1936-12-17 — Page 18

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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPHI, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1936,

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THE RELIANCE WE PLACE IN THE QUALITY OF OUR PIANOS' IS INDICATED BY THE FACT THAT EVERY INSTRUMENT WE MANUFACTURE BEARS OUR OWN

NAME.

THE FIRST "MOUTRIÈ” PIANO WAS MANUFACTURED. OVER SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO: THE "MOUTRIE" OF TO-DAY COMBINES EVERY MODERN IMPROVE-

MENT. IN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION, PLUS THE BENEFIT OF OUR EXTENSIVE EXPERIENCE OF LOCAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.

A "MOUTRIE" IS YOUR SAFEST INVESTMENT, THEY ARE SOLD ON THE EASIEST OF TERMS, AND ARE

BUILT TO GIVE A LIFETIME OF SERVICE.

May we quote you?

ALL.

LUTON

of the

now

1937

Vauxhalls

If you are going home on leave, this will interest you.

You can arrangd now to stop ashoro at home and drive away in a now Vauxhall,

We assist you in this connection without any trouble or complica- delivered tion to yourself ..

to you at home and subsequently in Hongkong.

Catalogue & Full Particulars from

The next ten days are the shortest in the year. There are few people whose eyes do not suffer for need of enough artificial light- though we may not know it

O

NE-THIRD of the people of Hongkong have taken to wearing glasses within the last hundred years.

The people of Hongkong have taken to working -sewing, reading, carpentering, writing-by artificial light within the last hundred years.

Cause and effect? Probably.

It is within the last century that artificial light has so greatly improved; first with gas, now by gas and electricity, that people can work after dark.

But the eye, which can adjust itself within a moment from focusing at the distance of a mile to focusing at half an inch, which took a thousand centuries to evolve into its present form- the eye can scarcely be expected to adjust itself to a radical

Hongkong Hotel change of usage within a mere hundred years.

Stubbs Rd.

Garage

The

Phone 27778/9,

Thongkong Telegraph.

THURSDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1936

ARMAMENTS OR TRADE?

*

THE problem of artificial light involves a number of

factors only now beginning to be understood.

The eye is more sensitive to artificial light than to daylight. That is because artificial light is almost always yellow rather than the blend of all colours of the rainbow which we term "white," and the yellow portion of the spectrum is absorbed more easily by the eye than any other.

Consequently a comparatively small quantity of artificial light will enable the eye to do as much work as a larger quantity of daylight.

This is just as well. The sun at noon sheds 10,000 "fool- candles", of light upon the earth. Your desk, if it is well lighted by artificial light, probably has only twenty foot-candles of light on it,

A foot-candle, the scientific unit of mea- surement for illumina- tion, is the amount of light shed by a stand- ard candle upon an object held one foot away from the candle flame,

Does he get

If the world persists in re- armament, it will persist in its own impoverishment, said Mr. Anthony Eden in his speech on foreign affaira a few days ago.

CONSIDER But the matter does not end

the range of.

£]+ there. Not only is money foot-candles you

counter in daylight wasted in unproductive chan-within the course of rivalry a week to which your nels, but

aye has constantly to must endanger world peace. be adjusting itself. Thus there is much point in Mr. Ten thousand in the Eden's plea that the nations of sun; one thousand in the shade; five hun- the world should turn fromdred in the porch of a house; two hundred a few feet inside armaments competition and

armament

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a room.

A

enough light

to see by?

given a sheet of ordinary news- print of the type you are read-. ing now, and asked to set the light to suit themselves.

The great majority, plumped for. 126 foot-candles. That is about ten times what they nor- mally-receive. A fow-wanted as. much as 150 foot-candles; a few wanted as little as 20.

one.

The light over your dining-room table

30 are

If you

average mati you have two 40-watt lamps in your dining-room.

If your table is four feet be- low, the maximum¬llumination: immediately below is six "foot- candles.

In an armchair a few feet away It will be as little as one dnd a half "foot-candles."

It should be at least six in any

part of the 'room,

The question of industrial lighting is engrossing the ex- perts. It is a fact that if a light flickers at the same rate as a piece of machinery is moving, the moving machinery looks as if it were still.

This is called a "stropós- cople" effect. Such a flaw in the lighting might mean the loss of a man's hand.

LIGHT, like most things, comes down to a brute question of pounds, shillings and pence. It is impossible for the huge majority of us to equip our desks with 125 foot-candles. But we can do the best we cauf with the money we have.

First, we can have shaded lights, even if the shades are plain white. But they must cover the naked light. Second, they should direct the light, or some of it, to the ceiling.

Third, we should have both a centre light and a local light in the sitting-room. The local light should be set in a corner at a height to give its best effect.

But artificial light! A surgeon co-operation, Were a serious operating in a theatre brilliant- effort made-in-this-direction, ly lit may work under 500 foot- candles. A draughtsman, using many of the major problems of rules with minute figures and the world would, without ques-ruling lines that must be ac- curate to the fraction of an

The test is not an absolute tion, disappear, not excluding inch, works quite comfortably

A man might well like a some of the grievances. under under fifteen foot-candles.

brilliant light for a short time man in his home, reading and find it trying for a long which certain nations al present pamphlet critically, uses a lamp period; but it is an unmistak suffer. Mr. Eden was able to giving on his book perhaps ten able indication that the present

Fourth, if we have special foot-candles. A woman, sewing

usage is far too low for natural

work to do-and sewing ranks as show that Britain had provided with black thread on

binck

requirements."

special work if lighting is under the recently- material, gives up the best place an example in

consideration-we should be sure under the light to the boy doing Other tests made both in

we have enough light for the concluded three-power mone- his homework, and strains her Britain and America show that

task in question. This is dis the amount of light available

covered by an instrument called tary agreement, and he assured eyes under five foot-candles.

a direct relation to the foreign statesmen that she is Twenty-five years ago people amount of work turned out. The question of glare is far- a photometer. It consists of a prepared to follow this up by were doing the same work under Within certain limits, the more reaching. A. W. Beutell, one of cell sensitive to light, and marks one-tenth of the present the light the more the work. the most eminent of illuminating up in foot-candles on a dial the helping to create internationa! | illumination—and doing it, ap Also within certain limits, the engineers, considers that in the exact amount of light falling on

parently, without complaint.

hag

the more the light the less

A "foot-candic is the light thrown by a standard candle one car fool away. An ordinary headlamp has an illumination thirty feet away of about twenty foot-candles. A lighted match a foot away gives a quarter of a foot-candle.

Half a foot-candle was con- fatigue. It has been calculated interests of eyesight highly

conditions in which all nations will have greater economic op-sidered enough to read by! portunities. But Britain's help

in this direction is conditioned

it.

Fifth, when installing new

that if there is only a 20. per glazed paper-which acts ng u

46 mirror is a poor surface for light, we should consult an ex- cent. efficiency of light, units of energy

are wasted; print. Reading matter should, pert both as to the placing of our bulbs we use. There is a definite FIGHT thousand people efficient, only

when lighting is 100 per cent. he considers, always be printed lights and the strength of the

ten units of on a dull surface..

formula between the watts we a determined effort being

have recently been

energy are wasted.

Another practice all experts use, the amps we burn, and the made to reach an armaments subjected to lighting tests at

Home. They were given * A man reading in a light of are unanimous in condemning is foot-candles we got. There is agreement. In view of past graduated series of lamps with one foot-candle is four times as that of lighting a desk brilliantly another formula between the failure to get a world accord on a range of between zero and mentally and physically tense and leaving the rest of the room distance a given light is from disarmament, the question im- 326 foot-candles. They were after an hour as a man reading in darkness. The strain of ad- the thing we wish to see and the mediately arises as to the pros- pects of success in any new Conceivably, in view of the promise of a world-

economic understanding, of States to denounce treaties

effort made.

wide

nations which are now arming to the teeth might see the folly

limit to unilaterat denunciation. One of the chief sources of trouble in international affairs latterly-has been the tendency

by a hundred foot-candles.

young ones,

**

Care

justing the eye from distant amount of foot-candles of light It has also been found that darkness to immediate light and we get on it.

All these points. we can look old people need more light than back again is too great.

The pupil of the A third question is the one of after, without expense, and with

benefit. Such eye gets smaller with age, and lighting staircases and corri enormous consequently needs a more in- dors. People come out of a may save you from buying a tense-light to do the same work reasonably lit room and go down new and stronger pair of glasses; that a younger person, with a staircase with very little or no it may save your wife from a series of headaches; it may save when it suita their purpose so pupil absorbing

more light; light. to do. Sceptics therefore may could do easily with less.

your child from having to wear Six hundred people died from glasses at all. well argue that an arme under-

falling on staircases last year, standing reached to day might

apart from non-fatal injuries. be repudiated to-morrow, under changed conditions. It is this contingency which cannot be overlooked. And unless some

THERE are other things to be considered be- sides the mere quantity of light. There is the question of glare.

of wasting their substance in rivalry of this kind, even to the point of agreeing on certain fixed armament limits. But then there comes into view the precise value which could bol attached to any such ngrce-

Gas experts and electricity ment. Mr. Eden has laid it method can be devised for as experts are alike emphatic that suring respect for a nation's such a thing as a naked light, down as essential that there

pledged word, there seems little no matter how brilliant, is at must be a willingness to observe

wicked thing. to hope from any now arms It is better to have ten foot treaties entered into, and he formula which may be devised candles coming from a properly adds point to his remarks by as a condition precedent to shaded bulb than 100 foot saying that there must be a world economic readjustment. candles that give glare. *.

Light, the best light in the highest quantities, will never remedy genuinely defective eye- sight, but it will help not to spoil STAIRS need at least naturally good eyesight. It will three or four foot also arrest deterioration. In candles. Bedrooms need at least eyesight already weak.. eight foot-candles with local

So our cry should be that of lighting for you to shave by or Goethe, whose inst words on his your wife to powder her nose by: deathbed were: "Light, more Your kitchen should have eight foot-candles with a local light

light."

if ironing is to be done the Guy Ramsey strain of seeing a blemish on a light surface is considerable.