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DEATHS.
J. P. L, KIM died at 5.35 pm at the Freach Hospital, in his 54th, year. The Funeral will pass the Monument At 5.30 p.m. (217 1936. Thursday, August 27th. (Australian Papers please copy.)
WHITE--At 5 Shian Kwong Road, fo-day, August 27th, 1930, Rose Emina White, aged 80, Funeral at Colonial Cemetery Gate at 6 p.. this afternoon.
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THURSDAY, Aug, 27, 1936.
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to consent to. the demand made in the Legislative Council yester- day that the existing censorship of the Chinese press in Hong
Co., Ltd. kong be abrogated. It is some-
CHATER ROAD.
Eyes
Why there is
CIVIL WAR in Spain
CALVO SOTELO
His assassination marked the beginning of the trouble.
HE military rising which has now spread so dis- astrously throughout the whole of Spain had been predicted by Left Wing polit-- clans and newspapers for the inst three months.
The Government, I am assured, knew the fundamental facts of the plot. It appears that the date Axed for the rebellion wan July 25, Bu the assassination
of the Monarchist Fascist leader. Señor Calvo Sotelo, and an incident in Morocco between the workers and the Foreign Legion precipitated. the nilitary outbreak.
The death of Señor Calvo Sotelo followed the assassination of a Heutenant of the Shock Troops-- the Government police-by Fascist sulpers.
Of course, civil war would have broken out in any case, without the killing of Sefior Calyo Satelo, for after the complete triumph of the Popular Front on February 10 the non-Republican Conservatives began to plan to change the new political situation by violence.
They proposed to take by forco of arms what they had been unable to win at the polla. Therefore the Popular Front Government and its supporters were on the alert.
Precautions ☆
The Workers' Militia, unarmed. has kept watch at night in the The Govern- streets of Madrid, ment has taken every precaution, although the military leaders in- volved were not removed from their posts.
Military rebellion was in the air. But the horrific prospect of blood- shed attendant on an armed rising against the Government induced many people to believe that pos sibly the enemies of the regime, who in their hearts are for inw and order, might abandon their plans. Alast events have proved that the Spanish bourgeoisie was ready. for the sake of Its privileges, to let lose on Spain the most tragic catastrophe she has suffered for a hundred yenru.
It must be admitted that public
BY A. RAMOS OLIVEIRA
(Formerly Editor of "El Socialista"}
order was not absolutely secure, und that there had been attacks on individuals-most of them com- mitted by the Fascists.
No sooner had the Popular Front won its victory at the elections than gunmen of the Right Wing the attempted 10 assassinate famous Socialist Inwyer, Sefor They missed Jiménez de Asia. their alm and killed his police escort.
They put a bomb in the house of In wyer, Schor the Republican Ortega y Gassel, and blew up the Schor killed They building. Faraudo, captain of the Shock Police. And finally, after a series of crimes against lesser members of the Popular Front, they killed in the street Señor Castillo, leu- tenant of the Shock Police,
*
Reprisals
So since February Spalt has White Terrar, suffered under a whose victims are too numerous to mention. Certainly members of the Left Wing have taken ro- prieals against the Fascists, using their own methods, as in the case of the killing of Benor. Calvo Sotelo,
But the violence originated with the Conservative classes, who pro-" vided their gunmen with arms and a plentiful supply of money. And now the army has risen, in its own
GENERAL FRANCO
always a Monarchist, retained in the Army, and now the robol loader.
words, "against a regime of d orders and strikes!"
It was not the relative disorder of the last few months which led the group of army plotters to "enye Spain In this peculiar fashion. The principal cause of the counter- revolution has been tho Agrarian Reform; which dates from the Law of 1932, made when the Socialista were in power.
At that time there were made of country several settlements families on the land, and the Gov- ernment took over the catates of the nobility: most of these estates were abandoned and naturally un- cultivated.
But before the Law was properly carried into effect, and was being debated in Parliament together with the Statute of Catalan Liber- tica. General Sanjurjo rose in re- bellion on August 10, 1932. Ife de- clared that the object of his in- surrection was to prevent the approval by Parliament of both these measures; the Statute of Catalonia and the Agrarian Re- form Law..
From 1033 to 1935 the Right Wing was in power. It reduced wages to hunger level, destroyed all that the Government had done in the way of Agrarian Reform, and provoked the Workers'-Repub- lican Revolution of October, 1934.
The chief aim of the Popular Front Government (fundamentally it is a Conservativo intention) has been to implant the Agrarian Re-. form.
So when it came into power in February last it linked up its polley with that which had been broken off when the Right Wing won the elections at the end of 1933, About six hundred settlements were being mado dally.
"
Cultivation
Spain is an agrarian country, The country folk, about 30 per cent. of the whole population, have a deep craving for the land. In some places, notably in the province of Toledo, they had scized their plots of ground before the arrival of the functionaries entrusted with, the distribution.
The taking and buitivating of these abandoned estates. by the country folk roused the indignation of the landowners, who like their allies, the army, saw in this action nothing but anarchy.
The Spanish landowners, who are represented by all the reac tionary groups except the Catalan the Basque League Party" and Nationalists, have used their Press
İF I COULD BEGIN AGAÏN
man we
we
of
set about im-
what late in the day to have to plead the 'cause of the Freedom of the Press in a British posses- sion, but the circumstances pre-į vailing in Hongkong make it necessary. The point of prin- merely to the ordinary process:
of the law if the bounds, are ciple-involved can be disposed of
over-stepped. There was, ad-
environment we would by saying, in the cold language mittedly, cause for control of the
my life would be! The idea is make the same choice again. Now of constitutional law, that the Chinese press during the grave IF I could begin again how different the came
emergency of 1925, but we are vague and umbiguous, for to what we see our motives, we feel that the we our work has become a weary grind. Freedom of the Press implies to-day living in normally peace-stage of development would we re-joy and the pride have left us and that newspapera, no less than in-ful times,
under conditions turn and where in life would
begin? Would we choose that mo-Maybe it is our marriage that seems dividuals, should enjoy full which cannot possibly be dement when first we were launched such a mistake, and the liberty of discussion, subject scribed as "an occasion of emer out into life and start again with a though so perfect bores us, for our
Yet new career? Would the teacher be-ideas of perfection have changed.
We cannot begin again, but gency or public danger."
come a business woman, the secretary
the typist a can make new patterns out of the only to the ordinary law of libel. the regulations brought into a social worker, or
old material. We can bring our
new whys No convincing reason has been force eleven years ago have per- doctor?
The psychologists tell us that at bronder Ideas, our
thought to the problems of life, and advanced why that privilegesisted ever since, resulting, in
effect, as Mr. Lo expressed it, in any given time our personalities are
and fresher way. should not be enjoyed by the the imposition of a permanent the result of all that has happened we can live the old te in a new
to us from the mument of our birth. Chinese press of this Colony. system of censorship on the Our characters are moulded by the
The Quest for Perfection Despite the of- experiences of early years, and our It is argued that Hongkong's Chinese press.
The career that was chosen as the close, proximity to China makes ficial arguments, there is no jus- temperaments are in port the result
tification for the perpetuation of of inheritance and in part are caused result of an unconscious urge can be The big decisions of our lives, the accepted fr the light of conscious
thought. We can it necessary that control should this system in times of tran- by our physical make-up. be exercised over the vernacularquillity such as the present. Its choice of a career or of a marriage proving our technique, we can learn press, principally for political continuance under present con- partner are governed by the emotions new methods of work, we cun begin learnt to widerstand ourselves. Even reasons. But that proximity ditions is intolerable-it is more and ideas that lie buried und fatto understand others because we have We may have chosen to teach be the dull husband may become more has always existed, and in times it is contrary to English concep sotten in the unconscious mind, of far greater political unrest Lions of freedom and displays an cause we loved children, but in some lovable when we remember that he than the present, there was no unwarranted distrust of reput eases there was the need to find an too was looking for perfection that New Interests can be developed as cersorship in force. Moreover, ble journals. So far as irre-outlet for the instinct to power that re could never and in us! the censor's ban is often applied sponsible newspapers are con burnt with fury at the injustice done Elizabeth Arden stresses the care of the to matter which bears no
re-cerned, the existence or bringing to the poor, and so we set out to put we grow older, new tastes are dis- whatever eyes particularly and can advise you how Iation
to political into being of such organs could the world right. Perhaps we were covered that in our carlier days we issues.
In any event, there be discouraged by making the avenging ourselves for the wrongs did not know we possessed. Por- that we suffered in our nursery days, haps we never had the opportunity to study art or music: Now we can to keep the gyes strong, clear & bright.
is already the Colony's bond conditions more
on
learn to appreciate both. There is 4. Changed Standaris law which There is certainly no cause for
su much to know in the world and The Arden, method of resting, cleansing Statute. Book a
The young girl' fell in love with so many hobbles to be cultivated. Gexercising the eyes is the result of long is adequate for the purpose robbing the better class news-
We can never begin again, for we of placing a check on any papers of their freedom, and her ideal man, the man who in some
father: can never repeat the mystery of research & practice.
abuse of the rights of the press. subjecting them to an irksome way resembled her adored VENETIAN
We refer to the law passed in system of censorship, merely to the daughter of an unhappy home, birth or choose the environment in VENETIAN
LOTION 1907 which makes it an offence guard against possible abuse of dominated by a tyrannical male: be- which we would be born. We can- affection. to members of her own Life moves on from birth to death,
It is a dance that never ceases
•VENETIAN CRYSTALLINE EYE DROPS to print any matter calculated privilege by journals of lower came a hater, of men and looked for not begin again, but we can change.
GROWER to excite turmoil or disorder in standards and few.. scruples.sex: along.
Can we ever begin again? The movement that is never still. We, EYELASH
forward with life, Chinn, or to exclte, persons to These latter, as we have shown,
We can never get away from the using all that was good and delight- All these preparations will beautify, & crime in China. It is to be con- can be penalised, when they of answer seems to be "no" and "yes" tod; can move maintain the natural beauty of the eyes. ceded that occasions might arise fend, by enforcement of existing past but there is no experience we ful in the past, using, too, all that
We can become con- was painful or bad.
We can enrich the personality that e on which it would be prudent to laws. Finally, we cannot but cannot use. PERFUMERY CORNER-LADIES' SALON exercise à press censorship, but express surprise and regret that selous of our motives and we can
direct the force that lles behind in been built up through the years, these occasions can be dealt with the majority of the Unofficials them into useful channels. Someone tend the roots and prune the branches when circumstances make it should fail to support a princi-haa said that experience le of value until the child that was so "naughty," has become the tranquil woman who necessary to take such action, ple enshrined for centuries in only when it has been consciously the growing girl that was so "trying," At all other times, the press of rights which reflect the British related to the pattern of our lives.
Perhaps, we were forced by our brings peace and happiness wherever
be she may walk. the Colony should be free from tradition of freedom and fair emotions into a way of living
Bridget Byati. fore we had reached maturity. Given official interforence, subject play.
VENETIAN
SPECIAL EYE SPECIAL EYE
CREAM
CRAWFORD, LTD.
onerous.
was
thwarted in
our homes. We
A
A
-
CENERAL SANJURJO
sot the fashion in Fascist plotting back in 1932, He also
is now doad.
and money to campaign against the Republic and to provoke the milltary rebellion. The rebel aray leaders, sons or brothers mostly of the landowners, have really risen against the Agrarian Reform.
In considering the character of this revolution; we must remember that it is not a Fascist movement of the German or Italian type. The military insurgents are figures who more properly belong to nineteenth century Spain, generals who work by coups d'état, more interested in politics than in their duties.
✰ Franco
one of the General Franco, youngest generals in the Spanish army, was always a Monarchist. In spite of that, the Government kept him in the army, and in active command!
Arm General Mola, another Monarchist, was the last Prefect of the under Police in Madrid -Monarchy. General Goded, now a prisoner of the loyal forces in Bar- celona, is a military conspirator, more cunning than the others, short of stature and nervous: he considers himself a man of action. General Queipo de Llano plotted against the Monarchy, and was one of the trusted army leaders during the first years of the Republic. But one of his daughters married a son of Señor Alcala Zamora, the re- rently deposed President of the Re- public. Seflor Alcalá Zamora is an landowner. who Andalusian trembled for the fate of his estates. 11 practically certain that be- hind the military plot is the land- Zamora, whose олег Alcala hatred of the present President of the Republic, Señor Azafia, is also public and notorious.
All the Repubilean Governments 've been too tolerant in their treatment of the enemies of the regime. Generals who were avow- edly Monarchist have been malu- tained in active commands.
Franco in the Canaries, close to the Morocco, and Goded in Balearic Islands, have been able to make their revolutionary prepara. tions undisturbed, and to uso all the forces which the State put at their disposal against the Govern- ment they had sworn to defend.
Spain is now paying with blood for this lenience on the part of a democracy, which either does net know how tb, or cannot, or will not défend itselt.
Self-Defence ✩
It has now been clearly proved. that most of the officers in the army do not feel for the Republl- can cause. The Government, much against his will, has had to give arms to the workers, otherwise.it would have already fallen into the handa of the rebels.
But it is quite wrong to suppose that
on one side there are only Fascists, and on the other Com- munists or Reds. The Government any purely Republican, without ane Socialist in it. It is a legal, constitutional doverument, enjoy- ing the confidence of Parliament and of the President of the Re- public. The Workers' Millia re- ceives orders from the Govern ment and is defending the Repub- lic against military Fascism.
arming Undoubtedly the fact of the people may have important consequences, from which the Spanish bourgeelslo may perhaps
not recover.
But the responsibility rests with this bourgeoiale themselves, for they have rushed into a Civil War which is now difficult to separato from a Social Revolution.
Today's Thought ---- SOME, men are like musical glasses to produce their Anast tones you must keep
Ahem wet
COLERIDGE.
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