1936-08-20 — Page 18

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, THURSDAY, AUGUST 20, 1936.

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THURSDAY, Aug. 20, 1936.

RELIGIOUS FELLOWSHIP

During the first half of last month, London was the meeting place of the World Congress of

PEACE-or

PACIFISM?

M

ARCHING feet, beating

a death-or-glory tattoo on the cobble-stones; bayonets, yet unstained, glinting in the sun; kilts, swing- ing and flaunting with the ar- rogance of unblooded youth and the bag-pipes awakening the quiet of the Strath to a war- ecstasy....

Bald Wise Woman,

who watched with eyes filled with tears and with foreboding:

"I am thinking It needs more courage to wear a while-feather in your buttonhole than a cockade in your glengarry,

To the small boy. who looked at her with reproach and shame, this was heresy; this was treason.

That Wise Woman WAS my mother, with two sons in the army. and that small bʊy, of 20 years ago, was I, who, with my generation, saw in the blood-unction of War only the consecration of Courage.

IT

T WAS not until, in the promised years of "It-will-never- happen again," I began to think for myself. to understand the meaning of mass-hysteria, of poster-drugged patriotlim, and of passions, that I lic-innamed understood her.

And I becanic a pacifist. That, in five words, would seem to be my answer to the question, Peace or Pacifism?" for a preifist would see no contradiction in it.

But, ans," Pence" and "Pack- fism" can no longer be taken for granted as they were 20 years ago. when Fence was a world-religion, with all peoples in its communion, and Pacifism was its creed. To-

Faiths. Its objective was neither NOTES OF THE DAY

an appraisement of various rell-

or

There is a strong probability that within a short period of time France will find herself a nation with radical Socialistic leunings bounded on three sides by radica?

Nazis

Fasciats. Rightists, Frenchmen will then experience the sensations known to German's who, during the past little while may have imagined a' pressure of political antipathy from east and west, ropresented by Russin and or not this France. Whether

gions, nor an attempt to merge them into a visible unity. It is believed that each religion has its own individuality, and that it is best for each to develop its own distinctive values. What makes a Congress possible is a firm con- viction that each has something to, contribute to the common stock. The promotion of fellow ship becomes therefore the one grent--aim.-It-is-peculiarly-ap- situation will have any serious effect upon the position in Europe propriate that this Congress remains problematical, but there happened to be meeting at a is little doubt that some French- time when in the sphere of men will feel a sense of constric

tion with Nazi Germany on the international politics another in- one hand, Fascist Italy on another stitution whose object is world- and a revolutionary Rightist Gov-

ernment in Spain. wide fellowship (it has adoptea

With France between these the colder name of "co-opera- forces, the gentlemen in Berlin tion") is undergoing the severest and Rome may feel they will have test of its short life. Some more hope of satisfactory bargain- lug in matters of a delicate poli- people think that the League of tical nature. It is conceivable, Nations received its deathblow then, that the allegation that 14- and German ready Italian at the recent meetings of its aistance has been given to the Council and Assembly at Geneva. Spanish rebels has good foundn- Just as the World Congress of tion, and the reason for these two nations apparent lack of Faiths believes that it is good to desire to join in a non-Interven-

respect to

the have separate religions, and not tion pact with

Spanish civil war may be found one World Religion, so those who in the same quarter, More and drafted the Covenant of the more the nations of Europe arc drifting into political alignmenta and of 1914 to those similar League of Nations built upon the idea that each nation should re- earlier. tain its pre-existing sovereignty

Perhaps

by

Ritchie

CALDER

day that question is one which searches the hearts, the soul and the minds of men and women. It must be to millions of peace- loving people what it has been to ine-a torment, a conflict between that deep-seated instinct which abhors the thought of war and the reason whichi argues that we must think of war If we are to avoid it.

And upon my generation there is a special responsibility, That was the generation which the last war passed by, touching us only 'with Its more gaudy pinions, balting us with its glamour and excitement: the generation which is the parent of a new.ong; a dangerous gene- ration, liable to be moved by awakentag echoes and swept away. by the taunt of "What of your children? 1 generation disillu→ sloned, not by War but by Fence.

Pacism was simple and uncom- plicated in those years when war- revolution was no strong that oven war-books could not find a pub- sher, nor war-plays a producer, when we believed that militariani was buried in the whited sepulchre of Versailles and peace perpetu- uted in the League of Nations.

Then, when the lichen began to " blur the names on war memoriais. so, too, the memories of the War gradually became overgrown. Or, Hike a merciful anæsthetic, men willed away the nightmares and time healed the horror-lacera- tions of the mind,

A subtle change began. One can almost date it from the time when people all over, the world began to Journey's flock to

End" and whole nations read "All Quict." They called them powerful anti- war propaganda," but, psycho- logically, they were dangerously significantinen were beginning to tolerate again the thoughts of war and were seeking reminders of what had seemed unforgettable.

T

11E

WHITE sepulchre

of Versailles had cracked and had revealed only putrefaction within. Its rottenness poisoned the world.

Peace, which was only the War prolonged in penalties and perse- cutions, and which was based on war-guilt, war debts and repara- tions, drave nations, like debtors threatened by the ballifts, behind the locked doors of economic nationalism.

Hatreds were born átresh. And disillusionment.

In the new. Il-hallowed world. it was obvious that the horrors and

"WAR meant this to me twenty years ago

Icons of the last war had become useless scarecrows while the car- rlons devoured the fruits of Peace. and nations tolled and their unem- ployed starved in vain.

And the League of Nations, noble in its ideals and honest in its con- ception, had become in practice only the Grand Alliance of the "victors" and of the new nationa born at Versailles, all of them seeking not true equality, but domination and humilation of Germany.

PEACE needed

new

architect, Arthur Henderson be- came that architect. In 1030 the It hopes of the world ran high. was to and true equality in Dis- armament and in the readjust- ment of world economy,

Within two years, those hopes were betrayed. The Peace System crumbled. Disarmament dissolved in British hypocrisy. Hitler, Man- churia, Abyssinia. Nations, professing Peace, prepared for War.

In such a world Pacifism might Pacinsm seem an anachronism. can never be an anachronism. It is an ever-present, ever-constant Ideal, without which truc Peace can never be achieved.

I am a realist, but only in-the- sense that I believe that such Ideals can be made realities.

But, at this crisis of civilisation. is Pacifism enough? With all de- voutness, I wish to Heaven it were. I, for one, would find it easy to be

"Dick a Paciflat, to say with Sheppard,

Lansbury, George Aldous Huxley and their 100,000 followers. that I shall never take

Pirates' Treasure

tel

FROM time to time one reads of ex- gone pirates are to be seen in various peditions going to little known parts of the island of Mate, while in islands in isolated parts of the world Praslin Island are graves so ancient not known. in search of hidden treasure, but that their origin is whether that treasure has been found, Probably they are Moorish, for cen- or whether the journeys have been turies ago the Moors sailed the seas

rain, is not recorded. Neverthe-of the Indian Ocean. less, hidden away in some of the tiny. must be untold wealth. islands of the Indian Ocean, there

over

Unfortunately for treasure seekers, the local inhabitants of Seychelles do not encourage treasure hunters on their land, for they consider that if there is any treasure to be found it is up to themselves to find it; otherwise leave it where it is hidden. LOST LOOT

During the seventeenth century islands such as the Seychelles, num- bering some ninety-eight, and seat- the tered

a huge area, were haunt of pirates who used them as bases from which to hurry the ship-

During the time I Ilved in Mahe I the Indian Ocean. This

had a bungalow that stood beneath and independence, and repudiated bad failed, whereas what is obvi- ping un

shipping carried in its holds articles

in the conception of a World-State.ously wrong is the absence--at of immense value from the Indies, the palms, some seven miles from But there must be co-operation. any rate among the responsible Silks, embroideries, ivory, gold, and Victoria. One day I was digging

jewels were numbered among other the plantation for something to do. First, they must be prepared to Governments of the will to articles and as many of these ships My spade struck an object. I dug I un- clent cannon ball, in fact, that they fell into the hands of obey a common law and to refer co-operate, where selfish national never came home there is no doubt feverishly, and unearthed-an an earthed three, which had been buried the their disputes and grievances for interests are jeopardised. Is the pirates.

To this day treasure hunting goes close together throughout the cen-

coins turtes. But, alas, they were decision by the tribunals of that reform of the League by the

on In the Seychelles. Gold

intal

otal amount of my discoveries.

wealth to only effetive method a change und rings are occasionally unearthed

There must be great law. Secondly, they agree

in the beds of mountain streams that cascade rough the palm girt slopes secreted in parts of the Seychelles, for heart feasible? their united forces against of

out of number they breakers and aggressora. what is needed is to change the of Mahe. Ancient carvings of beasts the islands once swarmed with cor-

and signs of the Zodiac are to be seen alrs. Times

their ships laden with plunder. After Recent events show that there word "co-operation" to the more on the face of rocks in parts of the would return from their forays with

island.

a few weeks carouse they would again put to sea, and return with is not enough of the spirit passionato word "fellowship",

their ships loaded with Ill-gotten of co-operation to put Len- and to accept all that the change

gains and prisoners. At last they would put to sea, when they would gue principles into operation. of nomenclature implies, It is not to act

fall in with a ship of war. A blood- Italy deliberately broke the law enough for nations

had solemnly accepted, together only when their

take national interests are obviously landowners, never tire of digging, ups pirate captain and crew were Other nations refused to united action against Italy in a and directly advantaged. They cause where their own interests must be prepared to respond with were not directly attacked, when alacrity to the call of human Perhaps this can it appeared that such action brotherhood.

use

Jaw

she

might end in the necessary use only come about when the

selfish

nn-

of milltary force. In short, the tions are inspired by that sense co-operative system has broken of man's high destiny, which

FÁLSE TRAILS

Treasure plans are numerous, and, incidentally, the Seychellois are adept at making plans for their own, and plans are thought to be authentic, and pirate ship would be captured and others, amusement. Some of these thirsty battle would ensue, and the

The

generally taken to Ile de France, us, Mauritius was then named, or lo be tried and hanged. Reunion, when the prisoners would

What of the treasure of weeks and months that had been taken to the

ing hidden wealth. their estates in the hope of unearth- Some years ago a sailing ship was cove A boat landed some men, who seen one evening to put in to a pretty erected a tent. In the morning they were gone, while a deep hole and coin or two were seen in the place Seychelles and hidden away? There heard later that treasure had been of It except at their bases.

theso where the tent had stood. It was was nowhere else they could dispose his hands in despair, but nothing hoards will come to light, and even

after the Government. found. The owner of the land wrung Some time in the future

have taken Many of the

down.. There is talk at once of religions-80 we learn from the ld be done inkabitonis of the their share the finders will be rich

all

reform

of the League's Covenant, World Congress-profess if it were its machinery that realise.

to Seychelles beur names of cornuir enp for life.

tains of old, while graves of dead and

"Alex, Doull;~F.R.0,8;

part in War in any shape or form. It, that is, I believed it would make the world safe for Peace.

Pacifism, however, is a principle and not a policy. It has seemed to me as I have listened to the arguments between the Pacifists' and the Sanctionists, between Non-Resistance and Collective Security, that the Pacifist, as an Individual, had made up his mind what he should do in the war which the Sanctionists were try- ing to avert.

We have seen, at the National Peace Congress, where the views of both sides were expressed with frankness and sincerity, that it is possible to and a common policy. That basis rests on organised, co-operation International through the League, the pro- gressive curtailment of national sovereignty, the removal of in- equities and dangers to world- peace and a world conference to Gecure the adjustment of economic and colonial questions. It is opposed to increase in armaments and to this Government's arms programme and to Fascism and Nazism.

ր

To that all lovers of peace can con- scientiously subscribe, and with Government with vision and clear- sightedness in power those are ideals which could become realtica.

UT. If a Socialist Goy ernment, pledged and prepared to carry out those ideals, were left with war-charged chaos into which the "National" Government and the last French Government have brought us, could it hope for Peace in the isolation of Absolute Pacifism? That would be as anar- chic as the mad, ultra-nationalist,. pseudo-patriotic, frankly Im- perialist, Isolationism of the pre-

sent arms race,

That way lies not Peace, but War, and the destruction of civil- iation. Disarmament is not only consistent with but inherent in Collective Security,

So I, who am by every instinct a Pacifist, find myself committed by my own reasoning to the Covenant and to Sanctions which, in the ultimate resort, imply milltary measures.

But I do not believe that with honest statesmanship, with whole- hearted and loyat support of the Covenant, War would ever happen.

Not even with the so-called “lesson' of Abyssinia to'challenge me. If true economic Sanctions had been applied. it the sources of war-suppiles had been cut off and the Canal closed, when the Ieller of the Covenant demanded that they should be applied, Mussolini would never have attacked Abyssinia.

IT IS HERE that I charge

the Absolute Pacifists with incon-› sistency. They disapprove of Sanctions, economic or otherwise. But Dr. Altred Batter was asked at the National Peace Congress if the American Pacifists approved of their country supplying oil for the Italian bombers.

"I cannot say," he said. "They have not yet formed a polley on these matters,"

The question applies Just as bluntly to Dr. Baller and his fellow pacifists. Have they formed a policy?

Bupply oil or war-materials and they condone aggression. Rafuse them and they are applying Banctions.

Tho League, which in, betraying. Abyssinia was itself betrayed, can still - be made a force for Peaco

And I, who was a paclist, am skill; as a believer in the Lèngua of Nationa, a war-resister,

-To-day's Thought

WIT is that which has been often thought, but never "before was well expressed.

BAMUEL JOHNSON,,