1936-08-25 — Page 6

0 THE HONGKONG Telegraph, TUESDAY, AUGUST 25, 1936.

Acts like a Charm.

ICHAW

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A

The Big Thrifty Now

1936

Yesterday the Queen Mary, greatest ship the

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Leading With

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1

16 New Beauty Distinctions 34 Innovations In Comfort

A. S. WATSON & CO., LTD. 35 New Features of Performance

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The

Stubbs Rd.

Hongkong Telegraph.

TUESDAY, AUG, 25, 1936,

cord of the Atlantic. Consider to-day the story of

In 1837, of 180 steerage passengers in the emigrant ship Diamond, seventeen died of starvation during the 100 days voyage from Britain to 'America.

first-class

For twenty-five passengers, in an early nine- teenth century Transatlantic sailing ship, there was one or perhaps two negro stewards,

►

STEAMSHIPS

One of them used to pipe "All She hands" whenever A steamship, vance passed, and inado his men "kneel until un the deck and thank the Al- built. mighty they used in wind and not

brim- the devil's fire and stone."

The

As late as 1353 there were 409 deaths from cholera in one sailing packet crossing to New York, so terrible was the toll in of disease at sea through in- tho. sanitary conditions.

was 60 large, so tar in ad- of her time, that it was not 1000 that a larger ship was

WELL, all the time

VY Britain had

been

the predominant carrier of this vast

But that was not the most terrifle movement, but the Germans, their part of Brunel's conception.

•

merchant shipping growing ever big- ger since 1870, looked on with envy, and became more and more anxious

admirats at the Admiralty, the salt-tang of Trafalgar Day yet their nostrils, somehow saw in

new method of propulsion an Australla.

at the runtion's sea supre- no coaling stations en route in those Britain's control of the European attempt macy.

The Great Eastern was to go to to "musele in" on 11

Naturally there were In 2894 Germany attacked

*

In 1833. They did it.

In the face of the world's in-

the first steamship, rely credulity

ing entirely on its engines, crossed · the Atlantic.

doys.

ta

emigration traffic.

load the

Bruncl planned Great Eastern with enough coal A great proportion of the Central (15,000 tons) to enable her to go European emigrants shipped from all the way to Australia without German ports.

once stopping to recoal Even now ships coal three or four times on the journey.

In the emigrant ships of the 'fifties, the passengers had to provision themselvca. Passen- gera were known to run out of food and starve to death dur- ing a delayed passage.

THOSE are the condi-

tions from which we paddle-boat of 830 tons, and it room to build her) on the Thames. have progressed in ship ping within the lifetime of men still living.

Between those rough times and to-day-only one long lifetime- the world has seen its whole life transformed by the new steam- ships that replaced those stinking, discase-ridden hell-boxes.

The story of the daring men who bullt, ran, and navigated tho ships is an eple, and very largely a British eple.

the

First Packet

It won the Royal William.

crossed

·days.

from Canada in nineteen

Had A Bad Time

Emigrants

who once got in the The wonder ship was built broad- grip of the German lines in the con- on (the only way there was trol station had a bad time. If they

a side

Went Bankrupt

had a Brilish steamer ticket it was talten away from them, or they were frightened with threats that they Everything went excellently well would be sent back home, 1838. The British Government until they tried to launch her. Sho

They were only too glad to go in awoke. Disregarding the admirals, would not move. it realised at Inst int the existing. service of "con brigs" (named For

three months they tried to whatever German ships the bully.. thus in sardonic reference to their budge her, and when at last power- ing officials directed them to habl of foundering) was not the ful machines had pushed her into

The British shipowners protested best possible method of carrying the water it had only been at an mails.

extra cost of £60,000.

There her tragedy began. Her owners

the went bankrupt over £60,000. Instead of golag on the wonderful Australian journey, which she would have undoubtedly

Vital Years

It then offered to subsidise a mail- carrying steamship, line across the Atlantic.

The

In vain, and we lost much of the trade.

British-Germon THE

shipping battle went

all through the early years of

contract was secured by a performed to Britain's everinsting on Canadian, who submitted his plans honour, she was sold into the al- the twentieth century. Faster and and ready overcrowded Atlantic route., fasier steamers. Finer nets to catch British Government

She

ran without distinction for the 'emigrants.. about five years, and then she was

It is said that the Germans would of Halifax, sold for £25,000-one-thirtieth of have offered us the biggest sen fight

the original cost.

The first important date is 1902, to the In that year the first plencers put dished all the British owners. He a Qualter named Samuel first successful steamship, the was wooden

a merchant, Charlotte Dundas, on the Cunard,

Nova Scotia, Forth and Clyde Canal, where it reached a speed of 3 m.p.h.

*

*

A FINE FEAT

Pride of place for cast to wealnew crossing of the Atlantic now goes to Britain as a result of the magnificent voyage

of the Cunard-White Star liner, Queen Mary, from Cherbourg to New York. The mammoth liner has

of all after. 1914 It the war had not Sho accomplished the trip with over

was used as a cable ship, intervened. and at Inst came down to a final four hours to spare, when con-

1840. Cunard's first four wooden ignominy-being towed round the The end of the great unpre~ trasted with the record of four Then 1815. In Unt year they steamships were built on the Clyde, British coast as a cheap-jack nauti- cedented 30,000,000 European trek

the first one, the first sleam packet on tho and

the Britannia, cal fair attraction, plastered with came with the United States im- days, eleven hours, and forty-had

Thames, despite a fierce fight with sailed to Boston, with Cunard him- advertisements. two minutes, set up last year by the watermen.

self on board, In fourteen Cunard received 1,000 dinner invi- the Normandie on her maiden Then came the 1030's. They talluns In Boston.. voyage from Southampton to began to dream of sending a steamer The experts New York. Although in order said to secure the blue riband, the Queen Mary has to improve on the Normandie's west-to-east crossing, (when an average of 30.31 knots was attained, com-

& Co., Ltd. pured with 30.01 knots now

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made by the Queen Mary) the record for the opposite route now goes to Britain after a lapse of twenty-five years, the best British time hitherto be-

across

the Atlantic.

days.

Then the 1840'-vilal years.

migration ban in 1919.

Its end was a rather expensive business for British shipping. Unc Great Eastern came one of Before

AFTER

the bar went up British lines had contracted in advance to ship a large number of

Two nations began to emerge as the most wonderful periods in ship steamship no chip would ever be built that could carry enough coal for the

journey.

The sailing-ship captains hated the whole idea.

"The sailing ships-fought back----

the speed of the clippers astonished the steamer advo-

catch."

ing that set up by the Maure NOTES OF THE DAY

the great steamship owners of the world-Britain and the United States.

When Cunard began in 'forties, and even Up 10 America back more stilps Britain.

plng history,

Lie

In

the '60's, 70's, and '80's the emigrants to America. sailing ships fought back.

The legal position appeared to be the

that the companies were bound to 1060, Stimulated by steamship, compe- maintain the emigrants from than tition, mailing vessels reached An agreed date of sailing until the day incredible height of efficiency, and it might be years later when the there were at least two distinct re- United States would let them filter · They could build them chraper vivals when they seemed to gain in through the small quota. Uiere because they had Inexhausti- ground. ble primeval forests to draw on. If

The companies were actually com- ships had remained of wood, re- Wonderful clipper ships were de pelled to buy a strip of land near member, America would posibly signed in Brush and American Southampton, which they named have emerged into the twentieth yards. The clippers were first used Atlantic Parks, and keep the emi- century as the mistress of the seas. for smuggling opium from China- grants there in idleness-together

-in such ships, probably, De Quin with any children born to them.

cey's opium came-but afterwards

铺

they went into the tea and wool The last emigrant, in fact, did not leave Atlantic Park until a few years ago.

In the 'forlies and 'ttles there undes. was a dramatic turn of fate,

Astonished

The speed of the clippers asto- nished the steamer advocates,

tanin in 1909 on ner trip from Queenstown to New York. The

We are glad to say there has German liner Bremen, on her been no hectic reaction to the

Ships began to be made of iron (and later stcel). maiden trip from Cherbourg to stopping of the British steamer by

An a Spanish cruiser. Some reports New York in 1929, crossed in made the most of this story that wooden

iron ship lasted longer. A ship, for instance, could four days, seventeen hours, and the British warships, which sped only make four, or at most 436 nautical miles in the greatest day's the coming of the turbine.

On

Bix,

AFTER

the Anglo-

German emalgrant

In 1854 the clipper Lighting did fight, the next exciting thing was

•

Turbine Comes

a sailing ship ever knew. forty-two minutes.

the to the rescue of the arrested vessel, trips to India before she was worn sailing

The speed, equivalent to a land speed of nearly 21 m.p.h., was fes- same route, the Bremen's sister were cleared for action; but that, oul.

obviously, was no more than B Now in Iron and steel making ter than many passenger steamers In 1807 the turbine came into the ship, the Europa, went one bet-matter of routine. There will be Britain was far ahead of the Ameri- to-day.

shipping world to work as great a change as the propeller. And its ter in the following year by no shots fired by any British cans and so her shipping gradually

history is interesting. knocking about an hour off the man-o-war, we take it, unless forged ahead.

Britisk nationals and property are

THE sailing ships died But they were still only paddle-

There were turblacs in ancient record, whilst in 1933 the deliberately attacked. Britain wheel ships unt from a

hard. Here are some Egypt being used by the priests to paltry facts to show it.

open one of their ponderous temple Europa beat her own time by does not want to take siden in the duck pond there sprang an inven-

Spanish imbroglio. If she were tion that was to have its repercus- Until the Suez Canal was opened doors, but in their present form they making the voyage in four days, locking for an excuse it would not sions over every mile of the seven is 1880 the fastest passages to were invented by the Hon. C. S. sixteen hours, and forty-eight be hard to find. But the fact that seas.

China had been made by

salling Parsons. minutes.

ships. has declared for neutrality, } Tho Normandie's she

The duck pond was at Hendon,

The greybeards of the Admiralty that she has accepted the apology Middlesex. Its owner, Farmer achievement

As late as 1800 there were still did not look with favour on the was some live of the Spanish captain who stop- Frank Smilli,

0.870 sailing ships and only a miser turbine, so Parsons devised a daring hours better than the Europa's, | ped The British ship, that no

plan for publicity. and now the Queen Mary has further action is contemplated, Duck Pond Test

In the year 1860, though you may It was the year of the Diamond does not mean that His Majesty's

with its great Naval Re- set a new standard. As. a mat-Government will suffer the moles-

Smith splashed round the edge have some difeulty in believing It, Jubilee,

Admiralty obtained from view of Spithead. of this pond with a clockwork the ter of historic Interest, it may Įtation of its ships upon the high

loy that had corkscrew-iks Parliament a sum of £1,000,000 to

Parsons went to the review in his.. be recalled that the Britannia, seas without determined, oven

projection at the back. The cork- buy timber to build two and three- denstic action, in future. London the first Cunard liner, took four-has accepted the explanation that

screw drove the boat just as if it decker men of war a la Trafalgar. little yacht Turgiala, which was run.

by a turbine. But in 1895 the great battle was were a paddle-wheel teen days and eight hours to the arrest of a British ship on the

lost at last. For the first time in Against all regulations the daring seas may have arisen through Smith, satisfied so far, left fils history there were in that year more Parsons mixed himself up with the make the trip from Liverpool to high gens and since there was no pond and experimented on a canal, steamships than sailing ships. review. He made rings round the New York; this was as far back damage done and no biosd spilt with a six-lon boat which also went, The year 1804 saw a new develop- fastest battleships there at a speed

and with Smith as midwife there as 1840. When this figure is the matter can be forgotten-un was born thus the age of the pro came to a head. cómpared with the Queen Mary's less, of course, such things occur peller-driven ship.

again. time, some idea can be guined of the immense strides made in the

A

able 447 steamers.

ment. The great emigrant crisis of 34% knots.

For years before the vast emi- While Smith dobbled with screws grant traffic had been the mainstay

Cunard bridged the Atlantic of the Atlantic ferry. other men were setting the noses

airl

As a result the Admiralty sim- ply had to take notice, and almost immediately the turbine was re- cognised as revolutionising p engineering.

of the "great of little paddle steamers Eastwards. It had been one

events of work history." Between

With the invention of the turbine Communications to the East were 1820 and 1020 38,000,000 people, or the steamship may perhaps be sald incredibly bad.

burst into the tel-

Bohemia

interim. It was all along felt when fully extended, she would that the Queen Mary was cap-have no difficulty in accomplish- able of setting up a new high ing the task. That she has now

almost as many as there are in the whole British Isles, upped and left to have attained its majority. It was mark for the Atlantic crossing. done so well is a matter for pride

their homes in Russia, Italy, Greece, a stripling.no longer, but a vigorous Despite untoward weather, she to Britons everywhere." Above

and where you will, and man.. had previously come near to all, it is a striking testimony to

THEN, in 1850, there crossed the seas to the New World. The changes it had brought to the

world were inconceivable. beating the Normandie's record, the skill of British engineers and surely, inefficient service to the East the Groat Eastern, or, rather, sho

Between 1850 and 1880, the grow- had workmen, who have once again oven though her owners

In the history of the world there ing years of the, steamship are, have been many disclaimed any intention of reproved that in shipbuilding Bris intended so to do.

great treks the Britain's trade increased four times The Great Eastern, built in 1857, Huns, the Israelites, the Tartars over. In one decade, 1850-60, the capturing the blue riband. The tain is able to more than hold was perhaps the most terrific con- but this one of our own wonderful trade of the whole world grew near- Cunard policy was evidently one her own. It now remains forception the sea has over seen.

days was the greatest in all history, ly half as much as it had grown in of allowing the giant liner to the Queen Mary, to achieve were sull of approximately sailing traffic, fortunes were made out of

At a time when the largest, ships, Whole lines grew up to meet the the previous, half-century, tun herself in before making any absolute. supremacy by making slip dimensions, Brunel, her darlag attempt on the record; and after the fastest time on the west-to designer, projected a ship that was to be 680ft long (the Queen Mary her overhaul it was felt that, cast run.

being 1,010ft. long).

The very dealin "of ships was in-- fuenced by the drame.

CA. LYON