1938-10-24 — Page 30

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, Monday, OCTOBER 24, 1938.

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MONDAY, OCronan 24, 1938.

DISSENSION IS TREASON

THE CZECHS HISTORIC HOMELAND

Countrymen of "Goods King Wenceslas".

Bohemia's Centuries-Old Sudeten Minority

By H. D. ZIMAN

OR many British spec- Crecy, and from whose helm the early folk-wanderlugs, but it is hereditary (title of King before of the still- Black Prince is said (by a prob- fair, I think, to note that both Premsyl Ottaker I. (1197-1230) tators unfinished tragic dra- ably untrue legend) to have Czechs and Germans can claim succeeded in obtaining the king- picked the three feathers which that their races are anything ship as a hereditary title, 'con- ma which has been taking form the crest of a Prince of but newcomers.

firmed by the Pope and by suc-

of

But fow

Czechs.

place in Central Europe, the Wales. Even more have beard Even before they had estab. cessivo Emperors. issue has been shrouded not and sung) "Good King lished themselves in Moravia While the dignity of the Czech have and Bohemia the Slay in their realm was being raised, increa merely by propraganda, and Wenceslas." by personal sympathies and realised that these two figures westward advance must have aing ties were being created hopes, but by a normal and known as Czec the people now overrun what is now Slovakia, with the Holy Roman Empire, and by the end of the 9th cen- and atl increasing German natural public ignorance

AFTER VERSAILLES tury a "Great Moravian" Empire minority entering the Bohemian. concerning a country of

had been established which in- kingdom. They mainly kept to which the present name did

An almost equal vagueness in cluded the Western Slovaks. their own language and largely the popular mind envelopes the But this Empire was not appear on pre-war maps position of the Sudeten Ger- early in the 10th century by the Sudeten Germans had arrived- broken to their own settlements. The for occur in pre-war history

mano. It in possible still to books written in our own meet

Magyars, who gained possession or returned. Yet the distance? persons creditably well-

of Slovakia in the 11th century which separates mediacyóf racial language.

informed on foreign affairs who and continued to hold it, except jealousles from modern theories Had the Czechs and their believe that the German-speak for brief intervals, as part of of "blood-and-aoil" are well illus friends presented their country ing citizens whom the Fuchrer the Hungarian Kingdom till trated in the reign of the great to the outside world under its wishes to "return to the Reich 1918. öld familiar name of Bohemia were pre-war citizens of Ger-

that it would be more generally sallies.

Chinese

and again the 15th century there

Charles of Bohemia, who na the

of

were

was

(much as the people who call many lost (like the Alsatians In the second half of the 13th Emperor Charles IV. (1346-78) themselves the Hellenes are and Lorrainers and the in- century Slovakia, it is true, made Prague his favourite capi- known to the outside world as habitants of the Polish Corridor) came for a time under the Czech tal. Greeks) it is at least possible in the great reshuffle of Ver- King of Bohemia; in the 14th HUSS'S MARTYRDOM

were brief periods of Slovak in- The Premyslid House had died understood that the claims of The Czecho-Slovakia of the dependence. But Czechs and out in 1306. The blind King the country to independence Peace Treaties did, indeed, in- Slovaks-originally the same John mentioned earlier was & were not something, as it were, clude a few square milea of what people and preserving even to- member of the House of Luxem- dropped out of a hat by the

was formerly Prussia. This day almost the same language bourg, but married to a Premy- Pence Conference of 1919.

small section contined under 50, have continued to belong to slid Princess. His son, Charles Most British schoolchlidren

000 inhabitants of whom 80 different countries and to be IV., spoke French, German and have heard of the blind King per cent. spoke (and speak) a governed on the whole under Bohemian with equal facility, John of Bohemin, who fell at

Moravian-Czech dialect. The different systems, although from and insisted that his German remainder of Czecho-Slovakia 1490 until 1918 they shared the officials should speak the nation- members of the Chinese National was carved out of the old Austro- same foreign Sovereigns. The al language. The use of Czech It became a maxim under the Government is a greater blow to Hungarian Empire, where the Kingdom of Bohemia survived in or German was optional in the old Roman laws that Treason the cause of China than the loss Sudetens had been neighbours of reality until 1620 and in theory civic assemblica. Half в сеп- was next to sacrilege in gravity, of a city. Such utterances sow the Czechs in a common State, till 1918. There was no "King- tury before the German univer-

the seeds of dissension, breed greater or smaller, for many dom of Slovakia."

sities had been organised he Throughout the centuries this

founded the dictum has held; in fact, Trea-lsters attacking China from the

University disunity. With these two mon-centuries.

THE GERMANS' RETURN Prague. Much of the early history of con-Bohemia is still dim for lack of The earliest Czech rulers-to Under his successor, Wences- ton may now be said to rank in rear, she cannot hope to

tinue her gallant stand in front. records and excess of racia: pro- return to Bohemia-did not las IV., serious reforms most countries as the gravest

The loss of Canton is a dis-paganda legends. Czechs and have the rank of King, "Good called for in the Church. The offence that can be committed aster, but it was no more Sudetens regard one another King Wenceslas," though he was leader of the reformers

disaster than was the loss of the with varying degrees of em- to have four namesakes with the John Huss, Rector of the Uni- against the people.

It is still too early to state Marne to the Allies in 1914. The phasis as intruders, but impartial kingly title, was in fact merely versity of Prague (from which

Allies regained the Marne, as definitely that Treason and trai- China can, with continued unity, historians recall that the carliest an independent Prince ruling the King's policy drove the bulk known inhabitants of the coun- over Bohemia. He appears to of the German students and pro- tors were involved in the down-regain Canton. The

to the Romans as Boil-whose monarch, subsequently canonised Czech heroes. A purifier rather fall of Canton although, in view people must learn, as the Bri-try were actually Celts, known have been not merely a plous fessors) and greatest of all

tish, French and Italian people

Tucitus. names as by the Roman Church, but an en- than a Protestant, Huss is be- of all the circumstances, there learned in the dark days of capital ..Peter Dawson with Chorus seems no other explanation. 1914-17, that there is no dis-Boichaemum, Before the first lightened man, who forbade pub- lieved to have come into contact German tribes lic executions. He died in 929, with the writings of Wyclif Never in its centuries of history

honour or finality in temporary century A.D.

Belgium, (notably the Marcomanni and murdered on his way to Mass by through Bohemian students who defeat or retreat.

came to England in the retinue has the Kwangtung capital fal- Servia, and Rumania became the Quadi) had invaded and one of his brothers.

the territory of an invader in settled in Bohernia and the ad- The Pope had accepted a of Anne of Bohemia, daughter Messrs. S. MOUTRIE & CO., LTD. len to an invading allen army 1914 and 1915; Russia capitu-joining province, Moravia; but Slavonic liturgy, introduced to of Charles IV; and wife of our with such ridiculous case, and lated in 1917. Nearly all of they later pushed onward into Bohemia by Greek missionaries, own Richard I. Hussites began the only logical conclusion that France was overrun and the what is now known as Bavarin, unwillingly, and when Prague to be persecuted as disciples of can be reached is that silver has Italians were meeting with dis-and were replaced, after an in- became a bishopric, he insisted Wyclif, and Huss himself, per- aster after disaster at the hands 'terval of Lombard power, by a on the use of Latin. Thus suaded by Sigismund of Hun- been used in the greatest be of the greatest Army the world Slav influx,

Wenceslas and his successors, gary, brother of Wenceslas, to trayal the world has known for has known. But morala re- BOTH OF EARLY ORIGIN ruling over a still largely pagan travel under promise of a safe-

welcomed people,

educated conduct to Constance and de- nineteen centuries.

mained firm, and the nations which for three years fought a This process-the German priests from Germany. During fend his views before a General The story of this apparent losing war finally prevailed. This conquest and exodus-seems to the 12th and 13th centuries, Council of the Church, was ar they began to en rested and burnt at the stake in betrayal may not be told for is history which the Chinese have occupied the first five cen- morcover,

turics A.D. Bohemia by the sixth courage the immigration of 1415. many weeks. In the meantime, people should take to heart.

The first effect of Huss's During the Japanese advance, century appears to have been German traders and craftsmen. China's gateway and stronghold this newspaper received one or almost completely Slav, but even Already the Premyslida (as martyrdom was a virtual

called) tional revolt against allegiance in the South has fallen, and a two letters from Chinese readers in the first century, or earlier so the Royal House was

cvidenco in were acknowledging the au- to Rome. A series or religious new and equally deadly form of accusing us of pro-Japanism be-archaeological

cause we published reports diedicates, Bohemia had at least a thority of the Holy Roman Em- wars followed, which were Treason is making its appear-closing that the Japanese ad- scattering of Slav inhabitants. peror and marrying German really ended for 200 years. The ance the Treason which is devance was much more rapid No sane person would build princesses. Two members of conflict was nationalist as well fined by the Oxford Dictionary would admit. We believed then, data to be derived from these the Emperors the personal (not brad, clected first as Regent, and than ohial Chinese sources political theories on the scanty the House had been granted by as doctrinal. George of Pode- as falseness to the government and wo continue to believe, that worse disservice China's of the country. It is this type the of Treason for which the in-leaders can do their people is to

completely hush Chinese vaders of China have prayed | verses. The danger of this for sixteen months. It is the policy became apparent imme- Treason which has allowed pup-diately with the loss of Canton, which could not be hushed up. pet regimes to come into being so confident were the vast in Peiping and Nanking. It is majority of Chinese people that the Treason wherein a section the Japanese were still some of the people betrays their coun-scores of miles from Canton, and try in its hour of need by ex-wore encountering opposition of pressing dissatisfaction with, or such a nature that the fall of the city was not even a remote transferring allegiance from.

possibility, that when disaster the leaders of the National Gov-came on Friday the effect was ernment. The vilest Treason of catastrophic. Had, vernacular this type insofar as China ís and other European newspapers concerned is the transference published a true state of affairs, of allegiance from the National na did the Telegraph, we are Government to the leaders of confident that the loss of Canton would have been accepted so the so-called governments who

philosphically that there would are manifestly puppets dangling not have been this subsequent at the ends of strings pulled by hunting for scapegoats which is the invaders. A milder, but injurious to the cause of equally dangerous form of Trea-China. son, is any attempt to disredit We would be lacking in

responsibilities to the existing Government of our

readers and, we believe, in China.

our friendship for the Chinese Wo would like to lasue this people, were wo to refrain from warning to the Chinese people: publishing accurate and imme- An utterance by any responsible dinte reports of events in China, or semi-responsible Chinese per-merely on the grounds that it is son or newspaper which seeks better that the Chinese people should not hear about impend- discredit .. Generalissimo

ing disasters until they have Chiang Kai-shok or the other occurred.

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to

re-

our

t

GRIN AND BEAR IT

113-

not

then as Bohemia's only Protes- |tant King, was the only purely

By Lichty Czech monarch after the Fremy-

"Don't you dare throw that hat'away--it's cost me a fortune in check-rooms.”

slids..

After the reigns of Vladislav and Louis of Poland, to whom the Crown had passed, Bohemia fell in 1626 under four centuries of Hapsburg domination. The art-loving and eccentric Rudolph II., who mado Prague again the capital of the Empire, issued the celebrated "Letter of Majesty" in 1609, which gave the Bohemian Protestant religion ecclesiastical, and educational rights at least equal to those of the Catholic minority. Rudolph was, however, deposed, and the Crown passed in turn to his brother Matthow and his nep- how, Ferdinand II., who deter mined to reconquer Bohemia for the Roman Catholic faith, The Thirty Years' War, which do vastated so much of Europe, actually began with the colo brated "Defenestration of. Prague," when three of Fer- dinand's Roman Catholic coun- cillors were thrown out of a window of the castle into the moat--an experience which they survived.

LINK WITH. BRITAIN

It was at this point that the Diet deposed Fordinand and

(Continued on Page 5.)`'

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