1936-08-11 — Page 22

10

ARGUMENT with "a Gramophone"

"E..renched Fyall- gorak late in the evening and decided

W

LO

catch A train from there to Kis- lovodsk. But man proposes--! Fate, or whatever is the force which controla the destiny of trains on stormy evenings, or- duled that the train should be late. A breakdown had oc- We curred down the Hne. spent the interval dejectedly In the

station restaurant. We were cold and miserable, and the chat, or tea, which was brought to us, didn't add to our cheerfulness.

Then suddenly a brass band blared out on the platform to a confused noise of singinK. Golay outside 1 found the platform crowded with young prasants de. parthug for a collective form. They were Kolkhoztes or members of a collective farm in the neighbour- hood, who were going to assist another farm with its autumna sowthur. I looked carefully at these people. Most of thent were seareely more than boys and girls, with the boys vasity preduplanding

A

few were older, but they were verz

W

Badly Dressed

They comprised a mixture i muddy and tattered clothes, sulted bundles, and tangled hair. They were shockingly dressed by British standards, but I was getting wi used to the Russian conception at dress, that this did not particu- Jorly dismay me.

What did press me was their unbounded enthusiasm. They were sharing and cheering all the Minne One you boy, hot hin than fighteen, had a boille of rodka lu the Inside of his mattered

cont. I remarked to our guide, "Tell him he would do well tu- have put the money he spent on youka into a coat for his back,

Our guide said something to the boy who turned away shume- facedly, and soon evaporated, pro- bably thinking that WE were oletais at some sort.

I naw these people climb into a train which Ritimately lumbered in, and watched them dancing farewell to their friends to a Caucasian tune, played in an end- lena repetition of six bars by the band of the munitetpol milila.

"What are they enthusiastle about?" I kept making myself. They were not decently clad. They were not even well fed. All of them looked hungry. They were going to travel for fonte houIA through The night in "hard" carriages. What were they so jovial about?

.

Catch 'em Young

Did they really believe that they were the owner of this country? Did they really belleve that there was something really worth while waiting them--just around the Porner7

I did not know, I thought of the Communist method. Get hold of the children in the ertele. Follow them through the kindergarten, then through the school. Theni get them loto The Ploneers and the young Komsomols. Keen at them with incessant propaganda! Prop- #gandal Propaganda! --- from morning to night. On the wire- less, fims, pictures, posters, text- books, follow them everywhere. Mussolini, too. has done Eller has done it. They, too, move to public among the cheering crowds who can scarcely contał their enthusiasm. They, too, have exploited propaganda mele de tr The ful Where will?

it.

The youn: Ruslan la tan com=

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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 1936.

Electrified train passing through the Baku oilfields.

by Sir Walter

ing to believe that Hinnin istise only country in the world worth while.

The Nazis already believe that about Germany, The Italians vow they will tollow Mussolini to death,

Certainly 1 think the Russians have much more to hope and work for than the Fascist dictators can offer. Bet this new technique of repression and proparanda, where will it oil end? That is the enigma The future most solve.

Suon afterwards ou trato came in, and thoroughly taliturd with the day's exertions I was glad to alink inte ber

Next Morning

BLY

Next morning opened gloomy but not colt. We passed Graỷ, the gerond largest off-deli tri Russla, situated on the all-side on both sides of the town

Aitrawards

galde and densed The Trade Union, and I opened by saying it appeared to me that they were only the puppets of the Communist Party. All the prinelpal offields wee Communists, and as Stalin had

id: This was no accident." 1 asked How could the Trade

Unionists exercise any independent crielsm of the system?

If the individual worker tried to do so in the factory, he would first be given a friendly warning. The next time he would and himself up against the Communist nuclei in the factory, and finally the Pac- tory Director

Ile would have a pretty rough time.

The Leaders accepted the decisions of the Pollt Bureau of the Communist Party and appiled them, without demur, no matter how disagreeable the consequences might be for their members.

They dared not disobey. They were bound to the Party. Other- wise they would be driven out from amongst the ruling class in Russin. No wonder that Lentu de- scribed the Trade Unions as a "School for Communism,” That was their real function.

Purgings

My Russian friend argued that the Trade Unlona were

"per- suaded" to follow the lend of the Communist Party, but he admitted that the Party dominated Trado Unions and Government alike.

I asked him to describe how the Party preserved the purity of its membership by periodical purg- ings.

Roughly his description came to this. A Commission is sent to the factory. The members of the Party are called up before them in front of the workers, both Party and non-Party. Each la required to tell his fe's history, especially what he has done and is doing for the Revolution. Anyone can ques- flon him regarding both private and public matters, and after he has been turned inside out, the Commission then makes its de- cision.

נא

Citrine

Trips. You know as well as I do the prevnsity for healthy criticism in politieal life.

"In England we all criticise our pablle men, whether they polltletans on what they be, but, you are afraid of uttering a single wort against your leaders "

** We erflielse in the Party Con- Jerners, Comrade Citrine, We

etle our differences there,"

"You settle your differences by exiling your opponents." I re- marked, "or you remove them from their posts and put them into inferior otit. But I WAR not thinking so much of crtilelsm in

"They koop at the children with

propaganda..

public. What astounds me is that not one of you that I have talked to his ever uttered the slightest word of criticism of any one of your leaders or their policy. Once they have fallen from grące, like Trotsky, or Kamencit, or Zinovicft, you go for them for all you are, worth. But those in power-not a word.

think

you Arc

"Candidly, I

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AMOY

I remarked timt this system made a spy of every man on his neighbour, and

my companion again admitted that it was the duty of every worker to keep an eye on the actions and words of CALCUTTA

CANTON

BANGKOK DATAVIA BOMBAY

his fellows, and to report anything CHEFOU which seemed to be hostile to the COLOMBU interests of the working eltuss. To DAJHEN be a member of the Conmmunist Party is to be one of the "ruling class,"

No Criticism

FOUCHOW

AirHONG

FLAMBORG HANKOW HATIAN { HONGREW

ILOILO ISH JOHONE

That is why to Communist dare Rou argue independently, or criticise KOWLOON his leaders, or their policy. He is

14

แ

so anxious not to be regarded as

deviationist

that when con- fronted with any question he asks himself," What is the true Leninist e? What would Stalln say?" He takes good care that nothing which he says transgresses, the policy of these omcies. To argue with a Russian Communist is to argue .with 2

of gramophone record

Stalin.

"It grieves mo to see an-intelli- gent, educated man like yourself locking up his brains." I observed. You have lived in other coun-

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WHAT I SAW

IN RUSSIA-7-

afraid. You know the conse- quences which would follow if you were known to criticise' any of them, and you will not take the rlak even in the company of your best friend. You are afraid of bring given away.

"I have read of children giving their mothers away to the accret police and being publicly praised That is the new Com- for it! munist morality. I wonder what sort of n time a cartoonist has in your country?'

"We have cartoonists and they riticise thinks when they think they are wrong," he replied.

"Do they ever criticise personall- tles?" I asked.

As they criticise personall-

M.

Buch people as Stalin, Molotov, Voroshilov, or any of the People's Commissars, for example? “

"No, the Purty is the place to priticise them."

"Can you give me a single in- stance when Stalin has been criti- elsed in the Party of late yenrs?" I demanded.

No doubt there have been in- stances, but I cannot recall them.**

I could see it was no use purau- ing our discussion along this line. Goodness knows what a Will Dyson, or a Low, would do in Russia just now. I am afraid they would not Inst very long.

Of course, when one remembera Ihint any Communist may be Ianied up before a meeting and asked to explain some casual rem mark which might savour of a criticlan of the régime, it is easy to understand why they nie SO rareful,

Expulsions

Something a man has said years. before and forgotten all about might be brought up nguinst him - in the Party purge. The first time he might be able to explalu # Away, but a second occasion would bring him under so much muspleton! that not many Communists will take the risk.

110

At all events, It is curious that I rannot recall a single case when kny Russian Communist. matter how highly placed he has been, ever let fail in my hearing n word of criticism against anyone in high authority in the Party.

+

I am not taking now only of Communists in Russia itself. I have met many of the Russian Government officials and others in the past ten years, but I can never | recall one of them giving vent to the least criticism either, of the line followed by the Communist Party or anything said by one of its leaders, I have heard a good deal about Party discipline, and I know what it can mean in practice.

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Our conversation lapsed as our train made its uneventful journey over the flat, unbroken country, the landscape not altering until we reached the Caspian Sen fust be fore nightfall.

NEXT: United Fron!.

Sir Walter Citrine's diary, trùm which the above is an extract, published by Messrs. George Routledge and Sons, under the title, "I Search for Trulli

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