1937-12-28 — Page 6

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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1937.

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Tueshay, DecemÚer 28, 1937.

CZECHO-SLOVAKIA

AND WORLD PEACE

There is trouble again be- tween Czecho-Slovakia and Germany. Before the Great War Czecho-Slovakia formed a province of the Austrian Empire, and was inhabited chiefly by Czechs, Slovaks, Germans, Hun- karians, Carpathian Russians, Poles and Jews.

Now, of course, it is an independent democracy. There is a total population of about fifteen million, of which three und A half are of German descent.

Herr Hitler has shown himself Lo | remarkably solicitous on behalf of these Germans. It is said he uses every opportunity to fan up dissension inside Czecho- Slovakia. Dr. Krofta, the Foreign Minister has just made another protest about it. He said:

NY.K.

San Francisco vla Japan Ports & Honolulu.

(Starts from Kobe).

Talyo Maru

Tatsuta Maru

Mon., 10th Jan. (1938) Tues., 25th Jan. (1938)

Seattle & Vancouver (Starts from Kobe).

Helan Maru

New York via Panama,

+Noto Maru

Sat., 22nd Jan (1938)

Fri., 31st Dec. .Mon., 24th Jan. (1938)

†Nako Maru

South America (West Coast) via japan, Honolulu,

Hilo, Los Angeles, Mexico & Panama.

Bakuya Maru

London, Marscillos, Antwerp & Rotterdam,

Kashima Maru

Yasukuni Maru

Hakone Maru

..... Wed., 12th Jan. (1938)

Sat, 1st Jan, (1938) ....Fri., 14th Jan, (1938) ..Sat.. 29th Jun. (1938)

Liverpool via Port Sald, Beyrouth, Istanbul, Piraeus,

' and Marseilles.

+Durban Maru

.Mon., 10th Jan. (1938)

Sydney & Melbourne via Manila & Ports.

Kitano. Maru

Wed., 22nd Jan, (1938) Bombay via Singapore, Penang & Colombo.

+Hakodate Maru

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Calcutta via Singapore, Penang

+Tsushima Maru

Kobo & Yokohama. (Omitting

Fushimi Maru

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+ Cargo Only,

..Mon, 10th Jun." (1938) Thurs., 27th Jan, (1938) & Rangoon,

Wed, 5th Jan, (1938) Shanghai)

Wed., 1st Jan. (1998) ..Fri., 14th Jan, (1988) Fri, 21st Jan. (1938)

General Passenger Agents in the Orient for tha CUNARD WHITE STAR LINE. Tol. 30291.

COUNT THE "TELEGRAPHS"

EVERYWHERE

come..

"We will resolutely repulse all intervention in our internal affairs, from wherever it may When this is re- cognised by Germany the existence of our German minority will be no hindrance to the good relations between our countries. 1 deeply re- gret that our efforts towards

You can have

with this

NEW

SCIENCE

"M

ABS OBSERVA- TION." This is the name its inventors choose for a new sort of scientific investigation mixed with fun and games in which they ask everyone to help.

"Ideally, it is the observation by everyone of everyone, including themselves, declare inventors Charles Madge ta poet) and Tom Harrisson (an explorer) in their joint pamphlet

Mass- Observation," Muller, Ltd., Is.).

(Frederick

What they are really after is best expressed by Professor Jullan Huxley, in his short introduction to their essOY.

"Belence has a two-fold task- to know and to control, Some sort of scientific control of society, in place of the unscientifle game of politics and the mere play of impersonal economic forces, overdue: arid we shall not obtain any efficient... control unless this 1# grounded in adequate knowledge.

☆☆☆

18

"Mass - Observation ... scema it to mo of great value; for does aim at disclosing ourselves to ourselves by the application of scientific methods of observation and record."

All this may strike you as a bit high to join in for fun. But then professors write that way.

Science does not know enough about your and my prejudices, superstitions and behaviour to draw useful generallantions from them, or to predict with fair cer- tainty our reactions to any given set of clicumstances.

Science can do all these things. very

creditably about comets, chemical substances or guinea pigs. Obvious advantages would follow the addition of the British citizen to this list.

"Mass-Observation," hope Its inventors, will provide science with the broad basis of fact from which

to work to this end.

To-day's Thought- THE preservation of health is

a duty. Few seem conTM scious that there is such a thing as physical morality.

-HERBERT SPENCER.

WAR

Therefore, they ask us all to become "Observers," noting the behaviour of ourselves and our fellows, writing our observations up in simple objective reports and sending them to "Mass-Observa- tion" Headquarters.

There Madge, Harrisson and their helpers will sort and sift our field work. At frequent intervals they wili publish volumes of classified reports from Observers.

A

That is all. There is no catch in it. It costs you nothing to be an Observer. And-it enough thou- sands take up the job-the results will provide science with a basis and background which it has con- selously lacked for the last twenty- five years.

Personally I am becoming an Observer, with a capital "0." The idea has been so cleverly presented by Madge and Harrisson.

They appeal most skilfully to several more or less disagreeablo traits in my character.

The feeling that I shall be col- laborating in original scientific work of real importance, that I am on the watch studying my fel- low men and women, that I am a harmless-almost a benevolent- amateur detective, is too much for my self-importance and self-

dramatisation.

Lend

But I cannot believe that I shall be a very good Observer, I shall to make my reports "better" more exciting, rich and various than a strict adherence to fact allows.

You may suggest that this la be- cause I am a journalist or a liar. And you will be quite right, But. so I am afraid, will all Observers be fournalists and liars.

*

*

To convey in writing what you have seen or experienced is the whole art of newspaper reporting. And, as one who has spent some Inborious years trying to act as a reporter, let me add that no report of any set of human circumstances Is wholly exact or truthful,

All human affairs and relation- ships are 60

complicated and coloured by superstitions, blind chance, or any influence but reason that, when they are, further dis- tarted by transmission through an

.

FUN

"No one could escape from the Coronation."

Observer's personality, a report of thom must be scrappy, partial, and quite "unscientific."

Mass Observation, however, cheerfully recognises and accepts all this. It is not dismayed that many of its Observers will be as prejudiced as Mr. Garvin's. It asks each one to give particulars of his or her religious beliefs and back- ground, political faith and so on in order to discount. when pos- sible, obvious blas.

In addition, Mass-Observation knows that its reports will all show partiality in one way or another. But by obtaining a great number it belleves it can thereby arrive at a pretty clear idea of the actual- ity on which the Observers worked. Already one large scale test has been made.

Some hundreds of Observers studied the Coronation from all angles. Their reports have already been digeated and will soon

be published by Messrs. Faber-as-a-book,-with-the-titlo Mass-Observation Day Surucja. Much of the MB. for this book I have been allowed to see.

No one could escape from the Coronation. Its propaganda, cele- brations and emotional upset " reached every citizen.

Therefore it was almost ideai as

a test on which Mass-Observation could base itself. The Observers

WITHOUT WEAPONS

Dword

URING the last 6fteen years the

"propaganda"-so little

Propaganda – An perfection, may well been used in pre-war days has assumed

a better understanding with

neighbour have burdened anew".

our

particular importance.

Each nation, big and little, seems

und through the national and inter-

Insidious Prison

-

which, carried to a pitch of near- constitute a menuce to the peace of the world.

Very low people like Bolshevism.... the Russians certainly do not, for the State

as constituted in Russla at the present moment is no more Bolshevik than is the state in our own country more sinister and sometimes more outside the countries powerful than actual warfare inus-ereeds are de rigeur. much as its protagonists have been

and very few people like Fascism,

The reasons why the Germans to concern itself in issuing verbally, are so keen to make things national Presses reams and reams of diffleult for Czecho-Slovakia propaganda, seeking to prove this or airplane or the big gun; a weapon apparently are the following: lo deny that.

The Great War taught the nations the use of this weapon a weapon It more dangerous than the sword, the able, by its use, to poison the minds that Fascism is merely inverted Com-

where

these

We have been told time and again

ranged from a Gold Staff Officer on duty in the Abbey to a very self-conscious Left Winger who tried unavailingly to escape from the whole thing and who countered God Save the King" by the Internationale."

I do not think I strould quate from the Observers' reports on the Coronation, although there is more rich fun and human interest in them than I have found else- where for years. But when the book is published I certainly hope to show "Dally Herald" readers why they should buy it by a re-- view full of quotations.

These Coronation reports prove that the idea and methods of Atas-Observation do work and are valuable. That is why I mention them here.

On Wednesday I went to the Derby, and I tried to do a Iittle Masz - Observation myself at Epsom. I found it tremendously· interesting, though it interfered with amateur fumblings to and a winner,

*

Why do men and women chocr a horse on to victory although they will lose money by Ita success, just because those who are finan- cially interested begin the cry?

Why did I feel disappointed that I didn't see the King come to the front of the Royal Box and wave his hat to acknowledge the crowd's greeting? I have seen him perhaps thirty times, several since he suc➡ cccded his brother. It was not disappointment of urisatisfied

curiosity. It was the echo of some primitive tribal emotion in my heart.

Mass-Observation would like to know. for example, if

many people at Epsom shared my dia- appointment. A digest of some thousand reports on Derby Day would be nearly as valuable as that on the Coronation.

Try a little Mass-Observation on your own account this week-end. If you find it as interesting as I do. write to 6. Groto's Bulidinga, Blackheath. S.E.3, and ask for more particulars.

They will tell you how to be- come an Observer, and ask you to help in the Investigation of this or that problem.

As they say in their pamphlet:

....It is essential that Mass- Observation should recruit from all classes, from all localities, and

evory

shade of opinion. Only those who are afraid of knowing the facts or of letting them be known will refuse to co-

operate or provo avowedly

hostile."

(1) Czecho-Slovakia is allied to France and Russia.

of millions, to overthrow dynastics. suits the Germans to believe

and to weld for themselves into a munism, and whether we are prepared that these powers are 1

solid mass the opinions of thousands 10 agree with this dictum or not perpetual threat to their stated, with Poland because her of people who normally would be makes no difference to the fact that rulers have an understanding unable or unwilling to make their these warring creeds constitute the security.

with Germany, and because of voices heard.

greatest danger to the peace of the world, not so much because of the (2) The German theory of the certain minority grievances and Each day in the newspapers we rever-ceasing battle of propaganda.

unity of the 'Volk' or People, trade rivalries, and

with listen to the propagandist outpourings This enuses them to be very Hungary because some of her of the different "controlled" Presses Warfare by Words concerned with the date of territory was previously Hun- under the leadership of Dr, Goebbels, of the world. The German Press,

from Those people who have studied the German minorities every-garian, and the Hungarians have seeks to spread the Nazi doctrine question are convinced that Fascism where in the world. They grent grievances against her, throughout the world, and, whether would not have come to Italy, the desire to focus the attention

we like it or not, has influenced many linzi doctrines would never

have "If war breaks out between towards the creed of Hitler. Musso-swept Germany had it not been for of Germans

everywhere the Fascist and the Democratic ini, pursuing a different technique, the fact that the apostles of these upon the Reich វទ the countries, it will probably take aims to achieve similar objects, dictatorial creeds were able to show "universal provider".

the form of an artificially stimu- "Best" of All

the people of these countries that Soviet Communistic propaganda was (3) The fact that Czecho-lated revolt in Czecho-Slovakia,

sweeping the country, preparing the Slovakia lies in the way of with most countries interven- Yet no matter how much we may ground for the revolution, the slaugh Germany's ambitions Ining," writes Derrick Williams, admire or dislike these two, we must ter of brother by brother, which admit that the palm of propaganda seems to be the logical end of the South-west Europe, the League of Nations propagandist, warfare must be awarded to Soviet propaganda of the Third Inter- Balkans and the Near East. "I will be as well for nations to Russin who, during the last ten years, nationale. The German ambition to make up their minds before it has proved herself to be the mistress

Had it not been for the original gain Influence over the starts as to whether they are of a propaganda, and who has, by propaganda warfare of Russia the pre-

means of this weapon, secured results sent pact "for presenting a Danube countries and even going to sit down under this too, witherto unknown.

united front against Communlam" would tually to colonise

or whether they will really make in

It has been sold, that the Russian never have been signed between the Ukraine can never be the League work this time. It people would never be beaten in war Germany, Italy and Japan. realised with such an un-is known for a fact at the British | inside their own frontiers and that No matter whether we consider ropontant francophile demo-Admiralty that Signor Musso-they would never win a declaive war this pact to be important cracy in the neighbourhood. in would have called off the is true, and it is also possible that it propaganda "stunt" or an armed alli- outside those frontiers. Possibly this whether we think it merely another Abyssinian War had the Suez was for this reason that the powers anco which may yet threaten Czecho-Slovakin is bounded by Canal been closed. The, fault that-be behind the Soviet Govern- frontiers of Russia, the fact remains Germany, Poland and Hungary, was not primarily British.ment have concentrated during the that it is existing to-day merely be With all three she is at enmity. Everyone was to blame: But last decade en providing themselves cause of the continuous wordy war- With Germany for the reasons let us take stock of ourselves." with a means of attack in other fare waged by the Soviets through

countries, outside their own frontiers,

+

or not,

(Continued on Page 5.).

the

make

one point

A very senalble and most inter- the whole. esting pamphlet on But I would against it.

Madge and Harrisson want activo help from all of us. They want us to do something for them. Yot they put in bits like this:

Perhaps the two functions--||-- playing the world and classifying It- are for the time being no longer divisible. In certain branches of aclence and of art the individual scientist or artist becomes absorbed in a collectiva Activity which is purely human in type, and which excludes neither of the two categories." This is too much for me, and I - expect also for a great many more of us. The inventors of MaaS- Observation should tube their ap- peal more closely to the masset.

TD.