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WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1938.
DIEU DEFEND LE DROIT !
GRAND FLEET
By Hector C. Bywater
I was
an event of historic Colicctively these ships form-i Significance when, on May 5, powerful and well-balanced fleet, the 11.M.S. Afridi was commissioned last unit of which should be in com- mission by 1942. Five of the ballle- at Portsmouth. In ordinary ships belong to the King George V. circumstances the commission- class, 35,000 tons, protected by mas ing of a new destroyer would not sive armour, engined for n speed of excite much comment. In this about 30 knots, and armed
numerous 14m guns, hard-hitting, case the simple ceremony was a
long-range weapons with a high rate portent.
with
of fire. Their anti-aircraft batterles The meaning of that portent is are the most formidable ever install- fully recognised in naval and diplo- ed in British men-of-war. matic circles at home and abroad.
AIR ARM'S REVIVAL For the Afrid), of 1,850 tons, is the
The two battleships of the 1930 first unit to be completed of a naval
programme ure to be larger, though construction programme which em they will not exceed 40,000 tons. braces nearly 600,000 tons of new They are to mount 16in guns. It is fighting ships, a figure that exceeds understood that further battleships| half the aggregate tonnage of the will be provided for in next year's British Navy of 1035. She is, in fact, Estimates.
been
SIDE GLANCES... By George Clark
ita
NATIONAL BIA
CONTSIT
PINALS TONITE
"Peanuts, popcorn, phone numbers!"
INSULIN AND ITS STRUCTURE
By A Scientifle Correspondent
-
the forerunner of the future Grand Four of the aircraft-carriers now Fleet which is being built to guard building are ships of 23.000 tons; the the 80,000 miles of seaways that con- fifth may be somewhat larger. Their stitute the arteries of the British designed speed is approximately 31 Commonwealth.
knots, and they are reported to have Fourteen years of willateral dis- accommodation for 70 aircraft. To- armament had left those arterien gether with the 22,000-5
2,000-ton Ark Royal, dangerously exposed, ns we discover which is to be commissioned next ed when the Mediterranean crisis month, they will take to
to sea some arose in the autumn of 1935,
420 aeroplanes, a total that will be considerably increased it, as is anti- A DANGEROUS POLICY
elpated, five of the older carriers are
When food is eaten it is moistened purely scientific knowledge of Insulin To consolidate our position in that retained on the active list. Further-
the mouth by digestive julees and is more surprising. It was found sea we had, almost literally, to "re more at least 100 aircraft will even chewed and then swallowed into the that it is a protein of the same class call the legions" by detaching ships tually be borne in battleships and stomach. Other digestive juices are as egg albumin. Like egg albumin, from every foreign station to rein- cruisers fitted with catapults.
there added to the mixture, which is it consists of molecules of a definite force the Mediterranean Fleet. Dur- When It is mentioned that at the then churned around by the stomach's size and more or less globular in ing those critical nine months it beginning of this year the Fleet Air muscular contractions. The food is shape. The melecules of this class would have been difficult, I not im- Arm had a total strength of only 230 considerably dissolved in about an all have weights about 30,000 timer possible, to provide adequate protec- aircraft, the magnitude of the Ad-hour, and the mixture is squirted into that of a hydrogen atom. This hos tion for shipping on any routes but miralty's effort to
to develop naval the small intestine. It is assaulted been proved especially by Svedberg. those in home waters, the Mediter- aviation will be appreciated.
by two more streams Οι digestive of Uppsala, and is one of the most ranean and the African roundabout. Both before and during the Mediter Juice. These come through small remarkable discoveries in recent
It was while the crisis was still rancan crisis the dearth of cruisers pipes into the beginning of the science. acute that the Afridi and six sister gave rise to anxiety. These ships testine from wo glands, in which The uniformity of the shape and It is just a quarter of a cen- vessels were ordered under a sup mand for them must always outrun One gland is the liver and the other is as insulin and egg albumin, which
fun!
So many functions that the they are manufactured by the body mass of molecules of proteins, such tury since Great Britain was mates of 1933. Their unusual size the supply. Upon
plementary vote to the Navy Esil
them
devolves named the pancreas,
have very different biological func- forced into war with Germany and heavy armament were a tacit ad- the direct responsibility of guarding
The object of all this digestion with tluns, seems to depend on some mission that our carlier post-war the trade routes under the pro-juices and chewing and churning is fundamental feature of the structure [in a quarrel that was not our destroyers were outclassed by the big lecting wing of the battle fleet and to reduce food to a solution which is of lying matter. Its clucidation is
flotilla leaders in
in which certain Con. In view of the enormous area of sea capable of passing through the walls therefore of the greatest scientific F.T... Tommy Dorsey & His Orch. seeking; in a quarrel that, up to tinental navies had precisited. For to be covered it is clear that the of the interline into the blood stream
importance. the very moment the British the sake of economy we had present authorised establishment of and then being incorporated into the The molecule of insulin, with mass
building B 8747-Baby, Won't You Please Come Home.
ships which, good in them- 60 modern and 10 over-age cruisers building process of the body. If the about 30,000, is known to be built of Ambassador'in Berlin was hand-selves, were Inferior in tonnage und is inadequate. That this total will be supply of any of the digestive Julcea several thousand atoms. These I just Couldn't Take It, Baby. Fox Trot
ed his passports, we did every-gun-power to potential opponents Increased in the near future is con- falls the digestive process will be up-must be arranged in some more or Lionel Hampton & His Orch. thing in our power
false and dangerous policy which sidered Inevitable.
set. For instance, if the juice, or less globular shape. This shape to avert. ignored the tragic lesson of Coronel
bile, from the liver is stopped from might entirely defy analysts if the and other bitter experiences, such as VALUE OF SUBMARINES We have
dowing into the Intestine by an ob- atoms were arranged singly in an now entered the the one-sided BD5368-Lovelight in the Starlight. Fox Trot.
Pegasus-Koenigsberg Destroyers, too, us the Navy's struction the patient will not be able irregular way, but fortunately there duel. twenty-fifth year after the out-
*mulds of all work," are in constant to digest fat and will have jaundice. (Film: "Her Jungle Love")
is chemical evidence that in all-pro- In consequence of the Mediter- demand for duty as battle flect" Much has been learned of the na-teins the atoms cluster in a few break of the Great War. Many rancan crisis und the
The and origins of the digestive types of groups.
overall shope steady de screens, convoy, and anti-submarine ture terioration of the general a young father and mother 01 situation, the long-delayed restoru programme is completed we shall Minkovski discovered in 1880 that arrangement of these groups. This
political work. (Film: "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm")
Even when the construction Juices by experiment. Mering and of the molecule must depend on the
cally simplifies not even born on tion of the Navy was tackled in have only 100 modern destroyers, animals from which the pancreas greatly Bunny Berigan & His Orch. to-day was
the problem. It August 4, 1914. To a still earnest in the spring of 1830.
plus about 60 old boats dating from gland is removed develop diabetes-occurred to Dr. Dorothy Wrinch,
period. The omission of that is, they cannot assimilate sugary
gary mathematician at Oxford, Still hampered by treaty restric- the war
to consider greater number the memory of tions--which, inter plin, forbade the destroyers from the 1938 building and starchy foods. Minkovski then how groups of these types might be the war is but a childish recol-building of battleships before 1937 plan has evoked criticism, but there showed in 1908 that if a fresh pan-arranged in globular forms, accord- gland was grafted into aning to geometrical principles. She lection. The parents can pass and kept our cruiser tonnage within is reason to belleve that a number of creas
groups are arbitrary ilmits the Admiralty laid these vessels will be orderedt next animal without one the diabetes dis- suggested that these on to their children no first-its plans for the rebuilding of the year.
appeared. It was evident that some capable of forming an hexagonal hand knowledge of what horror Fleet. An unobtrusive census of all
from the pancreas was essen-sheet like a piece of ordinary wire- On the question of submariacs tial for digesting sugar. Physiologists netting, and that this sheet can be naval shipbuilding and armament re- naval opinion is divided, one school searched for it strenuously, but with-folded into a many-aided solid figure war really is.
sources was taken. The result was doubting their value to the British out success until 1922, when Banting which roughly globular. The Responsibility for the last surprising.
Navy, and the other maintaning that and Best obtained it in a relatively number and size of such solid figures Great War has been a subject
they are indispensable both for re- pure form and named it insulin. JUMP IN PRODUCTION
as may be constructed are strictly connaissance and attack. which has produced hundreds of
defined by the laws of geometry, and Firms which had been working at
-Shape of the Molecule
It turned out that by geometry alone. books, thousands of unsettled low pressure during the years of Both schools agree, however, in de-
Since then the methods of prepar- the molecular weight classes found economie depression boldly offered to precating the tendency, observable in
have been much arguments. Even history--for accept contracts which would entall recent speeches by pubile men, to dis- ing insulin
im- by Svedberg can be predicted. Dr. set the last war is history to the threefold increase in production weapon no longer to be regarded as protamine, a protein obtained frons of sld have about
en miss the submarine as an out-moded Proved. It is now compounded with Wrinch considered which of the BUL from her analysis majority of living people-can- the subsequent orders were fulfilled us us much lilusion. Submarines form it acts in the body less quickly the insulin molecule, and she con serious menace. Naval officers are the sperm of various fishes. In this would have about the right mass for not settle the controversy, ex- according to promise. Heavy ord-ure Just as dangerous to merchant so that one large injection will do cluded that it would be one which cept that official documents con-had lain practically idle since the war vessels to-day as they progress in This saves the patient from the dis-groups of atoms.
nance and armour-plate plants which jus
14 the work of repeated small ones. consisted of 288 of the constituent clusively prove that the two were reconditioned and put into ser- detection and counter-attack methods fo
18,
and, despite all the
Professor Bergmann, of New York, excessive number of an nations who genuinely struggled blem to be saved at strous Paur made since the Great War, no cam-sections and also from dangers of found chemical evidence at about the for peace in those fateful July of skilled labour. This still persists, feet comfortable if he knew
was the shortage
that the molecule of egg manding officer of a warship would; overdoses and
relapses. The Improvement in the method of albumin, which is of the same class, days were Great Britain and though it is being overcome as the
submarines were
in his applying insulin is not unexpected, consisted of 288 connected groups, France.
large number of apprentices entered my in the past three years advance in
great efforts have been made to discover
Structure of Crystals a thing of such obvious If war is forced upon Europe | training.
In addition to the impressive pro- practical value. The advance In the But chemists so far have not found this week-and, unhappily, The Navy Estimates for 1938 pro- gramme of new construction tabulat-
much chemical evidence that the vided for two battleships, two aired above, the dockyards are working
constituent groups are arranged in there is every reason. to fear craft carriers, seven cruisers, 17 des- ut full pressure on the midernisation Plans have been laid for reorganising when they become accessible to an hexagonal pattern. The groups that it may be there can be no troyers, seven submarines and many of older vessels. Battleships, bats the fleets and squadrons at home and chemists seem then to be like zigzag
cruisers, auxiliary vessels. This was by far cruisera, equivocation, no doubt whatever, the largest programme to be intris have been, or are to be, thoroughly gramme matures, construction pro- hairpins rather than rings. In netting.
destroyern
matures. The Flect Air This does not prove, however, that regarding the guilt. It will be duced since the war, yet it proved to reconstructed, and although n Arm, so long the Cinderella of the they are not arranged in a net when vain for German sophistry to well within the capacity of the Juvenated warship can never ruction Services, is to be developed on a scale assembled in the complete Insulin
shipbuilding and armament indus- equal of a new unit, reconstruction undreamt of until recent times. attempt to draw A distinction tries. The following table shows the adds years to its useful life.
building programmes for 1936-38, in- between frustration in Czecho-clusive:
CARGO-SINPS' DEFENCE
methods of determining the shape of molecules are Slovakia or any other cause to
The whole problem of commerce restricted to chemistry. The chemist no longer So for the material aspect of naval protection on the high seas and in Ands the shape by taking the mole rearmament has been considered, but narrow waters has been reviewed in cule to pieces bit by bit by analysis. blame: There will be no need Cruisers
it is hardly necessary to say that the the light of modern conditions, with But if the substance will crystallise backbone of the Royal Navy is in is the result that plans for safeguard-the shape of its molecule may be for Britain or France to demon- Destroyers
man-power. During the years of
of Ing the nation's food carriers have found by shining an X-ray inside it. Submarines strate that they exerted any but
forced economy the Fleet was griev- been prepared to the last detail. It Very fortunately and ously under-manned, and serious is not pretended that these arrange sulm has been crystallised. The I surprisingly in- the most genuine and painstak-
hardship was infileted on the person ments are infallible, but they are crystals have hexagonal features ing influerices against the lilnd the immediate
nel by the disproportionable amot sumclently elastic to provide for the that is, they are bullt in six-sided issues of of foreign service which had to be most unexpected contingencies, cataclysm that threatens the peace or war is whether the performed. Moreover, as practically
nels of atoms. The crystallisation is With peace of Europe.
all ships were short-honded, officers
the co-operation of ship-assisted by the presence of atom of Nazia' ultimate object is to get and men were over-worked.
owners the Admiralty is preparing ine. It seems that the zine atoms stranglehold on Czecho-Slova-
equip the greater part of our act as mortar to hold the molecules To-day, in spite of the large in- ocean-going merchant feet with the of insulin together in regular order. cers and men in 1933 to 119,000 in for low and high-angle fire and anti-three atoms of zine for this purpose. the present year-the Fleet is still mine paravanes. Defence courses for The structure of crystals of insulin under-manned, since the total in- Merchant Navy officers were institut has been investigated by X-ray eludes nearly 12,000 boys who are ed last year, and over 5,000 such off-methods. The pictures obtained are tish and French guarantees that The last war cost nine million not yet fully trained. To cope with cers have already graduated. very complicated, and at first it did these concessions would be car-human lives. The next war the great influx of new entries all the
There is an acknowledged shortage of seem possible to deduce from existing training establishments of cargo-carrying chips-about 2,000 Wrinch. She has, however, through them the structure proposed by Dr. ried out, there can be only one will be more horrifying and have had to be enlarged and two new lower than we had in 1914mmbut, cx her mastery of geometry, analysed reason for war. In Mein Kampf more brutal, because innocent ones established.H.M.S. Caledonia cept for this consideration, it might
formerly the liner Majestic, Hitler said: "There is no room women and children will be the Rosyth, and H.M.S. Wildare at Sheer- tain is in a far better position to-day to her calculations finds that they, at be claimed with confidence that Bri- the pictures herself, and according in Europe for Germany and an-victims. of modern war weapons, ness
to meet a challenge to her sea com- ture."
confirm In detail her
#true still disagreement among must be Europe or nothing."," Let any man who releases this up the depleted ranks of the Navy. Much of the credit for all that has concerning her conclusions, but she that the experts of X-ray Interpretation Is the threat of war against mad dog of war upon elvilisation Boys and young men of the best type been achieved in the way Czecho Slovakia a step in the beware. Upon his soul will rest the age-old call of the non, eager to dicated belongs to the retiring First Langmuir, who has just published in of pro-hus the powerful supports of the have responded in their thousands to paredness on the lines I have la famous American chemist Dr. Erving fulfilment of
Hitler's mad the damning gullt of a massacre serve under the White Ensign en Lord, Admt. of the Zeet Lord colhboration with her models dream? In the words of the of innocent lives create than a bare famulary of the ollier break-sen-captain and aval k soumal or numer RE
wwe Limitations of space preclude
Chatfold, mord
who will always be account of the inventiilor slave kn London Times, the question world has never before wit-mearures taken a the
as a öz 'mark which looms so large be-Inossed,
years to xestors. Britishes-power ministrator of the first bedarter 2011/melety
H
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and when the offers were accepted
which she might attribute the Aircraft carriers 2
Dattleships
In view of the Czecho-Slovn- kian concessions—which
arc
1836 1937 1930 Total.
3
7
2
5
7
21
*
3
17
Saveets: te
vicinity.
and
In 1914
REFILLING THE RANKS
that
re-
comfort of
35
lo
tantamount to complete capitukia as'a prelude to grasping the creuse in personnel-from 89,863 om- Incons of self-defence, such as guns and that each molecule requires
lation by Prague to the original rich prizes of the Danubian and German demands and the Bri-Balkan granaries.
other Power. Either Germany as they are in China and Spain. there has been no difficulty in filing break of the Great War.
Except in certain artificer branchés, munications than she was at the out- There
Lares
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