1938-02-09 — Page 22

10

M

THE

HONGKONG

TELEGRAPH. WEDNESDAY,

FEBRUARY

9, 1938.

Behind the Lines with FRANCO

Y four months in Spanish rebel torrl- tory, spent near the battle fronts and in the towns behind, enable me to write with some accuracy on the organisation of the forces commanded by General Franco,

Altogether, there are about 500,000 men in the service of the rebels.

They include Italiana, Qer- mans, some Frenchmen and a

Britons,

woll fow Spanlards and Moorà,

C

3.3

ELE

HARACTERISTIC of the ITALIANS is that thoy alone in Franco's army are not assimilated by the Spanish and other units.

They wear Italian uniforms and have Italian equipment, armis sup- pilen and sanitary services.

Not only are they independent In their command but the Italian soldier himself does not come in any way under the control of the Spanish authorities.

Thus you will see in the same rallway carriage that Spanish in- spectors, in civilian dress, will ask eyen a Spanish captain for his bapers to see whether he is rejoin- ing his corps in tine, but will not

Marich

Writer of this article on Franco's army is F. G. Stork,

་

a Dutch journalist, who has been four months in Spanish rebel territory. The objectivity of his messages displeased Franco, who, without arresting him, had him escorted

to the frontier.

of treatment

submit a private to any control if he belongs to the Italian troops.

This difference often crentes discontent among the Spaniards.

When they occupy a village, Italian troops substituto Italian posters for Spanish, so that a new- comer might easily believe ho 19 watching big Italian manoeuvres. Halling stations in the Italian zone are entirely under

their orders, Under the name of the stations one reads, Comman-

with the num- dantia, Italiana, bor of

division the

the and

company,

As for the mualtion depots, tho Italians never leave them under the guard of Spaniards, because They do not trust them,

There is the same spirit in their aviation. While the Gorman pilots are divided among the Spanish squadrons, the Italian aviation section consists entirely of Italian machines and pilots.

where Aerodromes

their machines are kept are exclusively From under Italian command.

nearby villages, where officers,

POLAND

Dresden Brestau

50,000

OLAMANK

Prague

7,00000@Crecht: $500000 Slovaks.

300000, Other Alienels, including Austriant

Vienna AUSTRIA

Budapest

HUNGARY

Russia

RUMANIA

Nazis Look East

by Dr. Gustav Winter

Parts correspondent of "Pravo Lidu" (The People's Rights) dally paper of the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party. Map shows German and Hungarian arcas of Czechoslovakia.

80

in

N the German Press we are told that the German minority of 3,250,000 Czechoslovakia is ill-treated ill-treated scandalously that only the complete internal "reorganisation-of-the-country, and the granting of autonomy to the German areas, can as- sunge the wrath of the Third Reich.

That is the German Press. Hero are the facts:

The Germans in Czechoslovakia in the have three Ministers Cabinet. They have complete

Their sup equality of language. ply of schools is greater than their proportionate strength in the whole population.

The number of their Parlamen- tary Deputies corresponds exactly to the Germans' proportionate numerical strength in the whole population.

And the Germans in Czecho- slovakia control a large number of their own newspapers.

Germany is not wrathful at the con- dition of the German minority in Southern Tyrol which is being Italian. ised with brutal violence.

Germany has recently signed with Poland an agreement for the mutual protection of minorities which does not grant the German minority in Poland öne-tenth of the rights which the Ger mans in Czechoslovakin havo always enjoyed.

Buch grievaniers as the German minority held-justifiably-chiefly they concerned the extent to which Ger- mana wero employed in the Civil - Bervice--were dealt with by an agrDO- ment between the Government and the Gennan democratie parties Inst Febru- ory

The conclusion is obvious: the alleged grievances of the German minority in Czechoslovakia are only a pretext for the Nazi'n plans of expansion.

I am often asked in London or Parla how Czechoslovakia puta up with the *settling of fire-eating threats of Accounts uttered by the German Press.

My reply is thin! I only wish Paris and London showed in this matter an much firmness as is displayed by the Czechoslovak Government

and by

Bo far as any country can prepare Racif against possible attack, Czecho slovakia in prépared. But, after the experiences of Abyssinia and Spain, It

public opinion in that country

is obylous that a Czechslovak war would rapidly develop into European struggle.

Even if the League of Nations again failed at collectivo action, France could not keep out. "Non-intervention " nero would be suicidal for her.

And Soviet Russia knows well

AJI.

non-commissioned officers and mechanics are billeted, cars leave each day at staled times taking everyone to work.

Normally they do not get up

Revellle is at carly. From 8 am, the cars take suc-

UC cessively non commissioned officers, emeers and mechanics. They return at 12.15 to eat and leave again at 3, returning at 6 p.m., their day over. During the

undertake night, shifts

guard duty.

How many Italians are there? I estimate about 120,000, divided into four autonomous complete divisions, plus one division, "the Black Arrown," volunteers of the Italian Fascio, whose losses have been filled by Spaniards, now making about 30 per cent. of the total.

ITUATION of the GER-

SHIANS is quite different.

They have sent only technicians, teachers and pilots. who are scattered throughout General Franco's army. One may бау that

German

troops have participated in the opern- tions, but their role in the army services is considerabic.

по

All the wireless and transmis- slon systems are controlled by the Germans. Material and stad is almost wholly German. The same with the anit-aircraft and anti- tank defence which is entirely in their hands.

The instruction of cadets, future officers in the Spanish rebel army. is given by German tutors. After two months training. tney stage a march past. each sec- tion having at its head the Ger- nan oflicer who has been its instructor.

How many Germans are there? Roughly, 20,000, scattered all over the country, even in the espionage and counter-espionage services.

Not only aro there Germans and Italians fighting for Rebel A few ENGLISH-only a Spain. very small number-and about

2,000 FRENCH are also on Franco's olde.

Most of the Frenchmen-ex- Bervicemen are attached to the Foreign Legion or the Requettes (Carlist Monarchists).

The FOREIGN LEGION and the MOORS have formed the shock troops in the principal engage- ments of the civil war.

The Legion has not more than 15,000 men divided into banderras of about 1,000 men. These ban-

derras. which have been put severely to the test, have had to be reformed four times and, even recruiting cannot make up BO, for the losses.

the

The Legion has not more than 40 per cent. of volunteers, including foreigners, the rest being composed of Spaniards who prefer to join the Legion, where the pay is three pesetas a day, about 10d., as against one-half peseta in the ordinary army.

T

HIS new situation has taken away from the

Legion Its character

of a first-class corps, and the mill- tary Instruction, which is very severe, produces a state of mind which makes the command con- sider the Foreign

gion

un- reliable, some members even show- ing sympathy for the Loyalists.

Moorish troops have always been the best fighters in the Army. But they have been thinned out. It is estimated that 70,000 have been killed, wounded or évacuated since the war began.

Franco's SPANISHI troops, pre of three kinds; the REQUETTES. the PHALANGISTS (Fascists) and

the regular ARMY

The two first are, in principle. composed of volunteers. This was true at the beginning of hostilities, but now, to make up their losses, young men who would normally be cailed to the Army by conscription have been incor- porated with them.

If they are townsmen, clerks or workmen, they become Phalang- 1sts. If they are peasants they Join the Requettes.

R

EQUETTES

number

80,000. In the first line are those over 18; in the second line the youth which is being prepared for war.

The Phalangists number 45,000, ten per cent. of them being volun- teers, the rest conscripts.

About 150,000 men of the regular Army complete the half-million troops on whom the Rebel Spanish authorities can rely.

BANKS

The P. & O. Banking Corporation, `Ltd.

(Incorporated in England, 1920)...

Authorised Capital

Reservo Fund

"enough—thatTM by attacking-Czecho---Subteribed-and-Paid-up-

alovak territory Germany would be forcing a way to the Ukraine.

These are facta not to be denied. Recent history confirms each one of them European peace was not men- aced, remember, by the immedia Le post-war difficulties of Austrin, Hun- gary, and the Little Entente States,

That menace appeared only when Italy and Germany began to intervene In Central Europo-when, through totalitarian pressure, democratic in- stilutions everywhere were under- mined.

And now, as the last outpost of democracy in Central Europe, Czecho- alovakin is the butt of Germany's main attack.

Inside the Republie there is Hen-

·Join's Budotie German Party, which in outlook, methods and financial re sources is nothing but a branch of the National Socialist Party of Germany. Across the German frontler the attacks on Czechoslovak democracy grow more violent

But wo bayo reason for self- confidence. We know that the real public opinion in Humania and Jugo- Blavin in on the side of Czechoslovakia,

And here is something still more re- markable, During the negotiations started by Hungary with the Little Entente for the purpose of facilitating a general settlement, for the Arst time na reference has been made to frontier revisions,

also

Pubila opinion in Hungary is ahow. ing willingness to reach an agreement with Czechoslovakia, For Hungary, too. is beginning to feel the menace of German expansion.

Economic relations between the Cen tral European countries improving. In spite of all the efforts to transform them into appendages to Central Germany and Italy, the European Bisten are becoming con- solidated and recognising their mutual Interdependence.

are

moves

are

diplomatic Present momentous Tor all Europe.

If Britain exerts its powerful Influ- ence to help forward its process of consolidation a vital advance wil be made towards pence in Europe-and - British trade wili gain a wide field of

potential markets.

COUNT THE "TELEGRAPHS" EVERYWHERE

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ton, Mr. M. T. Johnson, Deputy Chairnion.

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A. II. Compton, Esq. Hon. Mr. J. J. Paterson

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ΑΜΟΥ

A. L. Shields, Esq.

Str Vandalour M. Grayburn. CHIEF MANAGEIL.

BANGKOK

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SERVICES CONTRACTUELS DES

MESSAGE.IES MARITIMES.

The Steamship

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No. 0 A/38

Bringing Cargo from Marseilles via ports, etc., arrived Hongkong on Thursday, 3rd February, 1938.

Consignees are hereby informed that their goods with the exception of Opium, Treasure and Valuables are being landed and stored into the Godown of the Hongkong Kowloon Wharf and Godown Co. Lid., Kow- loon, whence delivery may be ob- tained immediately after landing.

All claims must be sent in to me on or before 14th February, 1930,

recognized. not be or they

will Damaged Packages will be examin-

by

Surveyor the Company's Messrs: Goddard and Douglas in

.0.00 a.m. Feb. 23,

cd

.7.00 a.m. Mar. 8.

7.00 mm. Mar. 18.

Air-conditioned equipment carried on Trans-Continental Trains. Frequent Canadian Faclio Atlantic sailings from Montreal and Quebee, down the smooth St. Lawrence Beaway, to Europe,

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nt

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Consignees must have a Revenue Omeer in attendance when any dutiable goods are examined by the Company's Surveyors.

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THERAPION NO:1 THERAPION NĚ.2 THERAPION N3

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IT WAS

NOT ADVERTISED!

Manufacturers. are always devising something new.. An appliance, fabric, food, household utensil—and a thousand and one things, everyone of which has buyers somewhere. Every year every month-many of these new lines moet with success -a few fall by the market waysido- unknown, unsold-UNADVERTISED.

There are probably a few merchants in Hongkong who look back on a lost agency and realise too late that IT WAS NOT ADVERTISED.

The newspaper offers the final and vital link in every sales organisation. DON'T BE AFRAID TO TAKE THE PUBLIC INTO YOUR CONFIDENCE. If you have the enterprise to stock a line-don't let it rest upon your shelves waiting to be discovered by your customers.

A joint advertising contract with the South China Morning Post and the Hongkong Tolograph will offectively sorve your purpose.

ル