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Monday, June 27, 1938,
CONFUSION IN SPAIN
The Italians are indignant at the suggestion that Loyalist planes may take reprisals for the bombing of open towns in Spain by attacking Italian cities and Vessels. It is a little confusing to people not conversant with the situation in Spain to hear that threat, because, of course, it is a well-known fact that Italy has not made any declaration of war against the hard-pressed
Government. Spanish
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has
110
EDUCATION I S ΙΝ
THE
NEW S
Oxford Spends the Nuffield Million
O
XFORD is having the time of its life with Lord Nuffield's latest million.
It was last October, you will remember, that the University-always hard up- suddenly received a new dose of Nuffield munificence.
More than a million pounds was given to it so that a now college could be added to the 28 that at present make up the University.
But this college is to be of a now type. No one will go there to be laught anything. They will go there for research into the prob- lems that affect Mr. and Mrs. Smith.
Well, since the money arrived, how have things been going?
Rather well. Not very much has been said in public. But behind the scenes the plans have been laid.
This new college--which the University has now desided to call "Numeld College "—is going to be so strikingly different from any- thing that Oxford has had before that when it is built it will jump the University forward a hundred years-a change that is naturally going to have a very mixed wel- come.
In the first pince, Nuffield College is going to be "Co-ed."
I
T took years and yeaFB for women to be al- lowed in the univer- sity at all-even shut away fu separate colleges. And now, almost in a twinkling and with no fuss and bother at all, here is a college where both men and women can be members together.
There's going to be another very distinctive thing about Nuffield College. About a dozen well-known business men will be elected as "Fellows."
Their job will be to spend a cer-
tain number of week-ends there cach year.
At these week-ends their job will be just to chat about the big, wide world, so that Oxford may be told what it is like and how it works.
No one knows yet who the twelve lucky Fellows will be. But one man is tipped as certainty-Lord Nuffield himself.
college will be done by the whole- time research workers.
But the real spade work of the
At one time it was intended that these "Fellowa” should be just ordinary business men.
But now the plan is that they shall be
men of It must be that
practlen! experience." That lets in trade union leaders, the Loyalists have a particular civil servants and even politicians bone to pick with the Italians. on this very pleasant job. They probably suspect that the assistance their enemies are obtaining from Italy is rather more "official" than has been rovealed; and that the Italian "volunteers" are in reality regu- Jar Italian soldiers. From that assumption it is only a step to the conclusion that the Insur- gent aircraft, which have been showering Barcelona, Alicante, Valencia and Madrid with high explosives are regular Italian air force formations. The picion might almost be said. to be supported by admitted facts, for it will be recall ed that at one time one of the sons of Mussolini was a combat pilot in Spain and that
sus-
Politics and economies will be their subjects. They will harness Oxford's learning to the great human problems of the day.
There will be something like fifty
-To-day's Thought—-—- THE wise man does not lay up treasure. The more he pives to others, the more he has for his own.
LAO-TSZE.
the result would be intervention he was and possibly still is by some power more Italy's size a officer in the regular air
BY WILL SHEBBEARE
such people in all. And at their head will be a very remarkable man, Mr. Harold Butler.
14
He has just been chosen Warden of the college. But up till now he has been Director of the International Labour Office at Geneva.
He has striven as hard as any man for the forty-hour week and for the raising of wage rates all over the world, Ils annual reports have always contained one or two facts about working conditions that have come as a shock to com. pincent people.
It will be about four years before the college is built and the mem- bers are able to move into it. But. before then many of them will have been getting ahead with their researches.
As the building, with its chapel and its quadrangles and its dining hall, takes shape, a great argument will range over low much space is to be used for providing really good libraries and how much for giving luxurious apartments to the bust- ness Fellows.
At the moment the big-library men look ilke winning. But what- ever they decide, Nuffield College is going to be something quite unique in this country. Herc. in bricks and mortar, will be A link between Oxford and the rest of the world.
It will not, of course, be ko Starting a change as the original
plan for making Nuffield a College of Business Accountancy.
That would have made it a school in which undergraduates were prepared for the day to day work of being business mon, and would have come as pretty sharp jolt to the mare old-fashioned Oxonians.
Nuffield College, even in its present modified form. has been mcoting with pretty sullen oppo- sition from the average Oxford don.
None of them says he doesn't like 1 openly. Naturally not. A uni- versity which is always appealing for money cannot turn down hand- some gifts of this kind and expect to get away with it,
But in their hearts the Oxford dons have three big objections.
IRST of all, they think that the way to get re- search done is not to found a separate college. Thoy think the money should be spent in providing more dons at the other colleges-so that present hard-worked dons can have time for research as well as for teach- Ing.
Secondly, they don't like the way which Nuffield College la going to be run by the University..
Other colleges are independent of the University authorities. Во
Lord Nufeld in his robes as a Doctor of Common Law at Oxford.
this looks like the thin end of the wedge of more University control. Thirdly--and this runs pretty deep-they fight shy of Nufield because they do not really like very much the Idea of linking Oxford up with industry and the practical world. They think it commercial, philistine, rather sordid,
But all these objections they keep very dark and discuss thom only in the privacy of their Com- mon Rooms, Bo the truth about them is strictly between ourselves and must not be. repeated to any- one.
But in any case, such objections. do not count for very much, I Oxford is going to come closer to life and employ some of her Anast brains in solving the grent social problems of the day, that is some- thing very worth while indeed.
Behind the Diplomatic Veil
COMEBODY once sald that it was
to
18
necessary to study geography on big mape. This applies even more forcibly diplomacy. Which perhaps one reason why the spokes- men of sansculotte democracy often go hopelessly astray, and spend their time and energy hunting down parochini marcs' nests. The new Anglo-Italian Puel 15 A case very much in point.
踣
Real Meaning of the Italian Pact
By "AN OLD STAGER"
A Sense of Realities
the puerile futility of WA Pron
atmosphere of mutual hostility which might at any moment, and quite pos-. sibly at an extremely awkward one, become heavily superheated? Not by a policy of diplomatic sulk will the Arm foundations of European peace and goodwill be laid. Mr. Chamber- lain had to choose between emollon- alism and practical realities, and it eternally to his credit that he had 13 the pluck even though, he know it was not a popular line, to back the policy of practical reality. Backing A Bankrupt Ideal
In concluding this quite straight- So our desire is to ensure our navol forward agreement with Italy we were far more concerned with the lines of communication through the Mediterranean, and to be in a sate Far East thon with the Mediter- Tancan.
Our vital desire, apart from position at any time to send powerful
reinforcements to our China squad- He insisted, It Rome showed itself The mere presence in Fart willing and sincere, on burying an useless polley of mutual
Eastern waters of formidable British obsolete hatchet. In so doing he has ing with Mussolini, was to make sure naval forces might help materially freed our naval forces for preventive that no
menace nearer home im to prevent anyone running amok work of the utmost importance in paired our firm action much farther round about Hongkong.
the Far East, and in no way jeopar- dised the interests of European These facts should be kept care- lomatists, is decidedly somewhere fully in mind by critics of the Bel- settlement. Rather has he greatly
tish Government's foreign policy, advan
advanced
the probability of the
afleld. The danger spot just now, in the view of well-posted British dilp-
East of Suez."
some
enemies.
the
A altuation la envisaged in which Alrendy many of the more intelligent Intter.
of Mr. Chamberlain's former a There is no sense in driving poten- the Japanese militarists may find
their tunc. tial friends into the intriguing arms themselves with a much bigger and sailants are changing
No peuce tougher morrel to chew in China They appreciate the inner meaning of potential
inter- than ever they bargained for. Things of his policy, and are joining in the millennium dawns on
chorus which applauds the Prime national horizon in that direction. are already not going any too well Minister's courageous self-assertion. It is silil possible to recall the howl with the Japanese Army's Chinese Ministers the advisability of study of emotional outrage that went up campaign. In the event of serious set-back on lund, it is quite maps. The village pump is a de- was mooted. So overpowering was quito ing diplomacy on the largest-sized when the Hoare-Laval agreement feasible that the Japanese Navy: lusive landmark.
that well-meaning but hopelessly im- whose chiefs are notoriously irked by jealous rivalry of the Army hends, But there is another aspect of this practicable chorus that Earl Boldwin might suddenly decide on some tour Anglo-Italian Pact. It involves went the length of disowning the pro- de force off their own bat. If this retrospective analysis which was tried in Southern Chinese waters, not be pleasing to some well-meaning and involved Hongkong, the denoue" people. inent would be extremely serious What was the use of maintaining from our point of view.
between London and Rome a frigid
and strength than is the rather GRIN AND BEAR IT force which has done such effective work in subduing those There is no doubt that Italy is pathetic Loyalist administration. who have dared to stand against well able to deliver a crushing the ambitious march of the blow to the Loyalists, and if Legions in Ethiopia. The post-Spain is willing to take the risk tion becomes still more confused of it there must be some very by the answer of Italians to the substantial reason behind it. alleged Loyalist threats. No Perhaps, after all, Italy would denial of Italian participation in think twice about destroying the| the raids on Loyalist cities is Loyalists in retaliation for the made. That may have been an bombing of her towns; for there oversight; but it has an unis danger in such fortunate
effect. It would Perhaps the best thing to do almost seem that Italians were would be to try to discourage saying: "It is one thing for Italian volunteers in Spain from Italian volunteers to bomb participating in theso unpopular Spanish cities; it is. quite a expeditions against civilians and different thing for Spanish British merchantmen. volunteers to raid Italian towns. There is at least one other
a course,
If that happens Italy will thing about this interesting certainly go to war against Spanish situation which bears: Spain." The retort from Madrid comment. Supposing one of the might be expected to convey the British merchantmen in a belief that, as far as Loyalist Loyalist port were to borrow or Spain is concerned, Italy is doing beg a gun from somewhere and a pretty thorough job of waging open fire on the planes which war against the Government bomb and machine-gun it. And already. No doubt the Spanish suppose an Insurgent volunteer- Government's point of view is Italian raider were shot down by very much distorted, but it is this gun, would Italy demand not difficult to understand how a satisfaction and, talk of re- rathyr desperate sort of courageprisals? Because obviously, for will grow up böside bomb-a British ship to fire on anyone ahattered homes and how would be a rank ploce of Inter- harassed Government might de-vention which it could not be cide upon one more reckless expected would pass without fing of the dido in the hope that something more than comment.
Daph 2936 lg United Tallaro Ryublatio, i
may
By Lichty
"Of course you, undersidad this insurance doesn't apply if you
trapat in airplanes!"
feet, and the Foreign Secretary of that dato, Sir Samuel Hoare, was thrown incontinently to the back bench wolves.
ac-
Let us ponder on the simple facts of that crisis now in the calmer light of past history. Did the gesture which spurned the Hoare-Laval agreement, and dubbed it a base betrayal, complish anything at all beyond gratifying the sentiments of the high emotionallets? Did it save Abyssinia from being conquered? Did it pre- serve his crown to Ilalle Selassic? It did nothing of the kind. No oma- tional gesture, however well meant, could camoufinge tho' grim sequel. It was the most humiliating episode in this country's post-War history. We banked on a bankrupt ideal. What Might Have Been
Saved
In
the same dispassionate frame of mind let us consider what the Hear Laval proposals might quite probably have done. They would have avert- ed considerable slaughter of Ethio plans as well as Italians. They would havo retained. somo part of his sovereignty and estate to Halle Selassie. They would have abvinted a legacy of mutual l-will, between Italy and this country.
By yielding to emotionalism on that historic occasion, and by insist Ing on treating as a reality an in- atitution which In fact proved to be a plous delusion, consequences of the very gravest import resulted. But for that surrender to sentimentellam -which is thoroughly out of its ole- ment in foreign policy-Italy
might ntill be in the League, and Hitler would certainly not be in Vienna.
The moral is that, when it comes to diplomacy and big maps, it is folly to cherish llusions, however endear ing, at the expense of realities, how- over grin.g
And there fr another moral too. It is that a free democracy can, if it as
(Continued on Page 51) Ama
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