1937-08-19 — Page 22

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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. THURSDAY,

AUGUST, 19,

1937.

Of WAR

A Brief History THE SPANISH

0

1-The Plan

N the third day of the war in Spain General Queino de Llano, satrap of Seville, rang up the Home Office in Madrid and asked, might he speak to General Mola?

To Queipo's chagrin, he had to "press button B," get his money back, and try another number, not in the Madrid directory.

According to the plan of the generals, Mola should have marched into Madrid that day. But the plan had gone agley. Briefly, it was this:

First day-rising in Morocco. Second day- provincial gar- risons in Spain would join the movement and converge on the capital.

Third day-with Madrid, en- closed in a circle of violence, the Government paralysed with fear and bewilderment, a rising within the city would finish the job,

In Spain, the land of manant. they seldom keep to schedule. The generals' Three Day Plan has developed into a year-long war, and they are farther away than ever from their goal.

2-The First Failure

Why did the Plan misenrry? From a multiplicity of factors, on which the rebels failed to calculate, I should pick out these as decisive:

1 The People's Front Govern- ment armed the people, and even more important- the people were prepared to

use the arms.

·

2 The Navy remained loyal.

More

One

Than

Year Old

Madrid was saved by the people of Madrid, men, women and even children

("My only surprise has first squadron

By

was ordered to

been the hostile attitude of Morocco two days before the the Fleet," said Franco.) rebellion) to fly the Moors

3 The Anarchist

(C.N.T.) across.

workers, though not in the People's Front, stood shoui- der to shoulder with the Socialist, Communist and

4-Badajoz: Irun

With the aid of the Moors

Liberal (U.G.T.) workers. Franco first swept through

William Forrest

round Madrid. Each successive attack-first from the west, next from the north-west, then from the south-east (against the Valencia road)-met with a more stubborn resistance than the last.

Finally, in March, the Italians tried the "north-east passage" down the Guadalajara road, and Mussolini himself hus said it will be a long time before he forgets that affair:

year

Now, on the eve of the first anniversary of the war, Madridl has taken the offensive for the first time since the siege began.

A

her citizens ugo stormed .their Bastille-the Montana barracks-and then sallied forth in flower-decked the cars and lorries to meet enemy in the passes of the Gundurramas.

The violent sunshine, the laughing cheering crowds, the flowers, the rushing to and fro, the cannon which they dragged from a museum-it had all the air of carnival about it.

8-The People's Army

But even then, in the midst of the carnival, thoughtful men foresaw the long, grim struggle ahead, the dark November days.

They knew that the 11:1- trained, wurly-armed and un- disciplined militia groups, all owning allegiance to different political or trade union organi- sations, could never beat the disciplined enemy. The Republic must have an Army, a People's Army, properly equipped, strict- ly disciplined, obedient to one command.

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THE HONGKONG

TELEGRAPH

SEVENTH ANNUAL

Amateur Photographic Competition

Closing Date: 30th September, 5 p.m.

SECTION THREE: STUDIES IN STILL LIFE

A beginning was made with the formation by the Commun- ist Party of the so-called Fifth Regiment. This was the. back- bone of Madrid's defence in the the early days, and in January it Samuel Hoare's phrase); radio sent out SOS's to and

members of this trade union was chosen-or, rather, offered und that trade union, summon itself as the nucleus of the 2 That the Brownshirt and ing them to the defence of the new People's Army.

When Spain's Ambassadors Blackshirt Dictators, city, and the call was answered. the who had violated one agree-

Trenches were dug, barri- met in Valencia last month Premier Negrin was able to tell ment after another could cades raised, and the defences them that the Republic had an somehow be trusted to manned by the young men, honour this one.

who held on until the arrival army almost four times as as the rebel forces While British trade unionists of the International Brigade and numerous 4 The Basque Nationalists, Andalusia and captured Bada-

who were also outsiders, joz, signalising his triumph at the Plymouth Congress last the Catalan column, relieved and a war industry (part of it threw in their lot with the with the bloodbath in the bullSeptember were endorsing the the rebel pressure and enabled operating only a few miles from People's Front because it ring (1,500 shot). This secured her Non-Intervention, Spanish the whole city, now under the the Madrid front lines) which foreign war

Owing to pressure on space the list of Prizes have been promised (and later grant him the necessary link with trade unionists were crying out Junta of Defence, to be placed would soon make Spain in- ed) them home-rule, which his friend Salazar, Dictator of in vain for arms.

on a war footing and converted dependent of

unavoidably left out for this issue, but the Sections, Rufes and The day after Toledo fell to into the impregnable fortress material. the generals denied them. Portugal..

Roman, Germanic and Moor-Entry Form are printed below: Followed the drive on Irun the Fascists I passed through which it is to-day. But for this, the rebels

ish invaders in turn subdued would have been spared and San Sebastian, which iso- the nearby town of Ocana.

ancient Spain over the course

SECTION ONE: 7-The Blond Moors

In one centuries.

year their costly and still un- lated the Basques and closed There were four hundred young

of finished campaign in the the western end of the French men in that town, ready to go

to the front. And how many Faced with this unexpected modern Spain, has successfully FOR STORY-TELLING PICTURES north, in which they have frontier.

them? Only resistance, Fascist intervention resisted the combined invasion among

and Germans The way was now clear for rifles lost their ablest comman-·

Romans, entered a new stage. During of the march on Madrid, der, Mola.

A The Government meanwhile month later, when the November, December and Janu- Moors. Thus, after three days the

With the blood of her best rebels found themselves masters had committed itself to those rebels were within fifteen milus nry (before the ban on volun- of only half Spain, the poorer futile, impossible sloges by raw of Madrid, Largo Caballero, teers) thousands of Italian and sons Spain has inscribed the of strongly fortified Premier, War Minister and German troops, and with them epic of her liberty. She has and less populous half Madrid, militia

cities. The Asturians Commander-in-Chief, issued an masses of material, were poured stopped that melancholy retreat Barcelona, Valencia and Bilbao, rebel

of Democracy before the Ag- the four chief cities, were all in were "sitting down" before order-of-the-day: "We've got into Spain.

The Italians took Malaga in gressors. She has shattered the Government hands.

Oviedo, the Valencians before the guns, we've got the tanks, Teruel, the Andalusians before we've got the planes. Forward. their stride; the Germans bomb- contemptuous legend that "Eu- 3-Enter The Dictators Cordoba and the Catalans be- It was a lie; a desperate lie. ed their way, via Guernica, to rope ends at the Pyrenees," and

fore Saragossa ("Saragossa Something had to be done to Bilbao ("We want the iron ore," has made herself a Power,

And, gentlemen of the Labour Had this been one of those Never Surrenders").

stop the retreat. But while said Hitler.)

But try as they might they Party, she has done all this familiar

advontures Spanish

Guerilla warfare, which the despair may win battles, decep- they call pronuncia- which

Spaniards employed so effec- tion cannot. Only when the could not break the iron ring under a People's Front. mientos (and which we denote tively against Napoleon, for rebels came to the very gates by some other foreign word like which the country is just made of Madrid did the guns and the putsch or coup, as if to show

-the very word guerrila ia tanks and the planes (most of how utterly un-English they

Spanish-was attempted hardly them Russian) begin to appear, und at first in pathetically are) it might have fizzled out

at all. after such a poor start. But it

The supreme folly of this small numbers, was not. It was another stride

"sitting down" was the memor- in the world-wide onward

able Siege of the Alcazar at 6-Defence of Madrid

It has march of the Aggressors:

Manchuria Abyssinia

Rhineland

Spain

(What's in an initial?)

Toledo. At a time when every available man should have been

were

twelve.

And yet Madrid held.

sent to oppose the rebel advance held out now for eight and a half months, five times as long along the Tagus Valley, "death, battalions"

being dis the Paris Commune with- patched to the assault of the stood the forces of the Right in 1871. Has there been anything Alcazar.

this in history to surpaas It is good to know that the miracle of the defence of Mad- man responsible for this tragic rid? blunder, General Asensio," has How to explain it? The No. International Brigade? now been eliminated.

Madrid was saved by the people

5-The Cry For Arms of Madrid, men, women, and

The heavy swords of Hitler and Mussolini were thrown into the scale. The Spanish people, having beaten back the attack

Democratie Spain was fight- even children. I wish you could of their own Fascists, had now to fight the Fascist Interna- ing the enemy with her hands have seen the women of Madrid tional.

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tled-tied by democratic Franca marching through the city on a and Britain. The "le of Non- day in late October, shaking The Flest had falled Franco. Intervention" (M. Blum's own their flats at the rebol bombers Instead of escorting shiploads phraso) had been framed. It in the sky and raising frenzied pf Moors from Africa It was was based on the assumption: cries of deflance, "No pasaran!" Throughout the first week in patrolling the Straits against 1 That this was just a dog- thefr:passage. Well, there were fight between two "rival November, as the enemy closed plenty of Italian planos (the

Spanish factions" (Sir in on the capital, the Madrid Hong Bank Bldg.

Telephone 28021.

SECTION TWO:

SECTION FOUR: SNAPSHOTS TAKEN BY CHILDREN UNDER 14 YEARS

GENERAL PICTORIAL SECTION

SECTION FIVE: (VIEWS, ARCHITECTURE, LANDS- CAPES, SEASCAPES, HUMAN AND FOR PICTURES OF HONGKONG

CORONATION- CELEBRATIONS ANIMAL STUDIES).

READ THE Rules carefuLLY

The following tules will govem the 7-Ail entries to be either black, sepia, Competition:

JR

par.

confined ex- Competition 1.-The

clusively to amateur photographers. Z-No employes or member of any fur

in the photographic trade mlited to compote. 3-The prizes will be awarded to the

Witat sending In

aro competitors adjudged to be the best photographs in cach section. Each entry must be accompanied by a form which wil bo pubished during the period of the Competition, and which must be lightly pasted on back of entry. 4-The right to publish any or all of

in the Telegraph the entries reserved.

or

toned pictures, and must be mounted. Hand-coloured photographer are ineligible.

B.Pictures submitted in sepia

tones

abould be accompanied by a smaller print in black and white.

9No pleture to be entered in mor

than one Section. 10-Mounia to be only while or cream,

and, except in the Children's Bection must be of one of the following izes:-15 by 14", 1" by 12", 10° 23 J

11-No correspondence will be entered into in connection with the Competi- tion.

1813-Members of the Biafts of Hongkong Telegraph and the South China Morning Post are not permitted to compote.

All photographs entered must have! been taken in the Colony of Hong- kong. Photographs which have been already entered in other Competitions are ineligible.

4. No responsibility will be accepted for Bon-delivery of, loss of, or damago to entries.

14-The decisions of the Judges shall be

£rial.

jan,

15-At the conclusion of the Compati

entries wil ke returned to enmpetitions OTI ape..cation at the Telegraph officer va seven days.

DON'T DELAY. SEND IN YOUR ENTRIES NOW

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AND

ENTRY FORM

SECTION

LIGHTLY PASTE IT ON THE BACK OF EACH ENTRY.

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DATE

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