1937-07-06 — Page 10

10

NEW TYPE CHURCH MUST COME

By

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. TUESDAY, JULY

1937.

GLAST YEAR 700 men lost their lives in British mining accidents, while In 1935 the death roll was 008. In 1934 the number of deaths was 1,068,. of which the explosion and consequent wave of fre at the Gresford colliery accounted for 201,

Hugh Redwood research station

OME time ago I wrote of the spiritual prob-

don's rehousing schemes. The Methodist Church, I then stated, was trying to work out some scheme for tackling them, and a partial solution might be sought by

An explosion is the cause of almost At the every major mining disaster.

on the moors near Buxton, scientists are constantly, ex- perimenting to discover how these explosions are started and how they can be prevented. David Masters describes

Na depression at the foot of a slope on the Derbyshire moors, a few miles from Buxton, two great black pipes, resem- bling huge water-mains, stretch out for half a mile. These are the experimental galleries in which

coal dust explosions are created.

building churches of an en-pit props and timbers are placed tirely new type.

inside, and pulverised coal is scattered along the road.

I believe I am right in saying that the London Mission, under the in- spiring leadership of Ensor Walters, a commission of some sort at work. I should like to see it do someuring

for a lead is quickly.

urgently needed,

New-type churclica will have to come if the tenement townships of former slum areas are not to be left to themselves. The various denomi- nations should be bringing to bear on the question design at their vision, all their genlus, all their commonsense but especially the two last mentioned.

Meantime what is needed is some- one with millions to whom the iden would appeal, as the idea of free! Ibraries appealed Andrew Car- negle. Someone prepared to esta-

blish a building fund under the con- trol of an interdenominational board of trustees.

It was Thomas Tiplady who took me round Lambeth and Vauxhall Tiplady of Lambeth Mission and the "Ideal" Cinema. I went to talk to him about his picture services and more particularly about his success- ful encounter with the Commis- sioners of Income Tax. But he gave me other things to think about, for fils conversation dealt less with the of his ways in which the needs people have been met than with the ways in which he still dreams of meeting them.

A cartridge is fired by elec- tricity, and with a bang a cloud of dust bursts out at the end of the gallery, to explode into a great. flame,' after which the deadly brownish clouds of 'car- bon monoxide come rolling out

the tunnel, while the props and timbers, after travelling for half a mile through the gallery. may be hurled a hundred yards

or so from the mouth.

*

Impressive To more

demonstration of the danger of coal dust

could be conceived.

There are smaller galleries in which explosives are tested by firing them into explosive gases. If they explode the gas the gallery is saved from being wrecked in an ingenious

manner.

Vent holes at the top are covered with paper, which is at once burst by an explosion, thus allowing the flames and gases to escape. All types of explo- sives for use in mines must first be submitted to the experts This Methodist from the Yorkshire

If they pass here for testing. been building up congre- Dales

has gations by revolutionary means. the tests, they are placed on the His picture shows are no more re-permitted" list of explosives volutionary

than his liturgy-they that may legally be used under- merely meet obvious need.

one time his crowds could not ground. be held; they had no reverence, itle interest and no understanding what- ever of prayer. "I have often seen the whole congregation standing on the seats watching a fight in the aisle," he told me.

He tamed them by teaching them from the screen the liturgy of the Church of England, with the aid of itis Methodist which he recruited class-meetings.

Hls near neighbour, the Arch- bishop of Canterbury, might like to know this, but perhapa knows it already, for. in the shadow of Lam- beth

Palace there is great

under- standing and kindliness of spirit.

To one of his Sunday School graduates, Len Bradbrook, a young man of colour, he gave a commis- for the children, and Len Bradbrook has done wonders.

He can hold 500 or 000 children breathless wit a motion of his hand, whereas some teachers I know could not do

police whistle. it with then Len Bradbrook taites child-

sion to

But

care

ren seriously,

Ho hit on the idea of a "garoge for skates and scooters" and "youth Iterally rolls up to his

But one of the major dis- coveries of recent years was that fine coal dust was quite as firedamp 117 RS dangerous causing explosions.

*

firing of a cart-

Tridge might plow up a

dust with

coal of wave

explode which would terrific intensity. As the "wave travelled onwards, more and more dust would be whipped up from the roads to add to the explosive forces.

To mine coal without creating coal dust is a physical limposal- bility, so the experts sought a way

Battling

with the

DEATH

DUST

of making the coal dust harmless. To saturate the dust with water was obvious; but some dust is so fine that even after copious water- ing it floats on the surface and can be

without blown aWaY dimculty.

One private organisation obvi- ated the danger by inventing a special chemical liquid which caked the coal dust and prevented it from being blown about. But the most popular method was diz- covered by the speciallats of the research board, who found that by mixing a proportion of very fine stone dust with coal dust the latter was robbed of its power to explode.

N-all coal mines to- day spraying or stone dusting must be car- ried out to comply with the Some mines, in- regulations. deed, are equipped with their own stone-crushing machinery.

The stone is crushed until it resembles the finest flour, and I know a mine where 150 tons of stone dust are scattered through the workings every night.

It is possible to travel through the roads of this mine for two miles right up to the cont-face without seeing a speck of coal dust. The.. roads are grey. like the unmade.

roads of a chalk countryside, and after walking in such a mine a man's shoes suggest that he has been walking along a dusty coun- try road.

P

ERHAPS the gravest danger of all arises from the use of explo- sives in coal mines. For vari- ous purposes it is essential to uso explosives.

The shot-frers have a delicato task. A trifling error and they may bring death to themselves and their fellow workmen.

ато

It is quite impossible to prevent the formation of fredamp, Iron scattered found Pyrites through most scams. They are the sometimes glistening particles found among coals, known as "fool's gold." because so many people have mistaken them for gold.

These oxydise and create heat in the seams, the heat in its turn re- leasing gas from the coal.

Filtering through tiny holes and cracks, the gas collects in the workings where the air circulation is not good. Last century men sometimes went round with a naked light to set fire to the gas before the miners came on duty. It scems incredible to-

THE BOOM IN DIAMONDS

services, DIA

often from quite considerable dis- tances

Genius such

IAMONDS are booming. While the closed, even though stones worth ml- grind into shape every part of modern lions of pounds may lie in the work machinery. Nothing also will cut the price of the stones has gone sailing ings. If they were taken but too soon, carborundum wheels, and diamonds are up by 80 per cent. aharos in diamond they would not be worth millions.

as this deserves, that sitnes which were quoted at is. Ave

years ago now stand at 16s, GJ.

its hands should be strengthened, and Thomas Tiplady pleads for churches which shall be social cen- tres for the people and Institutes for the training and recreation of youth,

American Demand

Diamonds are becoming more expen

still the toughest "knives" In the in- dustry

It is on record that during the War became so short of cutting

guni,

make

the

During the slump period the Diamond Germany ivo, more in demand, and more useful.

mines all over the globe. Their solen

fashion similar In And yet, it all the diamonds in the Corporation padlocked the gates of the diamonds that the stones were taken world were put on the market, their of uncut diamonds were only £2,000,000 out of wombr'a 'ringa to help

was only five years ago. Last the valus might drop till they would cost That

year, typient of the boom, sales or motoring boom is partly responsible for

the proclousness of diamonds. little more than pasto imitations.

passed the 18,000,000 mark."

Henry Ford use 1,000 diamonds a There no reason, as yet,

the Practically all

diamonds

vested in subuldiary companies. At

in

A hall full of light for worship, In which the Gospel can be prettched by all possible means, including the existence ato mined and said under the that he almost a la bubble that your in his vast factory, and Lord N cinema, o' gymnasium,

a library, auspices of one concern, known as the nature on hottest of years the Hoid employs almost that number. You studles, shower Baths, club rooms, Diamond Corporation. Thi amasing Corporation has sold £10,000,000 worth cannot eat alice of bread or road a influence perceptible on your ilfe. The and a roof playground-these are

roilers which rall out flour are 'ground some of the things that are wasted, business house has a capital of only of stones without clerk in Hatton book without the diamond making its Diamonds of large size are fetching into shape by a wheel trued up by a and Lambeth not alone in wanting $4,720,285, with an odd £1,000,000 la Garden getting a headache.

is imperative and it is head is one man, Sir Ernest Oppen more than ever before. Americans are diamond. The fine wire which colled

Elit-edged with a diamond. the prosent above and beyond all denominational beimer, who want to Kimberley at the buying them, regarding them even at into an electric bulb can be made only climbed up security. differences. The London County of 17, and who-has Counci should

support it, for it through, the diamond industry 'till he

Germany is short of diamonds, and Valuable Throw-Outs sunburnt, at its

cannot at present import many, beragEO -- stands to profit by all that is done

brokers are forbidden to leave the country with money-but stones are readily concealed.

them.

The cruse

stande

for the moral and spiritual welfare shrewd-eyed millionaire not yat 00 of those who live in its dwellrige.

Thanks to his iron control, the But the LC.C., though it can help with sites, cannot be expected to and diamond market is never flooded. The the money. That is a master for demand for 'rough stone is carefully millionaires, and if one or two of judged and shipments from Africa ars them could pay a visit "down Vaux-adjusted hall way I think they would, sign keep the cheques.

accordingly. Sometimes,

rates

#

Watching the cloud of deadly

gas and dust burst from the and

of one of the

great black pipes."

day, and may explain some of the terrible mining disasters of the past.

These factors imposed on the scientists a problem that seemed insuperable. Man could not pre- vent Nature from creating the deadly gas. To forbid the use of explosives might prevent coal- mining from being carried on at

all.

H

⭑

OW, then, was it pos- sible to fire a cartridge In a mine without running the risk of exploding an unknown pocket of gas?

To solve this problem, tlic technologists sct

find out to exactly what happens when o cartridge is fred. They turned to the camera for help. zchlev- by ing photographic miracles taking photographs in 100,000th of a second. In some cases they took photographs by a apark from a Leyden far in a mil Honth of a second,

These remarkable photographs. proved that when a cartridge is exploded it pushes in front of it a wave of air, known as the shock wave, which may emerge from the muzzle rather like a smoke ring: behind the shock wave follows the pressure wave; and then follow the gaseous products created by the explosion of the cartridge and the deadly fame which is the real menace. to a mine.

T

10 avold all danger, It was necessary to shield the firedamp from this flame, to and something that would hang like a safety blan- Ket over the flame and prevent- it from causing any harm. the end they managed it by using one of the commonest of household, substances, ordinary bicarbonate of soda.

In

The same chemical that is used in cooking vegetables and reliev- ing Indigestion is used by the scientists at the Mines Research Station to prevent explosions in mines.

They invented a safety cartridge that is wrapped in a jacket of When the bicarbonate of soda, bicarbonate is turned into carban cartridge explodes, some of the dioxide gas-the poisonous gas we breathe out of our lungs and it will not burn.

In addition to forming this inert gas, the heat from the explosion generates from the bicarbonate a certain amount of steam. Some of the bicarbonate is also, changed into particles of solid carbonute of soda.

Now the force of the explosion drives this safety blanket of inert gas and steam before it, prevent-

the explosive gas in the mine. ing the flame from touching off

UCH some of the

Smiracles worked by the

scientists who aro striving to lessen the risks in our coal mines.

Their researches are financed out of the Miners' Welfare Fund which is derived from a levy of a The bigger the output, the more halfpenny a ton on all coal raised. the fund benefits. It may total@ver 600,000 a year, and all of it must. be devoted to the welfare of the miners.

The fund pays for colliery play-

As an indication, of the extent of the influence of the diamond on industry there is the fact that one British firm Witness the favalid, his arm swathed of industrial diamond distributora sold have reached a fantastic in bandages, who frequently travelled 3,000,000 stones Jast year. Their total between Berlin and London. When the prico muAL to frontier guards grow suspicious they total. the diamond s precious stone, insisted on the lint and muslin being

apologies No matter how stringent the control minen ars deliberately closed, and kept removed. Deep were their

when they came upon a sested, ugly the element of chance can still creop! wound, and the Invalld went unhindered into the diamond world. Industry diss covored eartain hard alloys which if on his way...

they could be turned in the precision When the man arrived in London the culling of machinery could achieve ring folds and swimming pools and alitches were unpleked and the diamond suite at about a tenth of the former that had been deliberately sewn into cont. What would be, hard enough to the incision was romoved. Still fur- cut out toole in the new alloys and givea ther to enhance the boom is the ironie them a keen edge? fact that we may soon be exhausting.

Diamonds also answered the question, Nature's diamond reserve. Despite the Corporation control, diamonds aro and gradually the Diamond Corpora

ascoloured stones stones gradually becoming raror, Fewer and tlon sold

practically valucionat fewer of the large stones are being dia conildered covered. The yield of many great high prices mines has dropped by half..

WHEN AT HOME The

Hongkong Telegraph

MAY BE PURCHASED

AT

SELFRIDGE'S

Müch Used In Industry

for the greatest boon of all-the splendid pithead baths which enable the miner to leave the grime of the pit behind him.

To-day's Thought———| THE primary indication of a well-ordered mind to a man's ability to remain in one place and linger in his own company.

SENECA.

While gold soft, unstabla com- modity, changing its value with cur rencies and the needs of countries, mil the problema of the diamond world have Again, only half the diamonds mined been solved by a control as hard as the ra liable for, jewellery, or invest carbon of which the stones are made, mont. The remainder go into Industry The Diamond Corporation carefully and help to make machinery. The grades all rough stones and sells them armemenis drive to having roporcus- it the carefully ostablished price, pre-arranged prices to their clients, the alons on the diamond-cutting Arms of Brokers cannot haggio. Bince there is diamond cutters and poilshare. That is Antwerp and Amsterdam.

hardly any other antres of supply they why the little diamond, twinkles mer- Diamonds are used to true up the must take them or leave them.

rily na ita pries goes up, very herd carborandum wheels which They, in their turn, must pass on the

Harold A.. Alberi.

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̈OUR BRITISH CROSSWORDS

ACROSS

1 Takes a bit of chewing. 3 Highly suggestive of a power of

attorney,

8 Brave, though a little bitter. 0 Men, women and children. 10 A real king, or not a real king. 11 Always used in the construction. of crosswords, though less effec- tive than a pen.

12 Draw.

16 Plant requiring a platform to

reach maturity,

17 Whittler said that these words

"It might have been," 18 Commoner.

21 Light-splitter.

23 Crystalling box,

24 What bears make in barracks. 25 All spoken-or nearly all.

20 Shrinks and dries up on a horse. 29

Gives one a bad turn, but it's done by a friend (hyphen, 1)

not

30 Reminds our of what Mark had for lunch in the Forum (hyphen, BD).

31 Half-sister.

DOWN

1 Their chiefs don't wear the

breeches.

2 Ell wand (anag).

3 Had a spin.

Get away from it.

Scottish laland:"

8 Dyc.

7. Look correctly and you'll easily

spot the fox,

9. These are unpleasant animals.

by night.

៥

13 If the lower part of this country removed, the remainder naturally is lower,

&

14 The reason why six t In the

drawingroom. tit

16 Time now to mix. Welligfúst

mix

19 Earlier synonym for kamerad,

(Not hall) 20. Tests.

21 Shakespeare character who gav

only pert ald.

22 Asquirm (ana).

20 Only before being under, 27 Fly: not the other Insect

28 This town I turned upside down

by the cry of a cat

Yesterday's. Kofution-

GBASF F

R

TBOLATE

||V TOL

AUB

N XAOHT

l01:

EXOITED LATER L

BORUT FRA BLAY

UND 78HAT PIO.0)

H¬A÷BM ON AUM“E

10

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