY

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and TANG.

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CANTON AGENTS

for the

Hongkong Telegraph

WM. FARMER & CO. Victoria Hotel Building. Shameen, Canton.

Tel. 13501.

PETROL

COSTS.

Here are the Facts to-day about

THE FORMER GERMAN

DOWN COLONIES

VAUXHALL engines get 20%

more power out of every drop

of petrol used. That is why recent R.A.C.official trials over 1000 miles of public roads, produced these extraordinary results:

25 h.p.

14k.p. top.

22.48 m.p 20.18 m...

43.4 m.P..

Compare these figures with those abiria. able on care of similar power. And ther compare general performance. We will provide an adequate trial run on any Vauxhall model and prove its petrol

economy.

HONGKONG HOTEL GARAGE

Stubbs Rd.

Tel. 27778-9.

Vauxhall

SEE

and

TRY

THE 10 and 12 H.P.

The

Hongkong Telegraph.

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1938.

Our Weak Earth

The former German colonics are ruled under It is an order What is mandate.

a mandate? from the League of Nations entrusting a State with the governance of another people-in other words, the post-war alternative to the outright annexation of colonies.

The award of the mandates was decided after the war by the Supreme Council of the Allies, and the Mandatory Powers-that is those administering the territorics-have to render an account of their stewardship to the Permanent Mandates Com- mission of the League.

The Mandatory Power is a trustee rather than a proprietor. Its authority-exercised on behalf of. the League-is conferred solely with a view to securing the well-being of the inhabitants of the territory concerned.

The inhabitants of a mandated territory do not automatically become subjects of the country hold- ing the mandate. They are given diplomatic pro- tection abroad and may become naturalised sub- jects. Otherwise they are simply persons protected under mandate.

were

man

FRENCH WEST AFRICA

NIGERIA

TOGOLAND

(CAMEROONS]

ATLANTIC

OCEAN

Mandates British....... Union of S.Africa French....

Belgian.......

K

Khartum

ANGLO- EGYPTIAN SUDAN

ABYSSINIA

(ITALIAN)

KENYA

BELGIAN

CONGO

COLON

ALIAN

Motoria

BHANDA &URANDA

Tanganyika

Zanzibar

PORTUL

Bergvalla

SOUTH WEST APRICA

ása.

TANGANYIKA TERRITORY

Beiri

Territory ccded to Germany 1911.

Reverted to France

in 1918... Shown CAPETOWN

The Cameroons

BECHUANA-

CLA

UNION OF

SOUTH AFRICA

NDIAN

OCEAN

Miles

Since 1910 roads have been built, railway lines laid, and tele-

ture in the landscape has fought to make the land

MOST impressive fea- phones extended. Medical science

African only WHAT was Germany's had fallen to 27 per cent.; Ger- is the active volcane, Mount worth living in.

Cameroon, the

So much for Germany's pre- former standing as a many's had risen to 14 per cent.

mountain to be washed by the Germans like the Colonial Power? Where

place. sen. This 13,000ft. giant stands war possessions in Africa. Of her colonies? What did they Granted the right of free entry in British territory, for the Ger- her Pacific territories, the most produce? How have they de- in 1925, about 3,000 settled there man Cameroons, 191,000 square important was: Thirty-three earthquake shocks veloped under mandatory rule? in 12 years. There are 546 Ger- miles, were divided into British

landowners; 493 British. and French mandates. Britain New Guinea Now that the Colonial issue is The rest are Greeks and Indians. took 34,000 square miles-

THE mandate of German are recorded at the Royal Obser-

New Guinea, along Sisal is Tanganyika's main strip on the north-west, adjoin-

with the Bismarck Archipelago, vatory in Hongkong in twelve likely to come to the forefront,

these questions are being every stay the plant from which ing Nigeria.

A hot, rainy, mountainous, and the Solomon Islands, was days. The total is phenomenal. where asked. In the next few cordage and twine are made. It

for half her export rather uncomfortable land--the granted after the war to Aus Five of the quakes were major months the destiny of the ex- accounts

least developed of all the Ger- tralia-and the development in Lerritories scattered trade. Other products are cot- catastrophes which, had they❘ German

only 320 Europeans in the Bri- remarkable. Of all the ex-Ger- occurred on land and not in the over Africa, Australasia, the lon, groundnuts, coffee, hides, man colonies. To-day there are New Guinea since then has been

tish part, among 780,000 natives, man colonies none other South Sen Islands, and the Far

They do a nice trade in cocon, made no much progress. Pacific Ocean, would have occa-East will occupy the attention of German South-West

rubber, palm kernels, palm oll-

The German portion of this and lately in bananas, and ex- still largely unknown island was panding industry.

90,000 square miles, with a na- The Cameroons, too, was a tive population of about half a costly jewel in the Imperial million. In 1910 imports were crew. Consider the Budget of £194,000, exports £181,000. In 1912-receipts, £316,000; ex 1936 Australian enterprise had

sioned terrific loss of life.

skins, gold,

"A.

has

statesmen.

DREARY and de solate region which Alaska, the Aleutian Islands,

Before the war Germany

of little Japan, Formosa, the Philippines, ranked third among the Colonial seems likely to prove

value," wrote LE pessimistic New Guinea and New Zealand Powers. The three great na- traveller in 1899. All the same, lie directly along the weakest tions of Western Europe exer- there's money in it. The Union cised dominion over these areas: of South Africa runs this colony part of the earth's crust. Hong-Great Britain 11,460,000 square miles of $18,000 square miles, with its penditure, £882,000. There is increased trade more than ten- kong is a hundred miles outside France 4,223,000 square miles 1,000-miles coastline.

1,134,000 square milles the zone.

Previous Disasters

The biggest earthquake ever recorded occurred in China in

Germany

1556 A.D. H-lf a million people were killed.

Over 77,000 lost their lives in ' for colonies.

German In 1914, while the

the terrible Messina disaster of

December 28, 1908. Twenty-

the German

still a deficit-though not so big fold. Exports stood at £2,500,- Revenue in the small British 000: imports at £1,400,000, In 1912 for every £ Germany section in 1935 was £94,000 and leaving a nice favourable bal- To-day there are no German sent South-West Africa she got expenditure £121,000-out of ance. colonies. They have been split about seven shillings back. pocket, £20,000.

Coconut is by far the principal up among the British Empire, Things were much better than

crop, and the yield of this and France, Belgium, and Japan.

that two years ago. Here is the Togoland

other products, such as coffee, Most of the German terri- 1936-37 Budget: Receipts, £648,-

AMONG

cocon, and rubber, has been en- colonies, Togoland was ormously increased by scientific tories were acquired around 1884 000; expenditure, £769,000.

trade the ewe lamb. It was a model methods of cultivation. and 1885. That was at the A £600,000 adverse height of the international race balance had been converted (ac estate, self-supporting, peaceful,

In 1914 there were 84,000 cording to the latest returns) not asking for any subsidies-no

acres of plantations. Two years into a surplus of well over £1,- trouble at all.

484,000 acres.

000 natives, the German popula- which also includes animals for with a coast line of only 82 miles. with Australia, with Britain tal- large share of the export trade, 345 miles into the interior, yet The bulk of the trade is done tion itself in them was only 18,- slaughter, meat, hides and skins, It ran to 23,700 square miles, but ing second place. In 1935-36 and butter. One valuable posses- now it is split up into British this country sold the territory

French mandates. Our goods worth £184,000. Let us take a look at these sion is the deposits of vanadium, and

́used for steel alloys.

portion is a narrow ribbon of Out in the Pacific, mere dots Vast ex-German possessione.

More than 400 miles of new 13,000 square miles adjoining, on the atlas, are the Marshall German East Africa railways and 700 miles of motor and administered by, the Gold Islands, the Marianne Islands, the Caroline Islands, and the HERE, in the language roads have been added since the Coast,

Germans left. South-West Africa The principal trade is done in island of Polew. Japan holds of estate agents, is a India is in the danger zone for choice property, now known as also takes a small share of Bri- palm kernels, palm oil, and cocoa, these mandates.

situate between tish goods. Two years ago 50 but it is difficult to estimate the Tanganyika, earthquakes and has received Konga on the north and Portu- per cent. of its importa came growth of commerce since Ger- Far East frequent visitations of a dis-guese East Africa on the south. from Germany; only 20 per cent. man times, as complete British

from Britain.

statistics are not published. nstrous nature. The famous Held under British mandate.

colonies were peopled by 15,000,000,000. Diamonds form a A queer sort of land-running ago there were

four thousand were killed in

another Italian earthquake on January 13, 1915. The terrible Japanese earthquake of Septem- ber 1, 1923 claimed 99,474 lives. In the 1934 Formosan disaster, 2,471 people lost their lives and 50,000 were rendered homeless.

Assam earthquake of 1897 was violently felt over the largest part of India, 2,500 people being killed in Shillong.

Eight

later, years

India shook in the great April, 1905 carthquake, when 20,000 lives were lost. This earthquake was

500.

Formerly comprising 384,000 square miles, cessions of land to Belgium and Portugal have re- duced it to 360,000 square miles.

Population in 1914 was 7,500,- 000, including 5,000 Europeans and 13,000 Asiatica. To-day the Europeans have increased 9,000, Asiatics to 32,000.

to

felt over an area estimated at "German East" was not a pro- fitable investment. Expendi- 1,625,000 EQUATE miles 1 Its

turo in 1912 was £1,800,000, with centre was in the Kangra valley, only £624,000 coming back to the in the north-west Himalayao. Imperial coffers. Now the The shock of the Bengal wealth of the country has multi- plied. Last year on a £2,000,000 earthquake of January 15, 1984, Budget there was a surplus of was recorded in Hongkong at an £19,000. Intensity comparable with that in Yokohama and Tokyo in 1928. Nearly three thousand people lost their lives in this

disaster.

Thirty thousand people died at Quetta three years ago.

Trade, too, has made big strides in 20 years. In 1910 imports were £1,900,000 and ex- ports just over £1,000,000—near-i ly a million to the bad. In 1936 the imports had grown to £3,- 350,000 and exports to £4,500,-

|000—or £9,850,000 on the right

side.

The five major earthquakes Britain's share of this com- recorded sinco November 5 merco la decreasing. Tangan- were equal in intensity to vika took 42 per cent. of its im- ports from this country in 1930 greatest shock recorded this cen- tury 1

and 8.8 per cent. from Germany. Two years ago Britain's sharo

GRIN AND BEAR IT

BOR

GERMANY'S only Far Eastern possession was Kiao-chow, wrested from China in 1897 as reparation for

By Lichty the murder of two of her mis-

“Well?-are you coming along quietly, or do we have to use force?"

sionaries. Later, by agreement, it was leased to Germany for 99 years. Japan took it over dur- ing the war, handed it to China afterwards, and is now wrang- ling over it.

Finally, and this is the limit of German possessions before the war, there were the Samoan. Islands and little Nauru.

In 1914 the Samoan Islands were occupied by Now Zealand, and at the end of the war the mandate was awarded to that Dominion. There is always a surplus in the small but healthy | Budget of happy Samon. The equally healthy conditions of the light-hearted islanders is shown by the fact that the population increased from 40,000 to 55,000 between 1926 and 1980.

Nauru is an atoll only 12 miles in circumference, but its surface is almost entirely made up of phosphates. The export of phosphates in 1938 alone was well over half a million `tons. This valuable island is now held under the joint mandato of Bri- tain, Australia, and New Zea land.