1937-07-06 — Page 22

10

NEW TYPE CHURCH MUST COME

By

THE

HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.

TUESDAY,

JULY

1937.

· · LAST YEAR 790 men lost their lives in British mining accidents, while in 1935 the death roll was 908. In 1934 the number of deaths was 1,088, of which the explosion and consequent wave of fire at the Gresford colllery accounted for 261.

An explosion is the cause of almost every major mining disaster. At the

Hugh Redwood research station on the moors near

OME time ago I wrote of the spiritual prob- lems created by Lon don's rehousing schemes. The Methodist Church, I then stated, was trying to work out some scheme for tackling them, and a partial solution might be sought by building churches of an en- tirely new type.

I believe I am right in saying that the London Mission, under the In- spiring leadership of Ensor Walters, has a commission of some sort at work. I should like to see it do Homething quickly, for a lead is urgently needed.

New-type churches will have to come if the tenement townships of former slum areas are not to be left to themselves. The various denomi- nations should be bringing to bear on the question of design all their all their vision, all their genlus, commonsensebut especially the,two fast mentioned:

Meantime what is needed is some- one with millions to whom the idea. would appeal, as the idea of free libraries appealed to Andrew Car- negle. Someone prepared to esta- blish a building fund under the con- trol of an interdenominational board of trustees.

It was Thomas Tiptedy who took me round Lambeth and Vauxhall Tiplady of Lambell Mission, and the Ideal Cinema. I went to talk to fit about his picture services and more particularly shout his success- ful encounter with the Commis- gave nioners of Income Tax. But he me other things to think about, for his conversation dealt less with the ways in which the needs of his people have been met than with the ways in which he still dreams of meeting them.

This Methodist from the Yorkshire Dales has been building up congre- by revolutionary means. gations His picture shows are no more re volutionary than his liturgy-they merely meet obvious need.

At one time his crowds could not be held; they had no reverence, Hitle interest and no understanding what- ever of prayer. "I have often seen the whole congregation standing on the seats watching a fight in the alsie," he told me.

He tamed them by teaching them from the screen the liturgy of the Church of England, with the aid of which he recruited his Methodist class-meetings.

His near neighbour, the Arcli- bishop of Canterbury, might like to know this, but perhaps knows. It already, for in the shadow of Lam- beth Palace there is great

under- standing and kindliness of spirit.

To onc of his Sunday School graduates, Len Bradbrook, a young commis- man of colour, he gave sion to care for the children, and Len Bradbrook has done wonders.

He can hold 500 or 600 children breathless with

a motion of his

hand, whereas some teachers I know could not do it with a police whistle. But then Len Bradbrook takes child- ren seriously.

He hill on the idea of a "garage for skates and scooters" and youth

Buxton, scientists are constantly ex-

perimenting to discover how these explosions are started and how they can be prevented." David Masters describes their methods here.

Na dopression at the foot of a slope on the Derbyshire moors, a few miles from Buxton, two great black pipes, resem- bling huge water-mains, stretch out for These aro the half a mile. experimental galleries in which

coal dust explosions are created.

pit props and timbers are placed inside, and pulverised coal is scattered along the road.

A cartridge is fired by clec- tricity, and with a bang a cloud of dust bursts out at the end of the gallery, to explode into a great flame, after which the deadly brownish clouds of car- bon monoxide come rolling out of the tunnel, while the props and timbers, after travelling for half a mile through the gallery, may be hurled a hundred yarda or so from the mouth.

N

*

0 more Impressive demonstration of the danger of coal dust could be conceived.

There are smaller galleries in which explosives are tested by firing them into explosive gases. If they explode the gas the gallery is saved from being in an Ingenious wrecked

manner.

Vent holes at the top are covered with paper, which is at once burst by an explosion, thus allowing the flames and gases to escape. All types of explo- sives for use in mines must rat be submitted to the experts here for testing.

If they pass the tests, they are placed on the "permitted" list of explosives that may legally be used under- ground.

But one of the major dis- coveries of recent years was that fine coal dust was quite as

B3 dangerous

fredamp causing explosions.

T

which

in

HE firing of a cart- ridge might blow up n ΟΙ coal dust WAYO

with would explode terrific intensity. As the wave travelled onwards, more and more dust would be whipped up from the roads to add to the explosive forces,

To mine coal without creating coal-dust is a physical impossi- bility, so the experts sought a way

Battling

with the

DEATH DUST

of making the coal dust harmless. To maturate the dust with water was obvious; but some dust is so fine that even after coplous water- ing it floats on the surface and cnn bo blown Away without difficulty.

One private organisation obvi- ated the danger by inventing a which special chemical liquid caked the coal dust and prevented it. from being blown about. But the most popular method was dia- covered by the specialists of the research board, who found that by mixing a proportion of very fine stone dust with coal dust the latter was robbed of its power to explode.

'N all coal mines to- day spraying or stone dusting must be car- ried out to comply with the regulations. Some mines, in- deed, are equipped with their own stone-crushing machinery.

The stone to crushed until it resembles the finest flour, and I know a mine where 150 tons of stone dust are scattered through the workings every night.

It is possible to travel through the roads of this mine for two miles right up to the coal-face without seeing a speck of coal dust. The roads are grey, like the unmade

roads of a chalk countryside, and after walking In such a mine a man's shoes suggest that he has been walking along a dusty coun- try road.

P

*

ERHAPS the gravest danger of all arises from the use of explo- sives in coal mines. For vari- ous purposes it is essential to use explosives.

The shot-arers have a delicate task. A trifling error and they may bring death to themselves and their fellow workmen.

It is quite impossible to prevent the formation of fredamp. Iron scattered found pyrites **are through most seams. They are the sometimes particles glistening found among coals, known as "fool's gold." because so many people have mistaken them for gold.

These oxydise and create heat in⚫ the seams, the heat in its turn rC- leasing gas from the coal.

Filtering through tiny holes and cracks, the gas collects in the workings where the air circulation is not good. Last century man round with a naked light to set fire to the gas before the miners came on duty. It seems incredible

sometimes went

to-

THE BOOM IN DIAMONDS

IAMONDS are boonting. While the closed, even though stones worth mil

illerally rolls up to his services, DIA price of the stones has gone sailing lions of pounds may lie in the work

often from qulle considerable dis- tances.

they would not be worth millions. American Demand

grind into shape every part of modern machinery. Nothing else will cut the still the toughert "knives" in the In- dustry.

(up by 80 per cont., shares in distuandings. It they were taken out loo soon carborundum wheels, and diamonds are Genius such as this deserves that mines which were quoted at 10. five ils hands should be strengthened, years ago now stand at 10. d. and Thomas Tiplady pleads for churches which shall be social cen- tres for the people and institutes for Dhe training and recreation of youth.

A hall full of light for worship In which the Gospel can be preached

Diamonds are becoming more expen alve, more in demand, and more useful.

It is on record that during the War became so short of cutting During the alump perled the Diamond Germany Corporation padlocked the gates of the diamonds that, the stones were taken And yet, if all the diamonds in the mines all arer the globe. Their sales out of women's rings to help to make gun. In similar fashion the the world were put on the market, their of uncut diamonds were only £2,000,000. Aro. Last value might drop till they would cost That was only Ave years

year, typleal of the boom, sales Bur- motoring boom is partly responsible for

the proclousness of diamonds. little more than paste imitations.

passed the $8,000,000 mark. Practically

الم

the

diamonds

Thero la no reason, na yet, to supposs

to leave tho stones BTO

Watching the cloud of deadly

gas and dust burst from the end

of one of the "

pipes."

great black

day, and may explain some of the terrible mining disasters of the past.

These factors imposed on the acientists a problem that seemed insuperable. Man could not pre- vent Nature from creating the deadly gas. To forbid the use of coal- explosives might prevent infning from being carried on at all.

H

Ow, then, was it pos- sible to fire a cartridge

the find

In fi mine without running the risk of exploding an unknown pocket of gas? Το solve this problem. technologlats set out to exactly what happens when a cartridge is fred. They turned to the camera for help, nchley- ing photographic miracles by taking photographs in 100,000th of a second. In some cases they took photograph by spark from a Leyden jar in a mil- ionth of a second.

ก

These remarkable "photographs proved that when a cartridge ja exploded it pushes in front of it a wave of air, known as the shock wave, which may emerge from the muzzle rather like a smoke ring: behind the shock wave follows the pressure wave; and then follow the gaseous products created by the explosion of the cartridge and the deadly flame which is the real menace to a mine.

T

0 avoid all danger, it was necessary to shield the fredamp from this flame, to find something that would hang like a safety blan- ket over the flame and prevent it from causing any harm.

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CROSSWORDS

OUR BRITISH In

the end they managed it by using one of the commonest of household substances, ordinary blcarbonate of soda,

The same chemical that is used in cooking vegetables and relicy- ing indigestion is used by the 1 scientists at the Mines Research Station to prevent explosions in mines.

Henry Ford uses 1,000 diamonds a by all possible means, including the existence are mined and wolt under the that tire diamond boom la a bubble that year in his vast factory, and Lord Nut cinema, a gymnasium, albrary auspices of one concern, known as the may burst. In the best of years the fold employs almost that number. You studies, shower baths, club rooms, Diamond Corporation. This amazing Corporation has sold £19,000,000 worth cannot eat a slice of broad or read a a clerk in Hatton book without the diamond making its Influence perceptible on your life. The rollera which roll out flour are ground and a roof playground-these are

odd £7,000,000 in. Garden getting a headache. some of the things that are wanted, business house has a capital of only of stones without

Diamonds of large also 'sce fetching into shape by A wheel trued up by a and Lambeth is not alone in wanting 4,720,286, with no

vested in subsidiary compaulos. At its

Oppen more than ever before, Americans are diamond. The fine wire which is colled them.

П 农置 gilt-edged with a diamond. the present rates The cause is Imperative and is head is age man, Sir Erasst

who has climbed up security, above and beyond all denominational helmer, who went to Kimberley at the buying them, regarding them even at into an electric bulb can be made only

London differences. The

County age of 17, and

Germany is short of diamonds, and Valuable Throw-Outs Council should support it, for it through the diamond Industry till ha stands to profit by all that is done stands at its summit sunburnt, cannot at present import many, because

brakers aro forbidden

As an indicatlon' of the extent of the money-but country with

Influence of the diamond on industry | for the moral and spiritual welfare shrewd-eyed millionaire not yel Ge,

Thanks to his fron control, the readily concealed.

thore is the fact that one British firm of those who live in its dwellings. But the LC.C., though it can help

Witness the Invalid, his arm swathed of industrial diamond distributers sold with sites, cannot be expected to and diamond market is never flooded, The

* fantastic bave reached between ilerlin and London. When the price must the money. That is a matter for demand for rough stone. Is carefully millionaires, and it one or two of Judged and shipments from Afrits are in bandages who frequently travelled 3,000,000 stones last year. Their total

to frontler guards grow puspicious they total. thens could pay a visit "dowa Vaux-adjusted accordingly. Sometimes,

stone, insisted on the lint and maslin being

No matter how stringent the control were their apologies hall way" I think they would sign keep the diamond a precious

mites are deliberately closed, and kept removed. Doop

when they came upon a scared, ugly the element of chance can still creep the cheques.

wound, and the invalid went unhindered into the diamond world. Industry, di

covered certain hard alloys which if they could be turned in the precision When the man arrived in London the cutting of machinery could achieve re- stitches were unpicked and the diamond suits at about a tonth of the former that bad been deliberately sawa into cast. What would be hard enough to the Incision was removed. Still fur. cut out tools in the new silbys and give ther to enhance the boom is the fronte them a keen edge? fact that we may soon be exhausting

Diamonds also answered the question, Nature' diamond reservo, Despite the

are and gradually the Diamond Corpora diamonda Corporation control,

coloured atones-alone

valueless-at gradually becoming rerer. Fewer and lon sold

practically fewer of the large stones are being dis- considered covered. The yield of many great high prices. mines has dropped by ha12,

WHEN AT HOME The

Hongkong Telegraph

MAY BE PURCHASED

.AT

SELFRIDGE'S

on his way.

Much Used In Industry

They invented a safety cartridge that is wrapped in a jacket of When the bicarbonate of soda. cartridge explodes, some of the dioxide gas-the poisonous gas we bicarbonate is turned into carbon breathe out of our lungs and it will not burn.

In addition to forming this inert gas, the heat from the explosion generates from the bicarbonate a certain amount of steam. Some of the bicarbonate is also changed into particles of solid carbonate of goda.

Now the force of the explosion drives this safety blanket of inert gas and steam before it, prevent- ing the flame from touching off the explosive gas in the mine.

UCH some of the

Smiracles worked by the

are

who scientists striving to lessen the risks in our coal mines,

Their researches are financed aut of the Miners' "Welfare Fund which is derived from a levy of a halfpenny a ton on all coal raised. The bigger the output, the mors the fund benefits. It may total over £600,000 a year, and all of it must be dovoled to the welfare of the miners.

The fund pays for colliery piny- ing fields and swimming pools and for the greatest boon of all-the pithead baths which splendid enable the miner to leave the grime of the pit behind him.

-To-day's Thought- THE primary indication of a well-ordered mind te a man's ability to remain in one place and linger in his own company.

--SENECA,

While gold is a soft, unstable com modity, changing its valus with cur rencies and the needs of countrine, all the problems of the diamond world have Again, only half the diamonds mined been solved by a control as hard as the are suitable for jewellery or invest carbon of which the stones are made. ment. The remainder go into industry The Diamond Corporation carefully and help to make machinery.he grades all rough stones and sells them armaments drive it having repercus- at the caratully eatabli bed price. pro-Arranged prices to their clients, the ston on the diamond-cutting firms of Brokers cannot haggle. Since there is diamond cutters and polishers. That is Antwerp and Amsterdam,

hardly any other source of supply they why the little diamond twinkles mer-

rily its price goes up, .. Diamonds are used to true up the must take them or leave them.

Harold A. Albert. very hard carborundam wheels which They, in their turn, must pass on the

ACROSS

1 Takes a bit of chewing.

.3 Highly suggestive of a power of

aftorney.

8 Brave, though a litle bitter.. 9 Men, women and children. 10 A real king, or not a real king. 11 Always used in the construction of crosswords, though less effec- tive than a pen.

12 Draw.

10 Plant requiring a platform to

reach maturity. Whitler sald that these words "It might have been." are,

17

18 Commoner.

21 Light-spliter

23 Crystalline box.

24 What bears make in barracks.

25 All spoken or nearly all.

20 Shrinks and dries up on a horse. 20 Gives one a bad turn, but it's not done by a friend (hyphen,

3,

4).

30 Reminds one of what Mark had for lunch in the Forum (hyphen, 0, 5).

31 Half-sister.

DOWN

1 Their chiefs don't wear the

breeches,

2 Ell wand (anog.);

Had a spin.

4 Get away from it.

5 Scottish Island.

# Dye.

7 Look correctly and you'll easily

spot the fox.

These are unpleasant animals by night.

13 If the lower part of this country

Is removed, Mhe. remainder naturally, is lower.

14 The reason why six alt in the

drawingroom.

15 Time now to mix. Well, Just

mix.

19 Earlier synonym for kamerad.

(Not half)

20 Tests.

21 Shakespeare character who gave

only pert ald

22 Asquirm, (anng.)7,

28 Only before. being under, 27 Fiy: not the other 'iniget. 28 This town is turned upside dow

by the cry o

202; a 'cal

Testerday's Betation GRASP PO RP

BOLATE

EL

A INT

IN B

VED LATEN

REB

HAB

E BLAY