G
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, THURSDAY, AUGUST 26, 1937.
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England
the risk," said one member of tackle from which depends the' a smooth,
green,
a worse drill, slumberous stretch of risk we wouldn't have sunk the
the company. "With so peaceful well. Sussex,
With a better risk-well, that the four cottages in you can't get much better risk view seem deserted, there in oil." rises, slender, soaring, a
Eiffel miniature
Tower. From a platform 15 feet up its 137 feet of height comes the sound of machinery.
When the drill is hauled up for changing, the pipe is taken to pieces in sections of three lengths-30 ft. at a time. These The top section of the drill is are stacked inside the derrick, a square shaft which fits into a resting on the platform, with As the their upper ends near the der- The plant is costing about square hole in the drum. £100 a day to maintain. There drum rotates at anything be- rick's top.
Each 90ft, piece is hauled up is a staff of about 30 men em- tween 80 to 200 revolutions a ployed; some of them
highly minute, according to the type of by the tackle swinging in the skilled; others local labourers, rock one is going through at the centre of the derrick, and re- placed by the same means when Seven men work on the "rig" moment-the drill rotates.
The actual drilling instrument the drill goes down again. the derrick-at a time. There
They reckon to get through are three shifts a day; going all may be either "fishtail" or "rock- out for eight hours.
metal divided in the centre. One an average of 100 ft. to 300ft. in A two-cylinder 12in. by 12in. half is flanged forwards, one half 24 hours. By the end of this engine, fired by three 100 h.p. backwards. On the two blades month they will know finally and boilers, drives a horizontal drum thus formed, a resident welder decisively whether they have They are drilling for oil,
on the derrick platform. Four puts a crenellated insert of tung- spent £15,000 or £20,000 for no- Some millions of years ago the great chains, surprisingly loose, sten carbide--the hardest sub- thing or not.
To pay, an oil well must pro- Sussex weald was green with ges- rattle and bang as the engine stance known save diamonds- water instead of grass. With works. Suspended from the and covers this with a top dress- duce at least 15,000 tons of oil Tel. 27778/9 Stubbs Road the tidal recession that cut Bri- peak of the derrick, crownel ing of steel with a wedge-shaped through its life. It is loaded
tain off from the Continent, with the Union Jack, 137, edge. myriads of shell-ish were left on above the ground is a block and the new dry land. They seeped into the strata of shale that in- terleave other rocks below the surface.
Hongkong Hotel Garage
Showroom
The
Hongkong Telegraph.
THURSDAY, AUGUST 25, 1937.
A.SHORT-SIGHTED POLICY
CLANG — growl - growt grinel--CLANG —grant—prowl rol-CLANG. Ceaseless- ly. interminably. For 24 hours
a. they.
With the incredible pressure through time of the contractions of the earth they turned to fossils. Marine plants, tou, have turned to fossils, And it is the belief of scientists that oil is formed by the decomposi-' tion of these organisms;
Another condition is necessary
If in her policies towards for the production of oil in bulk: China, moral considerations dola "wrinkle" in the crust of the not carry great weight with earth in which it can collect. Japan, one would have thought that the materialistic factor,
The great oil magnates of the represented by trading op-world, with their cohorts of ex- portunities. would have been perts and their army of ac- sufficient to exercise a restrain-tuaries, have determined in cold ing influence on those ele figures that the present known ments which adhere to the doc- sources of supply of petroleum trine of force for the settlement oil in the world will be exhausted within 50 years-or less. So two of disputes between the
they are searching the earth for nations, Business men in
potential new supplies. Japan must thoroughly realise Geologists are the detectives that the methods at present be- in this world-wide hunt. They ing
employed will ruin looked over Britain, where odd commerce for many years to farmers reported streaks of oil
Japan's own prosperity They found in the South depends on peace in China. Wealden Arch, a gigantic wrinkle |Sir Eric Teichman has done well spanning the ancient "Palacozoic
come.
on he surface of their wells.
were
the
to point out that Britain and[ Floor." They said: "Here is a the United States have always good chance to find oil in Bri-
tain." Jaimed at The creation of
strong and stable Central Government in China. ruling junited people. Japan. on the other hand, has always sought to deal with regional authorities when disputes arise, a policy Legal difficulties, political which strikes at the very roots problems had to be solved. In
More explorations, more cul- culations
mude. And Grove Hill, near the village of Hellingly (pronounce it Helling- lie), they determined was one of the most promising points on
the arch.
S. MOUTRIE & Co., Ltd. of the unity and stability of the 1934 an Act was passed grant-
York Building
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Spoy- Royal Scotch Whisky
A blend of the knen Whiskite
ALL OVER TEN YEARS OLD
Bettie and Quarantand by
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To-
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It will never let
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Solp Agents;
THE CENTRAL
士披东威士忌
TRADING CO.
Bank of Conton
Building.
jeountry.
And so the little Eiffel Tower -actually a derrick-rises be- tween Springham Wood and No- body's Wood, in the green Sussex Weald,
the
Certain facts the drillers-the Anglo-American Oil Company- Palaeozoic Floor-the ancient | know: they know that
rock formation that forms the basis of the whole continent of Europe-is, at this point, be tween 1,000 and 5,000 feet below the surface.
into barrels
in con-
each holding 35 As the drill rotates the steel gallons. wears away, leaving the tung- To prevent the hole getting sten points like jagged teeth, choked steel tubes are sunk to These, too, wear away in time, line the walls. To keep water When the drill 'gets blunt the from forcing its way whole thing is hauled up and a crete is forced between the outer new blade attached. This hap- surface of the hole itself.
One of the gravest dangers pens two or three times in 24
in drilling is the fracture of a hours.
In such a case For hurd rock, such as lime pipe or drill.
special tools on the drill-end stone, the rock-bit is used: a complex arrangement of tripli- fish for the fragments in the ente toothed wheels of steel. The impenetrable subterranean dark. life of such a bit is two days; This is a real danger. Such a the cost, £25. After use it is fracture may hold up work for thrown away-the metal is too six months. Consequently they
never drive the drill too fast. "tired" to be retempered.
From time to time, to take a
+
܀
sample of the rock, a "core drill" And before you condemn is attached to the shaft. This these, oil-drillers as defacers of takes a cylindrical chunk out of the countryside,
money- grub- the earth, much as an empty hers destroying beauty, apos- cocoa tin, pressed down into a ties of a materialist civilisation, cake and withdrawn, would take bear in mind that to get you a a cylindrical section out of the couple of gallons of petrol for your car or a drop of oil for your
cake.
The resident geologist inspects bicycle, these men take their the chunk and keeps in a shed lives in their hands. There is a permanent record of the strata heroism as well as industrialism which have already been pierced. in the vil game. The first core was taken હાર્ટ ! Though smoking is ruthless- depth of 118 feet.
ly forbidden near the drilling, At the surface of the earth there is enough steel lying about the hole in the ground is 22 to generate a spark as metal inches across. Further down it strikes metal. There needs only gets smaller, for they fit smal- to be a strike of oil for it to ler drills
gush upwards to meet such a As the drill bites its way into spark and the whole rig is ih the earth mud-just plain mud danger of going up in flames. is forced down with it.. The First-class equipment cuts the mud acts as a lubricant; it sof risk to a minimum. tens the rock which the drill So the gamble goes on. Al- is piercing; and, by an hydrau- ready two drillings-one at Hen. lic system, it is forced up inside field, Sussex, another near Ports- the drill and carries with it the mouth-have been tried without particles of crushed rock which success. If the one at Hellingly the drill has displaced.
fails, they will sink a well eight Above the drill as it descends miles from Elinburgh. But, are fixed pipes, in 30ft. lengths, as I left the rig with its rending These are cylindrical. They are noise and desolate mud-tanks, inserted between the square and went back into the country, shaft hold in the drum and the I wondered if success-oven un- drill itself. Each section is attended by flaming tragedy-- screwed on by hand, then tigh- might not cut the last two syll- tened by machinery.
abies from the hamlet's name.
Through the pipe rise mud and chips.
Through it, too, will rise
the oil-if and when found.
Guy Ramsey
Despite the inumer-ing to certain stated companies able difficulties with which she the right to drill. has been faced, China has in recent years made marked pro- gress towards complete unity, but Japan, so far from assisting that process, has continued along the lines of seeking to separate one part of the country from another. Her latest ven- ture, however, is proving a boomerang, inasmuch as it is consolidating China as no other circumstance could have done. There is evidence everywhere of strong support for the Central oil well in Texas 12,600 feet ground Railway suggests that Brittin deep. They know that, if oil is is quickly becoming a nation of Government in its resistance to not found about the Floor, it will spectacled men and women.
During the Coronation rush 700 Japan's aggression, and it is not be found at all.
additional staff were appointed, and Now, even as you read this, it was afterwards desired to make a eloquent of world opinion that all the sympathy is with China they are drilling. Driving down number of permanent appointments. hundred were sent for the Three in her hour of trial. From no ward through the earth, through usual medical examination, and out out of 134 examined in another dem source, even the most jingoistic, sand and shale, limestone, sand- of these, 120 had to be written down 40 required glasses, and 40 already stone, slate, chalk, even bits of as failures on the score of eyesight wearing spectacles required differen: policy approved. wood in process of turning to is Japan's
lenses. Superficially this may not seem very large percentage, but the im- An estimate given by a responsible ! Relying on her own strength, coal, scanning the deposits portant point is that all the up-holly after testing some millions of wear Japan still persists in defying brought up by the drill for traces plicants were quite confident about people was that one person in three adverse world opinion, but of the viscous fluid that is the their eyesight. They believed that required glasses, but it must be re- was amongst It was at least "good" or they would membered that this
A Bespectacled Nation
That is not much: there is one
RECENT experience of the staff
again, spectacles are no longer the handicap they were once considered.
A department of the London Under-Seven People Out of The war showed that a spectacled
Ten Have Defective
Vision
having gone so far, it is difficult basis of modern transport. not have applied, as the strictness men and women who suspected they! It is a gamble: a gigantic gam- of the lest is a matter of common knd deficient eyesight and went for ble. The odds are 10 to 1 knowledge. against. "Fair odds. Worth
to visualise her drawing back from the venture upon which she has embarked. Her methods have inevitably heightened such anti-Japanese
a test.
soldier, could be efficient.
A man with deficient eyesight wearing proper glasses is under few handleaps to-day. A few trades are
he barred to him, but
cnn play games, shoot, drive, and so on ns weli ar
as his more fortunate brothers. Unbreakable lenses have removed
cricket in glasses. Examples could be given of first-class cricketers who Spectacled pinyers ginsses. have appeared at Wimbledon.
The visual abilities of u spectacted man or woman should be judged when they are wearing glasses. In many cases their sight is better than that of others with alight deficiencies which are unsunpected
The eyesight test required motorists is exceedingly simple, yet
the danger of playing such games as
of
Eleven out of every 100 of the recruits who were inspected at the Not Much of a Handicap Central London recruiting depot dur-
An estimate that seven people out between December and May Inst 350 ing the months December 1936-May 1937 were rejected on the score of of ten have imperfect eyesight has falled to rend an identification plate fully sight, The War Office ex- been made. But if the number of of a car at 25 yards. It is safe to feeling as persisted in China; materially by her tactics, for, uitation is not as strict as that of men and women with first-class eye- say that they were people without here, again, It is cause for won- even if hostilities were soon to the Underground railways. Again, sight is steadily decreasing, the posi- glasses who had not noticed their derment that Japan's leaders do come to an end, there must be one must remember that the recruits, tion is not so bad as it might appear. short sight, or spectacle wearers who generally speaking, believed them- First of all, we have to remember had not had their lenses changed as or will not, nee that the left behind such a residue of re-selves fit for the Army, The 11 per that millions of cases of deficient their eyesight altered. not, very movement against which sentment amongst the people of sent. is 11 per cent. of our fittest eyesight aro recognised and treated
lo-day, whereas 50 years ago they The Trouble Begins at School young men. they inveigh is fostered rather China as to make the resump-
Even more startling are the figures might not have been found,
that the Many experts belleve tests in factories. A. On the road, in offices and fac- than otherwise by the use of the tion of normal trade in the near secured by big stick. Bereft of moral sup- future a most unlikely contin-report lost year showed that out of torles, and even in the home wo use trouble starts at school. School- 130 employees examined in one firm, our eyes for close work much more children to-day rend much more than
(Continued on Page 5.) port, Japan stands also to lose gency.
GL were found to require glasses, and than our grandfathers did. Then,
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