THE HONGKONG) TELEGRAPH, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1936.
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The
Hongkong Telegraph.
TUESDAY, OCT. 27, 1936.
PRESERVATION OF BRITISH IDEALS
SIR F. GOWLAND HOP- KINS (English), pioneer of the Soleme of Nutri- tion.
C
Horo aro tiva scientists who have contributed to the wisdom of all nations
DR. FRIEDRICH BER- GIUS (German), whose researches led to the pro- duction oft from coal.
HE time has come to have a Science League of Nn- Wons. Indeed, It is over- due. A few years ago, onc might have urged it as an altru- istic mensure to help humanity. To-day the scientists must have a world organisation in self de- fence.
Make
mistake about it- Selence, the intellectual demo- eracy, is in an great danger as soçtai democracy,
מת
And the releniets know it. Dur- ing the last few works 1 have taken part in private discurcions with eminent international clen- tists on this question of world
They organisation,
take the gravest possible view of the zilun- tion.
They nee scientists being regi mented in the name of "National- ism" they are being turned into the well-drilled soldiers of totall- Larian states.
★ ✰
Mussolini hus made Itallai scientists take an oath of loyalty so that any discovery, which might help the rest of the world, becomes 1111 official secret and its dis- closure high treason. Hitler has Nordle Eclence" and created a has Nazified discovery.
"Nationalism Is the contradic- ilon of Science." des!ared Profes- sor Conklin, President of the American Assoziation, discussing the International project with me. Science means, eszentially, the iscovery of knowledge for the benefit of humanity in general. It depends, entirely, on freedom of experiment, freedom of expres- sion, and freedom of exchange of Destroy that Ideas and results.
"
and it is the end of Science."
"You know. professor," said a tentist friend of mine to one of the most eminent German scien- tists recently. "I refuse to recept any selcntific arinouncement from Gerniany nowadays. I do not be- Heve your sciente journals."
Neither do We,"
sald the- German bluntly.
What a travesty! Even in international confer-
-To-day's Thought
Ever hcard of national chemistıp?
----WHISTLER.
MME. CURIE JOLIOT (French), who discovered artificial radium and a mein type of X-ray.
DR. WILLIAM MURPHY (American), a front-rank fighter against pernicious seria.
PROFESSOR EINSTEIN (German), in spite of hi gifts to the world, exilel by the Nazis.
DICTATORS
Hands Off
SCIENCE!
ences, the German representatives Are Nazi Brat and selentists after- wards. When Government delega- tions are sent to seirutific con- grazes at which only accredited delegates are entitled to vote, the Government discovers German how many representatives uther Governments are sending.
They then appoint their nomi- nees-purging the lists of any free thinkers "and send a dele- ration big enough to outvote the others. And before they leave they receive instructions as to what to say and how to act from a special department of Goebbels' Ministry.
But Fascist tendencies are not confined to Fascist states. British and American scientists are un- cosy. They see attempts even in the two great democracies, to gag and bind science.
* *
In American State universities, scientific vicWo Dr discoveries which somebody thinks are "kub- versive
lave led to dismissala And, don't let's fool ourselves, it can happen here too, where re- search depends B largely on
led subsidies,
Something. however, has happened which has given scien- 1st fresh courage. The British Association, after four years' pres- sure, both from within and will- It has out, has taken its stand. turned the attention of Science to social problems,
Belence came fronouncements of social affairs which were like smashing windows and letting. cold draughts of renity into the close-clolstered, selence-fugged laboratories in which, in the past, scientists secluded themselves like hermits.
Four years ago some of us, both inside and outside Science, argued that Science, through the B.A., should apply itself to social prob- lems. We were told it was "not the scientist's job." Now they have discovered that it is. And they have "got down to it.**
At the same time, we argued
be that there must
♫ Science Longue of Nations. We were told that Science, with its articles of. world faith, needed no organis:- tlon.
That is altered now. Support is being eagerly canvassed by the leading scientists themselves fo an International Association for the Advancement of Selence,
* *
It
some
There exists, vaguely, an Inter- national Academy of Salences. is, true to me, academic." Before the war it had It has realised
influence, but it "outlawed" Ger- that Belence may help to create
man scientists during the war and social problems, social influences
The object crippled its purpose. can also make their impact felt upon Science.
Tho-American. German_and_ other visiting scientists were tre- mendously impressed by the out- spokenness of the British scien- tista. From every
branch of
nt the new association would be not to turn scientists out but to
ring scientists 7
The proposed International Association could not do better than to adopt as the basis of its
Science, The Destroyer
IINA'S War Lords, it is to be
feared, have been given a new By "AN OLD STAGER" such frantle haste by those very
constitution, the spirit of the Bri- tish Association charter;
To give a stronger impulse and more systematie direction to zelen- Life Inquiry; to promote intercourse of those who culttynte Belence in different parts of the Empire, with one another and with foreign patio- sophers to obtain more general attention to the objects of Setener and the removal of any disadvan- tages of a public kind which impede ila progress"
That last part, so long obscured by scientifle cobwebs and the dry dust of the inboratories, is the key to the new outlook of Selenice, 1 does not mean just "bringing the Man-in-the-Muon down to th Mun-in-the-Street." Just giving popular or semi-popular lectures: it means bringing sclentine pro- gress into line with social affairs.
**
The international association. therefore, would be concerned, not with sectional discussións, but with allgning Science with world prob- Jenis. And, so important to-day, safeguarding the interests scientists as individuals, and of Science as a democratie Institu tion.
01-
It would have a non-exclusive constitution. Anyone who would subscribe to its constitution, to the basic principles of Sefence, and its code of international freedom. should be admitted.
Let me give one ready-made example of the type of work it would promote and advance. There is in existence an excellent League of Nations Technical Committee on Nutrition. It is carrying out world-wide survey of the food which 1K needed by people throughout the world in order to maintain health, and corapuring
with, the food avaliable and contrasting it with the food which. owing to economic conditions, is consumed.
* *
The nutrition scientists can measure the requirements and the agricultural scientists can measure the resources, and the economists can show the shortcomings.
That committee may be the
With the almost daily clash of divergent political ideas creating ill-feeling in Europe, a for very pertinent question Britons is whether the reason- able measure of freedom won by centuries of effort is to be permitted to slip into disrepute. or whether it shall become the corner-stone of British national life. A well-known educationist has been giving this matter the considered attention by process of examining certain pror inent national character isties of the British people. Going back over history, he has found-evidence of the individual- ism of the race, the intensely practical nature of the people, and their genuine aversion from heing dragooned or submerged by some great idea. A point Jurises, of course, whether it is possible to re-mould national character. At first glance, this might seem almost impossible, but since the Great War there have been outstanding examples
aircraft that are being produced with in Europe of mass suggestion
Powers who prate to her of Western being used in a manner which
culture and humanitarianism.
Some evil genius in mankind seems would have been unthinkable in
But those who hold up their hands to tum every one of his inventions to earlier years. Another point
of bloodshed. With the in horror at the enormities of China's purposes which has been raised is
war lords would do well to reflect first clumsy visions of flight through foundation of a new world econo- whether, if we had lost the war,
upon their own position before vol- the air came the thought of the splen-mic order based upon the free dis-
did cine condemnation.
means afforded by a flying-tribution of the primary necessity
of life-food. we should have adopted a form
for machine
down destruc- raining
Professor Conklin, as President of government similar to that of
Llon
upon an enemy.
of the American Association, pro- Germany to-day. The authority
title progress brought to them from In the light of our present know-
wild poses as a start a union between to whom
the West to their own purposes of ledge of seronautics it seems a we have referred
to have the scientists of the English- banditry and bloodshed, it can hardly stretch of imagination hazards the view that out na-
As a nucleus. he said that Europe is making any thought for a moment that a balloon speaking world. tional characteristics are 'such
beller use of the advantages and led inerely with hot air could ever that is, admirable, and since Sir thut we would never willingly
be made to support the heavy weight Josiah Stump. President of the The advantages of the railway for me rs that cience is placing in her bow the knee to dictators, of the rapid transport of armed troops
hand.
of weapons of offence. Yet it is clear British Association, is almost as whatever school of politici!
If Chinese techun and tupans have from contemporary records that some well known in America as he is was immediately seized upon by the
here, he could crown his term of thought they might be. At the rived generals, und in many cases the used railways and river steamboat auch thought must have been enter-
finest locomotives and rolling stock francohet for the puriose of spread- tained by the Montgolfiers and other office, by helping to promote it. same time, it cannot be
of European and American producing laughter and suffering among French pioneers of aeronautics.
* The aeronauts of 159 years ago looked that the allurements of
* tion were nobbled for military pur- the elvit community, Europe's dicta Fascism to some minds and of poses almost immediately upon distorsi and rulers seem to be deter- were boastful of the deeds they would mined to the onions and the do once they succeeded in Hifting
with Mme. Curie-Jollot, Communism to others do illus einbarkation on Chinese soil.
Infamous daughter of famous trate the danger of taking de-
lalest knowledge in chemistry to still themselves from off the earth.
derd, it was the rumours of what the parents, as Under-Secretary for Research in France, moerey for granted. Nothing
doline and morn horribla ends.
Before repronching China's all-Montgolfiers were preparing across that is worth while in national
tant politicians for waging war upon the channel that first uwoke in the French co-operation should be of British people that un-easily obtained. Sweden, Den- life can be perpetuated except
defenseless women and children, can minds wo say with any truth that our pleasant sensation, now. familiar to. by effort. A need therefore
women and children will be more all, of insecurity against aggression mark, Norway, Holland, Belgium
and Russia, and many other From the humanitarian point of arises to harness the idealism
secure from outrage and butchery if from the air, view the offence is the more heinous
Such feara, entertained only by the countries would, I am positive; of youth and to indicate in no
in that the Chinese generals have less war is again let loose in Europe?
more timid and credulous, were ridi- subscribe to the objects and accept uncertain manner to the rising liking for straightforward battle be- AÁN'S EVIL GENIUS
culed, as were also the claims of the scientific ideal. true tween their opposing troops generation the value of a
French inventora.
What is needed immediately is A caricature, pub-
"Magna Charta of Science re- democracy at
Certainly, even though we discount listed in London in 1784, pictures a time when they have for stealing a march unon
as Iving pronagando half the stories Montgolfier blowing soap bubbles affirming the basic principles. liberal ideals are being widely each other by unexpectedly letting their unpaid and starving armies challenged. If that work is
loose upon a rival's territory to of atrocity coming to us from both and declaiming to himself," by Gerstating the democratie, creed, re- fronia in the Spanish conflict, there als be de grond invention. Dis will nouncing the abuse of science and ignored, the time might easily plunder, pillage, and destroy the un- still remains a residue of revolting immortalise my King, my country, invention as destructive forces. [come when the pent-up idealism happy civil community.
brutality, unmatched by the worst and myself. We will declare de war and reconsecrating Scienco to the of youth would be let loose in EUROPE'S BAD EXAMPLE
crimes of China's militarists,
against our enemie; we will make den
and service
advancement other directions. The points
Viewed broadly, and in relation to English quake, by Gar. We will inhumanity and of civilisation. which need constant stressing The new length of railway, running the tenacity with which she holds to spect their camp, we will intercept are that the main consideration
of her ancient civilisa- their Fleet, and we will set fire to underlying representative rule
mountainous and hitherto impassable: tion, in Britain is to make laws which
regions and crossing the whole riunity to adapt herself to rullwava
become air Jare not repugnant to the cili-
length of China's most milliantly in than has Europe to flammable province, Hunon, may well minded. zens, but which are such as to
Heaven knows that she has made bring forth a ready response fresh horrors for her people rather no worse use of them than that con- from the people as a whole, than as an instrument to establish templated by the dinners of the
their industrial prosperity."
latest and most powerful types of
over-
Canton- with in the toy to play Hankow Railway, the new line which forms the final connecting link in railway communications between Catals and Canton.
Hitherto the railway development much encouraged by of Chilno, foreign enterprise and capital, has served less as a means of exploiting
20
the vast industrial resources of the country than it has to enable the militarists to plan and effect bigger, brighter, and bloodier campaigns of civil war.
cause
This is, of course, all most highly reprehensible, and it has been the unavailing of ceaseless but protest on the part of the Powers whose national interests have been disregarded,
than
Though the Chinese have undoubt- rdly prostituted the benefits of scien-
the
us it does through some of the most the cina has had little more oo- their dockyards, and, by Gar, we will
be feared to serve as an Incentive to
tale Gibraltur in de alr-balloon; and when we have conquer de Enniish den we conquer de other countrie, and make them all colonie to de Grand Monarque.”
That artist might have curbed his (Continued on Page 4.) **
But,
of
Ritchie Calder
- To-day's Thought- CUSTOM meets us at the cradle and leaves us only at the tomb.
ROBERT G INGERSOLL,
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