1937-02-08 — Page 6

The Hongkong Telegraph, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1937.

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HISTORIC STRIKE

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The

Gram Swing

Sat

O far the General Motors strike has developed without disorder, and the Labour leaders have given Governor Frank Murphy, of Michi- gan, the pledge that there will be no violence.

This is a new kind of strike sponsored by new leadership and new doc-

trine.

It is being conducted by the Committee for Industrial Or- ganisation headed by John Stubbs Road Lewis, by the United Mine-

workers, and nine industrial unions which were suspended from the American Federation of Labour because of their determination to establish in- dustrial unions in steel, auto-

Thongkong Telegraph. mobic, rubber, aluminium and

MONDAY, FEDNUARY 8, 1937.

other industries.

Tear-gas, machine-guns, homba

American Labour is fighting to-day for the right of collective bargaining. That's why the great General Motors Corpora- tion dispute is important news. New York Correspondent Raymond Gram Swing here explains the issues at stake, tells how fiercely previous U.S. strikes have been fought.

THESE men were_not

openly fired. They would be moved from a position where they could influence their fellow-workers to another in some remote part of the plant. Then, after one of the lay-offs which come frequently in the automobile industry, a suspect worker would not be. rehired, Since there is no seniority he is without claim on his job. He would not be told he Some subsidise guards for Some of these have been bona was not going to be hired. He plants who in time of trouble fide labour organisations and would come back day after day

THE ONLY WAY

INDUSTRIAL unionism appear as symbols of law and have bargained collectively and until in the end he realised that

in the mass-produc- order, but, in fact, are simply effectively to the workers' bene- he stood no chance.

There were also many open tion industries is greeted as the armed soldiers fighting against ft. The preservation of world

twentieth

Many, however, were century way for unarmed strikers.

mere discharges, but they were never pence figures largely in the Labour obtain economic

They have laid in supplies of shams.

giyen out as punishment for The company would have em- union activity. utterances of most world states-strength. And twentieth cen- machine-guns, tear gas, barbed men these days. Speaking for tury strategy is being followed were, so as to be in a position to ployees picnics or install minor beat off any attack on their amenities in their plants, but

Plausible pretexts were always in prosecuting the strike. Britain carly in the year, Mr.

property.

frowned if the company unions given, but the machinery for Anthony Eden asked: "Can we,

They have employed strike wanted to discuss wage con- investigating dismissals worked head tucked in 1937, make progress with

breakers from national agencies tracts or shorter hours. European peace?"

in many cases acknowledged He added:

thugs-who were ordered to "I should be the last to belittle

incite violence to create a pre- text to turn their weapons loose

B-8434 Frca and Easy

Gipsy Wine B-0114 We were Dancing

night 8.30) Parisian Pierrol C-2010. Rhapsody in Blue

(Gershwin

C-2074 Love Tales-Selection C-2707 The Lion and Albert

With her

(To-

to

It began by sitdowns in plants manufacturing bodies for autó. mobiles. Sitdowns were first used in American strikes in the rubber industry last year, usual C--2729 The English Ruse (Merrie the difficulties, but none the less ly for brief protests against

underneath her arm. C-2727 The Leek-Selection

England)

For Love Alone C-2764 Soloist Delight

March Heroique de Szabady

(Colorataro-Soprano) C-2770 Shadow Song (Dinorah)

Doll's Song-Tales of Hof-

RAMON NOVARRO (Tenor)

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The theme of class war has

sin:

the

unions,

alowly and few escaped the penalty for daring to talk unionism on automobile plant

THE plant executives floors.

told the workers' When the strike finally comes I am not without hope, for no local working conditions. They on the strikers.

unions that they would not be it is fought out on the picket- achievement is impossible to are now used to start the tle-up These statements, while they bossed by the unions and that line. statesmanship if it has faith to of a gigantic_corporation em do not picture the universal they had the right to work

This is, of course, against the act and courage to persevere." ploying 211,000 men.

condition of American industry, without consulting any union A few days ago, Herr Hitler, in But it remains to be seen

are all substantiated by wit official. They were free Ameri- theory of strikers. They ought to be a mere test botween the. LIGHT SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA C-2760 Mann'in Veen (Dear Isle of his Reichstag speech, declared: whether it will be a strike with- nesses heard before the Senate cans.

Committee investigating

forgo "Peace is our dearest treasure."out-violence. If it is, it will be observance of civil liberties in Industries

In most large unorganised employers' ability to

business and the employees' the the first great industrial con industrial disputes, headed by use an elaborate spy system to ability to forgo food. Utterances of other statesmen: fict for many years without Senator La Folette, of Wiscon- hunt out men agitating for managements

mostly pleading the cause

But in America many em- of serious bloodshed. concord, could be quoted almost

ployers simply go to one of the This was the way some em. Robert Pinkerton, head of a numerous strike breaking without end. Of the difficulties, none is more apparent than that ever taken a deep hold in the ployers prepared for war when famous national agency, told agencies and import shipments

United States, even in Labour they believed it to be imminent. the La Follette Committee that of so-called workers. suggested by the fading into circles. Yet in no land can an In times of peace they used he collected £200,00 in 1935 Pickots will try to dissuade the background of the policy of ordinary labour dispute turn so subtler methods. First they from large corporations and was them from entering the factory. collective security, which suffer- quickly into open war, using the organised company unions, par- taking revenue at the same In many cases pickets will use

the years since rate in 1936. General Motors abuse and even violence ed a severe set-back owing to weapons of International war- ticularly in

became President. paid his agency £33,000 in 1935 keep scabs from entering the the lack of courageous states-fare and being fought in war Roosevelt

psychology. Tear-gas, machine- For the N.R.A. established the for 'plant protection." manship in dealing with Japan's guns, bombs, and, above all, right to collective bargaining

plant. That is when factory Ford is known to maintain a aggression against China and spies are all part of the para- and foreshadowed the nation- highly-efficient spy system and guards or local police or, in some cases, the militia, enter Italy's adventure in Ethiopia. phernalia of many American wide organisation of labour. is reputed to be even

more the scene. Astute The outcome has been substitu- strikes.

company executives ruthless than General Motors tion of reliance on competitive |

tried to forestall this by or at weeding out men interested

Witnesses told the La Folette They have been fought with ganising their own unions. in union activities.

Committee that, as strike- armaments. No-one who takes nearly every weapon save heavy

breakers, they were both armed an intelligent interest in inter-artillery and aeroplanes. One

and instructed to stir up trouble national affairs can be under explanation of this acute bel-

on the picket-line. any illusion regarding the tragic of the great industrialists to ligerency is the innate hostility effect of failure to stand loyally unions, by the League of Nations ideal. Arrogance has been encouraged | by the knowledge that aggres- sion will not be met by effective collective action.

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AMERICAN industry

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There IS a Secret of Success

But in spite time when cheap labour rushed By Dr. G. A. PFISTER

of all that has happened in the in from Europe by hundreds of past few years to make the road thousands a year and when

start.

On

An Expert Psychologist

cases that success is solely or principally due to luck. The chief

ما

to

ONE witness told of

being ordered to play boiling steam with a hose on

pickets in the New Orleans their mental make-up. And by no strike, which he did. means all thus affected are aware

of it. They might be likened to a Such details are not char- motorist driving uphill without the acteristic of all American labour knowledge that his brakes are half

disputes.

on. No wonder others pass them on the road.

1

THE all-important

Indeed many employers have come to recognise the stabilis- point,ing influence of unions and however, is that, with few have accepted the closed shop.

But this still cannot be called How? It is simple. And it con- the national attitude. People

negative

such

eliminating

to peace more difficult, it is still American workers, if they did not too late to make fresh not like the conditions of em-

Statesmen everywhere ployment, could go West and IT is only in rare and exceptional

find independence. declare that peace is their objective. All that is lacking is To-day with the frontier factor which contributes to the exceptions, they could so easily re-

medy the defect. the willingness to roalise that closed and the limitation of exceptional achievements of great

the immigration, many great em- men is almost invariably to be sists merely of assuming a strictly peace must be based observance of agreements free-ployers go on in the old tradi- found in their mental attitude to positive attitude to life and its pro- still cling to the ideas of pre-

tion. They have put off the circumstances surrounding them.

allceding generations, and forty ly negotiated, and that a collec-fateful day when they would

life's problems and to the changing blems, caly

years ago few Americans know An iron

will, the refusal tive peace system cannot

behave to acknowledge another accept defeat, and the capability of possible of the "I can't," "I anything about collective bar-

"It will never come true," achieved by an arms race. It fera in, industrial relations. drawing a a lesson from

every set-

luck for me" type must gaining or followed the de- back and converting it thus into a never be allowed to form in our velopment of trade unionism is surely a tragic paradox that

stepping-sione to progress-these minds. They are polson.

jin Britain. the nations are arming against vices must suffer, national pros- standing in all their careers, and in kind must be exterminated too, for crystallise sentiment for collec-

are qualities which we. And out- Even thoughts including doubl, of

the "Perhaps," "T try" "Maybe" The New Deal has begun to one another while every Govern-

perity be jeopardised and the themselves.

using them they are ruthless-to ment is professing that its sole standard of life become affected

they suggest defest.

The antidote, the right attitude, tive bargaining but big em- aim is to preserve peace. Sooner if_so_large-a-proportion of conquered their own selves, they la a clear, cheerful "I will," "I shall," players, notably the mass pro or later, the vicious circle must national revenue is to be utilised to triumph over all other be broken. It can be broken by in non-productive expenditure of obstacles.

try and con- They offer collective-bar- PUT what of the rest, the latently, no matter how dimcult it gaining, but what they mean le of nations giving a bold lead possible for the nations to agree having reached the stage when they it at first we doubt in thought to company unionism.

Immense majority who, may be at the beginning, and even back to the League idends. on an armaments reduction cam enough to satisfy their wants, be cast out at once) the efficacy of And if the automobile strike, Meantime the piling up of arms scheme, to be linked up with the tion while they could do better?

are content to remain in that post this remedy, we shall soon dis-as the first of a series of strikes The pro-universal acceptance of inter-

cover what an enormous difference destined to invade these indus What of cess cannot go on indefinitely national machinery for the give u those who, having failed, it will make in our happiness, Intries, is fought without violence without bankruptcy resulting to Bettioment of all disputes. Only ing in their hearising feel even in our fact, travel through Fare only waiting for a pretext-to:

up and

the struggle in despair or our efficiency, In our success and continue it with the

physical health.

It will be because the employera some of the nations engaged in by such moans can the present attempts are bound to fall?

that all their Let us all the race. Moreover, as was re troubled state of Europe and the veal that by far the greater majority The remedy exists and its applica-

life without the brakes of our own reverse their policies.) cently pointed out, social nor world be finally composed.

psychological analysis will re-doubts and fears holding us back.

are handicapped by some defect in ten is easy.

war, or by one nation or a group this kind. It should surely be

continues unabated.

They are conquerors and, having

*

**

mediate translation of this thought intransigeant.

"-can," and the determined, im- duction Industries, are still

into action.

Of this there is still not an Inkling.