1937-02-08 — Page 18

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1937.

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HISTORIC STRIKE

By

NEW TYRES Raymond

Gram Swing

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The

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O far the General Motors strike has developed without disorder, and the Labour leaders have given Governor Frank Murphy, of Michi gan, the pledge that there will be no violence.

This is a new kind of strike sponsored by new leadership and new doc. trine.

It is being conducted by the Committee for Industrial Or ganisation headed by John Stubbs Road Lewis, by the United Mine-

workers, and nine industrial unions which were suspended from the American Federation of Labour because of their determination to establish in- dustrial unions in steel, auto-

other industries.

Hongkong Telegraph.mobile, rubber, aluminium and

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1937.

THE ONLY WAY

**

INDUSTRIAL unionism in the mass-produc tion industries is greeted as the The preservation of world

twentieth century way for pence figures largely in the Labour to obtain economic utterances of most world states.strength. And twentieth een- men these days. Speaking for tury strategy is being followed

in prosecuting the strike. Britain early in the year, Mr. Anthony Eden asked: "Can we, in 1937, make progress with European peace?" He added:

It began by sitdowns in plants manufacturing bodies for auto- mobiles. Sitdowns were first used in American strikes in the "I should be the last to belittle rubber industry last year, usual the difficulties, but none the lessly for brief protests against

Tear-gas, machine-guns, bombs

American Labour is fighting to-day for the right of collective bargaining. That's why the great General Motors Corpora- tion dispute is important news. New York Correspondent Raymond Gram Swing here explains the issues at stake, tells how fiercely previous US strikes- have been fought.'

མ

THESE men were not

openly, fired, They would be moved from a position where they could influence their fellow-workers to another in some remote part of the plant. Then, after one of the lay-offs which come frequently in the automobile industry, a suspect worker would not be rehired. Since there is no seniority he is without claim

on his job. He would not be told he Some subsidise guards for Some of these have been bona was not going to be hired. He plants who in time of trouble fide labour organisations and would come back day after day appear as symbols of law and have bargained collectively and until in the end he realised that order, but, in fact, are simply effectively to the workers bene- he stood no chance. armed soldiers fighting against fit.

There were also many open unarmed strikers,

Many, however, were mere discharges, but they were never They have laid in supplies of shams.

given out as punishment for The company would have em- union activity. machine-guns, tear gas, barbed were, so as to be in a position to ployees picnics or install minor beat off any attack on their amenities in their plants, but property.

frowned if the company unions They have employed strike wanted to discuss wage con. breakers from national agencies tracts or shorter hours.

in many cases acknowledged thugs-who were ordered to- incite violence to create a pre- text to turn their weapons loose

sin.

Plausible pretexts were always given, but the machinery for investigating dismissals worked slowly and few escaped the talk penalty for daring to unionism on automobile plant

THE plant executives floors.

told the warkers" When the strike finally comes I am not without hope, for no local working conditions. They on the strikers.

unions that they would not be it is fought out on the picket- achievement is impossible to jure now used to start the tie-up

These statements, while they bossed by the unions and that line. statesmanship if it has faith to of a gigantic corporation em- do not picture the universal they had the right to work

condition of American industry, without consulting any union This is, of course, against the. act and courage to persevere."ploying 211,000 men, A few days ago, Herr Hitler, in

are all substantiated by wit official. They were free Ameri. theory of strikers. They ought But it remains to be seen

to be a mere test between the LIGHT SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA C-2759 Mannin Veen (Dear Isle of his Reichstag speech, declared: whether it will be a strike with- nesses heard before the Senate cans.

Committee Investigating

forgo the. "Peace is our dearest treasure."out violence. If it is, it will be observance of civil liberties in industries

In most large unorganised employers' ability to Utterances of other statesmen, fict for many years without Senator La Folette, of Wiscon- hunt out men agitating for the first great industrial con industrial disputes, headed by use an elaborate spy system to

the managements business and the employees'

ability to forgo food. mostly ploading the cause of serious bloodshed.

But in Americà many em- concord, could be quoted almost

unions.

ployers simply go to one of the The theme of class war has. without end. Of the difficulties,

This was the way some em- Robert Pinkerton, hend of a numerous

strike breaking never taken a deep hold in the players prepared for war when famous national agency, told agencies and import shipments none is more apparent than that United States, even in Labour they believed it to be imminent. the La Follette Committee that of so-called workers. suggested by the fading into circles. Yet in no land can an In times of peace they used he collected £200,00 in 1935. the background of the policy of ordinary labour dispute turn so subtler methods. First they arge commorations and was, them from entering the factory. Pickets will try to dissuade collective security, which suffer-quickly into open war, using the organised company unions, par- taking revenue at the same In many cases pickets will use ed a severe set-back owing to weapons of international war- ticularly in the years since rate in 1936. General Motors abuse and even violence to fare and being fought in war Roosevelt became President. paid his agency £33,000 in 1935 keep scabs from entering the the lack of courageous states-psychology. Tear-gas, machine. For the N.R.A. established the for plant protection." manship in dealing with Japan's guns, bombs, and, above all, right to collective bargaining Ford is known to maintain a guarda or local. police or, in plant. That la when factory aggression against China and spies are all part of the para- and foreshadowed the nation highly efficient spy system and some cases, the militin, enter Italy's adventure in Ethiopia.phernalia of many American wide organisation of labour, is reputed to be even The outcome has been substitu- strikes.

Astute company executives ruthless than General Motors tion of reliance on competitive

tried to forestall this by or- at weeding out men interested They have been fought with ganising their own unions, in union activities. armaments. No-one who takes nearly every weapon save heavy an intelligent interest in inter-artillery and aeroplanes. One national affairs can be under explanation of this acute bel- any illusion regarding the tragic ligerency is the innate hostility effect of failure to stand loyally unions.

of the great industrialists to

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by the League of Nations ideal. Arrogance has been encouraged by the knowledge that aggres- sion will not be met by effective collective action.

ΑΝ MERICAN industry

grew, great at the

But in spite time when cheap labour rushed

There IS a Secret

of

Success

An Expert Paychologist

of all that has happened in the in from Europe by hundreds of By Dr. G. A. PFISTER past few years to make the road thousands a year and when to peace more difficult, it is still American workers, if they did

a fresh not like the conditions of em-IT not too late to make start. Statesmen everywhere ployment, could go West and

find independence. declare that peace is their objective. All that is lacking is

peace must be based on

is surely a tragic' paradox that

one another while every Govern-

To-day, with the frontier

is only in rare and exceptional

cases that success is solely or principally due to luck. The chief factor which contributes to the exceptional achievements of great

Wo

more the scene.

Witnesses told the La Folette Committee thut 48 strike- breakers, they were both armed and instructed to stir up trouble on the picket-line.

ONE witness told of being ordered to play boiling steam with a hose on

pickets in the New Orleans

their mental make-up. And by no strike, which he did... means all thus affected are awore

of it. They might be likened to a Such details are not char- motorist driving uphill without the ncteristic of all American labour knowledge that his brukes are half

on.

No wonder others pass them disputes.

on the road.

1

Indeed many employers have

come to recognise the stabilis- THE all-important point,ing influence of unions and

however, is that, with few exceptions, they could so easily re- have accepted the closed shop. medy the defect. the willingness to realise that closed and the limitation of men is almost invariably to be sists merely of assuming a strictly the national attitudo. People But this still cannot be called How? It is simple. And it con- the Immigration, many great em-Found in their mental attitude to positive attitude to life and its pro still cling to the ideas of pre- observance of agreements free-tion. They have put off the circumstances surrounding them.

ployers go on in the old tradi-life's problems and to the changing blems, ruthlessly eliminating all ceding generations, and forty. ly negotiated, and that a collec- fateful day when they would

negative thoughli. An iron will, the refusal to Thoughts of the "1 can't," "Im. years ago few Americans knew. tive peace system cannot be have to acknowledge another accept defeat, and the capability of possible "It will never come true, anything about collective bars achieved by an arms race. It era in industrial relations,

drawing a lesson from every set "No such luck for me" type must gaining or. followed the de back and converting it thus Into ́al never be allowed to form in our velopment of trade unionion stepping-stone to progress these minds. They are poison.

in Britain. are qualities which

And out- the nations are arming against vices must suffer, national pros-standing in all their careers, and in the "Perhaps," "I'll try." "Maybe" Even thoughts including doubt, of

The New Deal has begun to using them they are ruthless-to kind must be exterminated too, for crystallise sentiment for collec ment is professing that its sole Perity be jeopardised, and the themselves.

they suggest defeat.

tive bargaining but big em- antidote, They are conquerors and, having!.. aim is to preserve peace. Sooner if so large a proportion of conquered their own selves, theyear, cheerful "I will," "I shall" ployers, notably the mass pro-

right attitude or later, the vicious circle must national revenue is to be utilised proceed to triumph over all other mediate translation of this thought intransigeant.

can and the determined. Im- duction Industries, are into action, war, or by one nation or a group this kind. It should surely be

we try

this seriously and con

They offer collective of nations giving a bold lead possible for the nations to agree having reached the stage when they if at first we doubt (a thought to

BUT what of the rest, the sistently, no matter how difficult it gaining, but what they mean is

Immense majority who, may be at the beginning, and even company unioniem. back to the League ideals. оп an armaments reduction earn enough to satisfy their wants, be cast out at once), the eflency of And if the automobile strike, Meantime the piling up of arms scheme, to be linked up with the aro content to remain in that post- this remedy, we shall soon dis- as the first of a series of strikes continues unabated The pro- universal acceptance of Inter

tion while they could do better?. cover what an enormous difference destined to Invade these indus-

What of those who, having ccas cannot go on indefinitelyntional machinery for the give up the struggle in despair or our efficiency, in our success

led, I will make in our happiness, in falled, without bankruptcy resulting to settlement of all disputes. Only ine in their hearts that all their

tries, is fought without violence continue It with the crushing feel even in our physical health.

It will be because the employers some of the nations engaged in by such móans can the present/ attempts dre bound to full?

Let us all, in fact, travel through are only waiting for a pretext to the race. Moreover, as was re- troubled state of Europe and the voal that by far the greater majority The remedy exists and ita applica-

life without the brakes of our own reverse their policies.... cently pointed out, social ser-world be finally composed,

A paychological analysis will re- doubts and fears holding us back. Of this there is still not an are handicapped by some defect in tion is easy.

Inkling.

standard of life become affected

be broken. It can be broken by in non-productive expenditure of obstacles.

The

is a

I

the

and

still

bar-