1938-11-16 — Page 30

THE HONGKONG TE LEGRAPII, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1938.

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Freed 8,000,000

Women

Kemal Ataturk, first of the 20th-century Dictators, the man who transformed Turkey from mediaevallim to

a progressive modern State; who has freed 8,000,000: toomen from:

the shackles of vell and harem, is dead,

career har been, an astounding one. Here is the atory of this remarkable man

Sitting in the Government offices in Smyrna, this time wear. ing the khaki uniform and fur "kalpak" of a Turkish general, he stated his terms of peace, both with the Greeks and with their Allied backers.

He said that if they were not granted he would march on Con- stantinople, then garrisoned by Allied troops.

British Troops Sent

A

"GENERAL Mustapha Kemal Pasha would

THAT threat brought like to have a talk with you,”

Britain to within said the Swiss manager of the hair's-breadth of another war in Pera Palace Hotel in Constan- the Near East. British troops tinople [now Istanbul), a few were rushed out to Constan- Tel. 27778-9.days after Turkey had signed tinople; the Dominions were her armistice with the Allies on asked to co-operate once more; October 30, 1918.

the Turkish Army advanced to I had just arrived with the within sight of the British Hines Chief of Staff of the Salonica at Chanak, Army in a destroyer, before the The self-restraint and patience TRY THE 10 AND 12 H.P. Dardanelles had been opened by of General Sir Charles Haring-

Vauxhall

The

Hongkong Telegraph.

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1938.

Linked by "Isolation"

BRITONS

and Americans,

like members of a family, sometimes let their very resem- blances push them apart. In the United States there has been more than a little

com- plaint that Great Britain "let the Czechs down." From seemingly safe distance some vocal Americans about it than the Czechs.

were

more

the sweeping of the minefields. ton, then British Commander- At that time Mustapha Kemal, in-Chief at Constantinople, avert-!

A truce was whose death last Friday made ed this disaster, main page headlines all over the concluded at Mudania, and there world was known only as the able began the long conference of young general who had been Lausanne, at which the victori-

Turks obtained A largely responsible for the defeat gus of the British attack on

the favourable revision of the peace Gallipoli Peninsula..

treaty which they had been forced to sign after their descat Frock-Coat And Fez

in the Great War.

very

_Cope, 1928 by Uszod Pretors Erndteste, îna

"Now.

CAPTAIN TWEEDLES TATTOO PARLOR

QUE WORE

NIFTY PAYES PITE

By Lichty

2-17

Just work on the arm-I'm savin' this space fill the

right girl comes along!"

A day with a LEADER and HIS WIFE

Generallesimo Chiang Kai-shek and his Wellesley-educated wife, Met ling Soong, have borne seemingly crushing burdens for more than a year. The pattern of life of probably the world's busiest man and wife is rigid, uct the two form a co-ordinated team unique in history. In the following article, written shortly before the fall of Hankow, a United Press Cor- respondent pictures a typical day with the generalissimo and Bime Chiang.

By F. M. FISHER

и

His wife is of great assistance

in keeping him in touch with for papers and magazines and telling. eign opinion by reading the foreign him about them.

the

Kemal's earcer seemed to ENVER PASHA, the

have renched its climax. He Commander-in-Chief, jealous of his successes, had tried cd the tables on

had crushed the Greeks and turn- the Allied to side-track him, and Kemal had powers. His countrymen be- never got on well with the Ger- stowed on him the ancient Tur- man General Staff in Turkey. kish title of "Ghazi," or "Con-

IL soon transpired that the queror of the Infidel."

How does a man behave when With his interviewers out of the object of his invitation to my-

But Kemal was still only at he is guiding the destinies of way the generalissimo turns again self was to try to find

some the outset of his extraordinary nearly a quarter of the world's to incoming reports and reads the newspapers. He is an omnivorous means of conveying to the Bri-record of achievement, which has population at war?

newspaper reader, reading all the tish Government an offer of his transformed Turkey from A Chiang Kai-shek is unquestionably local papers, many from other parts services.

of China and digests (in Chineze) His mediaeval to a modern State. the mainspring of China at war.

of foreign publications. American-educated wife is his first I found hin a granite-

He became the first of the lieutenant and closest confidente, featured, fair-moustached

man Dictators, and, having regard to sharing with him many of the tre- of 37, wearing a civilian frock- the primitive social and economic the world's most populous nation mendous responsibilities of leading coat and red fez. In England there has always

conditions with which he had to through the perils of war. How do

Luncheon is served at 12:30 or 1. In slow emphatic French he death, his success is full worthy they conduct themselves from day to been a strong feeling that much expressed the

o'clock. Occasionally a high mil- opinion that to rank beside those of the heads day, how do they stand the strain?

Govern-

Briefly the answer is that they live Itary commander or two, a few per- of Britain's troubles since the Turkey should never have sided of the authoritarian

a life of almost monastic simplicity, sonal friends, or sometimes a for- against Britain. She must now ments of Western Europe. closely adhering to personal rules and efgn diplomat is invited to share war have come from caring for pay the penalty of defeat, but, as. To those who knew the old schedules that help them to remain the simple meal with the Chinese. a foundling left on Europe's

a patriotic Turk, he hoped that, pre-Kemal Turkey the changes of an incredible amount of work.

calm and unflurried as they dispose Seldom are there more than five or

six at the table. if Turkish territory, was to be that he has wrought would seem doorstep

Although American or European by America the occupied by the Allies, it would inconceivable. In 1923 I travel- the madame," na they are referred foot is served several times each.

While both "the generalissimo and League of Nations. In London be the British and

not the led with him from Constantinople to here, are extremely reticent and weck, lunch and dinner in the even- French who would take amid official appreciations of Asia Minor.

over to Angora and saw the beginning shun publicity of a personal nature, ing are usually simple Chinese food

close associates

Auch as have furnished a

an ordinary, well-to-do of the revolution that he subse- picture of a day in the life of this Chinese merchant or business man. President Roosevelt's messages In that case, he said, a staff of quently brought about "in the couple.

would have at home. Turkish oficials would be need-life of his people..

After The generalissimo invariably rises

lunch to Chancellor Hitler there are

the generalissimo. ed, and he would be quite willing Angora [Ankaral], now a mo-setting-up exercises, a bath and

at 6. Twenty or 30 minutes brisk takes a nap for 30 minutes or an unofficial remarks about all this

hour, then deals again with to serve, under British authority, dern European city, with hotels shave and he joins his wife at 7 for never-ending stream of documents having been "unnecessary if as a Governor of one of the pro- of European standard, fine pub- their "quiet time." This half hour,

and reports, It is usually during. vinces of that area.

this after-lunch period that he America had not deserted the

lic buildings, and broad boule- from 7 to 7.30 is never amitted, no

matter how pressing other affairs tablishes direct contact with the Beld If the course that Mustapha vards, was then a squalid Anato-may be. Together they customarily commanders at the front by tele- League."

Kemal then had in mind could lian town.

read a short passage from the Bible hears their reports, gives suggestions. phone, telegraph and radio. He have been adopted, the whole

in Chinese and one

the daily of the subsequent history of the Middle wooden caravanserai, in which I

The only inn was a verminous "Morning Readings" prepared by and orders concerning actual opern-

the Christian Literature Society of tons. East might have been very had the greatest difficulty in Shanghai, discuss the reading and Sometime during the afternoon he not occupied. It remained under room with iron bedstead for my an ordinary Chinese breakfast of rice- Staff, the Operations different. But Asia Minor was securing a dingy, whitewashed then kneel and pray together. presides at a staff conference, at- Breakfast is a simple meal, usually tended by members of the General the nominal authority of a self alone. The sanitation was gruel, eggs and a vegetable or two other visitors

Board other military branches. puppet Turkish Government in of the Middle Ages, and the only The generalissimo

received. Constantinople, which was con- kind of bath available was a coffee or even tea, feeling that even flexibility of the afternoon's pro- trolled by the Allied High Com- petrol-tin filled with water.

these mild stimulants detract from views and reports such as that which Brom permits occasional long inter- hia physical and mental ability to Dr. Sun Fo recently made on re- missioner there.

There was a single restaurant withstand the strains he must under-

turning from his important mission [Swift Victories

in the town, where goat's flesh 80.

to Europe. WAS the standing dish. The After breakfast the generallssimo

In peace times the Chiangs were THESE aged Turkish Prime Minister lived in the sta- turns at once to important military

accustomed to go for a short walk statesmen saw in Lion-master's oflice on the small dispatches and reports, making

rapid survey of the situation at the in the carly evening, but even this Kemal, with his past military railway platform. There were various fronts, then dictates urgent brief recreation has had to be ahan- achievements and political acti- then no diplomats in Angora, instructions and orders regarding doned owing to pressure of work vities, a source of potential dan- but the American Consul and his the conduct of operations. At 8:30 since hostilities commenced.

the first of a long line of visitors The Chionga ordinarlly dine at ac- wife inhabited a railway-coach.and interviewers is received. ger for themselves. They

7.30 or 8, the meal being similar to cordingly sent him over to Asia Minor in the following year to a small modern villa outside the sons-important government

Mustapha Kemal himself had It is not unusual for 20 or 30 per- lunch. Afterward they enjoy a brief:

offi- period of comparative relaxation, act as Inspector-General.

town, and he showed me the cials, high military commanders, usually alone together. They read This gave him the opportunity plans of the new capital which aides and advisers to have bus- letters, a few late reports and some

incss of suficient importance to times books. He always avoids con... to organise that stronghold of he intended to create. I looked merit an interview with the gen- alderation or discussion of serious the Turkish race not as an Allied out over the desolate marshy cralissimo. To deal with this num- problems after dinner. They retire dependency but as a Turkish plain depicted as its site and in- ber of interviews he has upset old-at 10 or 11 o'clock.

style Chinese official etiquette сп Mme. Chiang's day, as full as that. Nationalist State, defiant of wardly registered complete tirely and established his own set of her husband, is more varied. Since Sultan, Grand Vizier, and Allies scepticism.

of rules:

relinquishing her post as secretary- alike.

First, visitors must come directly general of the Aeronautical Affairs With burning zeal and ruth- "Father Of The Turks" to the point, expressing quickly and Commission she has turned har at- less determination, he revived

concisely exactly what they have to tention to social welfare and rollef work, chiefly with war orphans, wo- the warlike spirit of the Turkish ́

YET his schemes have say or unle

also been fulfilled to the Second, a written report should men and girl workers. She is

one of the leading spirits of the New- Army to such effect that when last detail, and with a minimum be prepared in advance. Sometimes Life Movement, participating active. the Greeks, two years later, of foreign help. Kemal abolish- the previous day to enable Chiang ects and acting as virtual head of

these written reports are submitted

tedly in most of its social welfare pro- landed at Smyrna and marched ed the State religion of Jalam, to familiarize himself with the de- the women's section of the move- tain conditions they will be in-up-country to seize the rich did away with the harem, com- tails.

tails. Even the style of these re- volved. This similarity of pur-coastal zone that had been propelled his people to adopt Euro-e old involutions and

ports is

courtesies mised to them as their share of penn dress and habits of life, in- they must be as terse and direct the work of thers and other projects poses and positions ought to

Investigations and planning for help each to "sce oursel's as falling back before them, turned, instead of Arabic characters,

the war-booty, Kemal, after first troduced Latin script and figures as a good executive's business letter, together with her personal

Third, visitors are allowed just respondence occupy her mornings. others see us," A shared desire and in a series of swift victories, and even obliged the Turks to five minutes.

She usually attends to her corres- for "isolation" from what Mr. drove the whole Greek Army assume surnames, setting the His associates any that in these pondence personily, often typing her Much of it is" with. Chamberlain spoke of the other helter-skelter out of Asia Minor. example by taking for himself the man out, asks a few questions

Interviews the generalissimo hears own letters.

foreigners, olther in China day as quarreling "in a distant

It was on the morrow of this that of "Ataturk," or "Father of and then delivers an immediate de- abroad.

astounded the Turks."

claion, since he cannot afford the During the afternoons Mme. land" should be not a cause of success, which had

and dismayed the Allied Govern- Amid so conservative a race work.

time to defer decisions and pile up Chiang receives visitors. Her list of

A Chineso division, but a bridge to under-ments, that I had my second these changes were bound

stenographer interviewers is often nearly as long: to makes a complete record, of each, and important as fier husband's. standing..

meeting with Mustapha Kemal. (Continued on Page 10.)

Interview.

(Continued on Page 3.)

Clearly all such recrimina- tions are unprofitable and indeed weakening. There is a danger that each country will use the other's poor behaviour to excuse its

own.. Such

backbiting makes for misunderstanding and division at a time when under- standing and unity are needed. And it's all very foolish. Ameri- cans who talk loudest about British "rosponsibility" often are the same ones who want America to "wash its hands" of Europe. And Britons who re- proach

"isola- America for tionism" wish fervently that the English Channel were as wide

as the Atlantic.

are

Actually both nations moved by similar motives; both are trying to keep as free from trouble as emotions, interests, ideals, and self-respect will per-

Phone 23580.

mit. Both fear that under cer-

"TELEGRAPHS"

EVERYWHERE

revolutionary:

never

instead

drinks

of

ment.

arc

and

Later

The

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