1938-01-24 — Page 18

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, MONDAY, JANUARY 24, 1988.

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There's a lot of nonsense talked about air raids

•says J. B. S. HALDANE

KNOW of no subject except sex on which more nonsense is written than air warfare. The reason in both cases is that our emotions are strongly aroused.

Many people are terrified at the mere

Hongkong Telegraph. thought of air raids. And, personally,

MONDAY, JANUARY 24, 1938.

MORE CARGOES, MORE SHIPS

after seeing the children of Madrid reduced to rather dirty cats' meat by German bombs, I have nothing but contempt and hatred for those who either practise or defend this form of murder.

Nevertheless, if we are to avoid war if possible, and to de- fend ourselves if attacked, we have got to think about this dis- gusting business as unemotional- ly as a good doctor thinks about cancer or a good inwyer about

weapons against peo-

"The main

result of bombing Madrid has been to unito Government Spain in a way which seemed impossible."

respirator, though he does not would draw the gas up into the air

actually die for some hours or and disperse it. Hence a mixed raid

would probably fail. days.

So I shall not be afraid of a gas Or di-chlor-ethyl sulphide, an raid once we have respiratora for oily liquid whose vapour is called babies and every one lins been shown how to use a respirator. Until then mustard gas, may be dropped in we have not got really, thorough pro- bombs or released in a spray. tection.

plosives

It is gratifying to British [people to read reports and see Jevidence of the business capacity and foresight of their lenders in commerce. It is particularly pleasing to Britons in the Far rape. East, almost all of whom ot some time or other have had AN airman can use four direct contact with the concern,ple on the ground, namely, high

MANY people believe The liquid remains for days, un- It is often sold that incendiary to learn that the Peninsula and explosive

that a war can be won less it is washed into the sewers bombs could set a whole town light; bomba, incendiary by a knock-out blow with bomb with a hose or destroyed with and steps are being taken to deal Oriental Steam Navigation Com-bombs, gas and machine guns. ing airplanes at the enemy's chloride of lime.

with this danger, though in a rather half-hearted way. pany, whose interests are so He can also launch torpedoes capital.

Its vapour is not so quickly I think that this perll, too, is closely bound up with the Empire against ships.

be brought The experience of Spain and fatul as phosgene, but it can exaggerated. In the first month of in the East, continues to prosper down by other airplanes, by anti. China has disproved this theory, blister the skin, even if the lungs ple foes were used. The main use and progress.

And this in spite aircraft guns, or by hedges of Franco hoped to terrify first and eyes are protected by n of incendiary bombs will probably af troubled conditions in Spain moored balloons. They can be Madrid and then Catalonia into mask. Fortunately the blisters be to cause enough fires to light up a and China where the old ship-detected by searchlights, micro- surrender. He has succeeded in are hardly ever fatal or even town during a night attackt, so that the second relay of bombers can see Government ping company has done much phones, spies, and other agencies, uniting

Spain permanently disfiguring.

where to drop their cargoes. Finally people on the ground against him in a way business in the past and will do

Unfortunately, I do not believe that any much

explosive can be protected by bombproof seemed impossible a year ago. dentlier gases have been or will bombs are a far greater danger, and in the future.

we have no protection against them. shelters, gas masku, lire engines, The Japanese hoped that a few be made. Mustard gas was first The quarter-ton German bomb goes "At the centenary meeting of amoke screens, and so on. raids on Nanking would smash made in 1886, and nothing worse right down to the basement or an the directors, Lord Craigmyle We must now ask how we can the Chinese Government. If had been discovered up to 1918, ordinary house before exploding, and recently spoke: "We have some-best spend the hundreds of mil- they ever take Nanking they though Lewisite, an arsenic com- lions of pounds available for will have to take it with infan- pound, is about as bad. And it times heard it said that British

these purposes.

penetrates five or six floors before try. shipping flourishes on war. I

is pretty certain that no new bursting, but the explosion seldom What is the proper balance be- could not imagine any state tween attack and defence? Our fleet of British bombers will so a good respirator. Some smokes Unfortunately buildings in London. The theory is held that a huge vapours or gases will go through brings the whole building down. ment more unsound. Its only Army is given not only artillery terrify other Powers that they will do so if very strong, but nl and few of them are used as sleep-

ferro-concrete foundation is the short-lived era and tanks with which to attack, will not dare to fight us. I be though the effect is painful, it is ing quarters. of high freights which but machine-guns, spades, and lieve this is a dangerous illusion. not dangerous to life.

war brings with it owing to the barbed wire to defend itself.

In the event of another Anglo- Fortunately gas penetrates which can be knocked down by the scarcity and diversion of of air warfare as a whole, or are trust will not occur, Hitler will when the rooms are not special- evacuation to the country and bemb Are we tackling the problem German war, which I hope and very slowly into houses, even blast from a bomb bursting in the tonnage. But, as the Great War we arming in a one-sided man- pray for a few good British air ly gas-proofed, and the experi- proof shelters. provel, even the shipowners ner? who gain for the time-being |———

follows. . .

. The

greatest in profit of British merchantmen. terest of British shipping is not

Much is heard in these trying

which

IF, then, our bombers

high

destroys the house completely.

'In a ferro-concrete building

得

For those who live in brick houses,

street, there are two alternatives:

of

raids in which German women ments recently reported by the I do not believe that half the pro- and children are killed. They Government should allay exag- ple of London could be evacuated In a week, let alone a few hours. Sa stand to lose far more than they wage scales. can operate less would unite the German people gerated fears. Unless a gas cheiters will be needed. have won in the aftermath of expensively, has made great in- against Britain as no amount of bomb actually bursts in a house dislocation and depression which roads on what was formerly the

propaganda. could do.

there is very little danger parti- TN Valencia, there are shelters for most of the people who cularly if respirators are worn.

stay there at night. Some of these But two criticisms can be would not stand up to a bomb weigh- can neither prevent nor

are thirty feet war. It is peace. Jis days of the necessity of a big win a future war we must look made. There is still no respira- ing a ton. Others sepurably connected with the

tor for young children. And the deep, with several layers of concrete ពន well as earth above their steel growth of peaceful trade, with and modern merchant fleet in the to our defences.

experiments with mustard gas roots. What Valencia has done in Our first line of defence is in were made on animals, not men. war time London could do in peace. friendly foreign relations, and event of an emergency. It is a

well-informed with the prosperity of the world fact,

quarters the air. Unfortunately; we are To satisfy critics they ought Even if nothing is done I do not be- as a whole."

assert, that the British merchant neglecting our fighters and dou- to be repeated on mean wearing lieve that London would be wiped navy is not sufficiently large to ble-purpose 'planes in favour of respirators.

raids An ex-soldier skill out. But I think a big series Lord Craigmyle told the meet-feed the Empire under war con-long-distance bombers.

might kill fifty thousand people in e ed in anti-gas work has written week. And if the survivars thought ing of "proprictors" of the ditions. There is some truth, Our second line is anti-aircraft to the Daily Express offering the Government had let them down success of the company in too, in the statement that!

there might well be a revolution. artillery. The defence of Lon- himself for such a test. He is rebuilding faster than the actual Britain lacks the numerous

I may be optimistic, and until we state of the fleet required. They skilled ship-builders of other don is in the hands of Terri- sure that he will be quite safe. have shelters some desperate dictator had foreseen a rise in the cost days. She has the quality still, torinis well below strength, and I am not so sure. I am quite may throw his whole air force into for an attempt to wipe us off the map. ordered jof building, and

new but not the quantity of trained at least in part armed with guns willing to stay with him

which were originally designed twenty-four hours in a house maice this quite impossible, and thus A proper eyatern" of sheltera would ships. Consequently such hands for her yards. Replace- in 1913, and hastily adapted for which has had some mustard gas greatly lessen the likelihood of war. vessels as the Strathmore cost ment of merchant vessels falling only about half what they would victims to a submarine campaign anti-aircraft use during the last oil sprayed on its walls and roof. Our respirators will save our

T present our air defence. to-day. The Stratheden and might well be difficult. It be-

A eyes and lungs. But I shall not The Air Force provides fighters, the Strathallan were also economy"hooves the British people, then, Even if our first and second be surprised if we get some nasty Army artillery, and the Home Onles vassels, built before they were to think of their merchant lines were adequate, which they blisters. actually required, and the same ships as something more than are not, some bombers could get

an air-rald protection service whoso. man duly seems to be to order pra- can be said of the Canton, now machines of private gain. They through, and we should have to CAS under construction. But it must fare truly a national nuset; and rely on the third line-that is to

is not very effective ple about. funless I can be scattered I cannot believe that no one can EURASIA AVIATION CORPORATION also be said that under the their officers and men are as any, defence for Individual citi- over the whole of a big area. In be found better qualified than chiet

existing conditions, with now necessary KING'S BLDG., 4th Flr. Tol. 25552.

section of the zeno. For even if enemy bomb. March 1018 an area of twenty square constables to direct this Immensely and bigger and faster ships Empire's defensive service as are ers are aiming at military objec- dangerous with mustard Han. But men of the old Special Drigade, with miles near Cambrai was rendered important service while officers, and constantly coming into competi-the sailors and soldiers of His tives they will be far too busy this took 180,000 German shells. flext-hand experience of gas, ore ALZAVAK JAJES JUKKA IRAKASZAURINKOJwmtion with the P. and O. flect, Majesty's permanent forces.. It dodging fighters and shells to

especially on the Far East run, would be well if British com- aim accurately. So most of would probably need several hundred Wardens,

To do the same to central London vainly applying for posts as air-raid that even the advanced building mercial people particularly re-their victims will be civilians.

airplanes. flying in formation and sist that the problem of air defence COUNT

were Air Minister I should in- policy of the company

aiming accurately. I do not think should be tackled as a whole and that. |may|cognised this fact and gavo

this at nil kely, as our chasers and at least half of the huge sums being freight and passenger accounts companies wherever possible.

and

Dept. 11.25 a.m. Arr. 4.25 p.m.

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"

H.K. OFFICE:

THE

"TELEGRAPHS“

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FL

war.

If

in three different hands.

require further stimulation if support to British steamship ONE of two kinds of gas anti-aircraft guns would keep them spent on it should be devoted to the are to be maintained and new Lut that be the British answer in air raids. A bomb may be dropped at random would do little to the ordinary man, woman, and business gained. For foreign to foreign Governments' sub-dropped which instantly releases shipping, especially that which sidies, even if it costs a little a donas cloud of gas auch n bombs were used with gas, houses told me that this was impossible, 1 is subsidised by Governments, more, for in the long run such phosgene, which can poison a would no longer be gas-proot. On should take them to Spain to said the or which by reason of lower 1n policy repays the patriot. Iman in a minute, unless he has a the other hand, the fireh produced, advice of Senor Negrin.

will probably be used too busy. And a few gas hombs one thing which gives full protection harm compared with high explosive, child, namely, the bombaproof shelter,

1 high explosive or incendiary And it my colleagues in the Cabinet