1936-08-10 — Page 15

£19,652,700

THE HONGKONG. TELEGRAPH. MONDAY, AUGUST 10, 1936.

EXTRA

Sixteen Additional

Warships

FIRST-LINE AIRCRAFT TO BE INCREASED TO 1,750 SUPPLEMENTARY Estimates totalling £19,652,700 were issued last month for the Navy, Army and Air Force.

་

The total is made up as follows:

Navy

Army

£1,059,000

£6,600,000

Air Services...£11,700,000 Royal Ordnance

Factories...£

293,700

FOR

THE FORCES

Girl Of 21 Spends £50,000 On

Herself In A Year

Secret Plan To Pool Colonies?

Paris, Aug. 1.

IT is stated here that the

Colonial Office in London has drafted a secret plan for pool- ing parts of the Various Colonica in Africa, making them available to Powers who want "a place in the sun." while the Colonial Office has draft- craft) will be increased by 12ed this plan, it is understond Ger

quadrons by 1939.

The strength of the Air Force is increased from 50,000 to R.A.G. units (25 56,000. The present number of oversens

squadrons, with a strength of approximately 270 first-line air-

Water Recedes In Caspian Sea

Morrow, Aug. 1.

Soviet construction of diuna, vast increase of cultivated areas and in- tensive use of the water of Kuma, Terek, Volga and other rivers for irrigation threatens the destriction t the Cuspind Sea, according to Prot. 11, Apollov, prominent grologist,

many has sent to London a secret Long-term orders are to be given note clearly asking for a redistribu- for large numbers of air frames and tion of Colonies, which the Foreign engines and other equipment to hring the strength of the Brst-line Office has not answeresi, aircraft at home to approximately : 1,730, exclusive of the Fleet Arto.

Air

It is added that recent events in Spanish Morocco are making English Much heavier provision for the (diplomats more anxious to bulk of the enst of this programtue, peaceful solution of 1937

and 1938.

Afclean and

it is stated, will fall to be made In Merterranean problems as they fear i

Haly and Germany may agree to take advantage of the situation.

In a statement attached to the Estimate, Anny Supplementary remerlying

deficiencies relating to defence is estimated to cost £5,814,- Cant figures fo show that the 400. while the sprešai mensirts in sen tot 7,435 square miles of aren connection with the Ride-Abysma since 1925, Apolloy urged that mea- dispute involve un estimated sures be taken to discharge into the priclture of £1,232.000, Caspian a portion of the waters of savings northern rivers and the Don, to pro-"| 39,6000,000, tect valuable Achertes at Caspun navigation for faline enduring,

FELL 24 INCHES IN 1925

During the court of the last 100: years the Joyet De Cusplan rose 1925 and fell alternatively, but in

tlak fetl sharply 24 inction below average level, acenesling to the pres logist.

In March of this year the sea was 1.0 inches lower than in 1925.

total dveretes in area of 7,335) square miles, or rigial to the surface i of the Ram-Hugger gulf.

BRITAIN SUPPORTING

PORTUGAL?

New York, Aug. 1.

Frances Matilda, twenty-one-year-old million-heiress to the Dodge fortune, spent £50,000 on maintenance, education, and clothing last year, according to the latest accounting of her motor-car magnato father's estate,

This is how she did R:- Stable and horses

Clothes, shoes, fur coats, riding habits Incidentals

Car and chauffeurs

Travel, rails, steamer fares

Four months schooling..

Dog kennels

New kennels and kennel maid Entertainment

Swimming pool

Upkeep of manor house

ļ

£ 20,000

£ 6.000

£ 4,000

£ 1,400

£ 2,000

£ 1,000

£5,000

£ 1,600

£ 2,000

£ 1,000

£ 5,000

Feed for her horaes costs £14 a day. She usually buys thirty frocks at a time, all original models.

French Air Secrets

M.

"Given To Soviet

""

engines, and light aeroplanes to all these clubs.

Until 17-the boys will undergo a they "perfecting course" In which will study air navigation, the sending of ratio imessages, and the construc- ton of gliders in factories,

SECRET "GİVEN AWAY”

Paris, Aug. 1. PIERRE COT, the Minister for Air in the new French Socialist, Government, to-day an- That It is reported from Lention ex- Great Barn is lving full support Bounced further details of his There are to Portical to keep her colonies, for-sweeping plan for making all which reduce the total to bidding any Power to raise a etnim 'French children air-minded.

You then.

As already amuonneed, al child-

M. Heuri de Kerills, a Natimalist ren from 9 to 14 are to be given

deputy, aonounced That he in- air instruction nt preliminary

tends to ask M. Cut why he has schords: Boys from 14 to 17 ariven ordern for the handing over to 1. have training in fiding; and Soviet Russin of full plans concern- youths from 18 to 21 are to being "the Alcan type of machine-gun Turret, and especially an alteraft Now it is explainest that the in- gum so designed that it is capable of struction for the first entegory will firing through the hub of the acr anchade visits to acereft factories and plane propeller,"

SCIENCE'S SEARCH

Fraised in aircraft engineering. FOR TEMPERATURE'S

"BOTTOMLESS PIT"

pored touplate parrain-alla

As a result in the gulf of Baku the ¦ of i nherent fortress lowers of the Salkhir, built in the 19th Century. which was submerged by a gentonleal dblurbe, now protrude from the

water. In fire wrather the ancient rond leading to the fortress can be seen as the bottom of the gulf.

in belcoming

of

The Desert Of Absolute Zero

OUTER SPACE

of

aertodroanes, the carrying out nxerekes with models, and special Jerunta in 1 currents and peros!

At 14, the pupils will be entitted. to Jain clubs for papularising avia- tion, to be formed alf Over the country. The subscription will be: as small na passible, and sufficient only to matiantesin!

the ordinary snelal life at the club. The

with. Government Aliders, gliders

His motion adds: "These we:5- pons are of the greatest importance and are unequalled in the world. It is in the interests of the nation that they should be kept secret,”

Welting in & recent issue of the

de Paris, Mt. de Kerillis says;

My question refers to a tøffer of M. cat in which he gives orders to the headquarters of the French Air Force supply Nitre with stall with regard to this marvel of French

Invention.

Investigation of the condition of the Caspiam basin, precipitation and, vaporation show no essential changes

chomatical conditions, recording to BELOW THE COLD OF Apollor, who therefore concluded

of dams, growth that construction, retion plantations in Transcaucusia. utilisation of water for irrigation on a During the Low Temperature large sale and development of in- Exhibition at the Science

ensive early using, trepitu the The Island of Cheleken gradually snow o cultivated lands to the last Museum, Professor F. A. Linde- would be easier when the gas was to me that we are viriually, against mann exhibited liquid heliums. There is greater order Germany, the military lies of the

in smaller volume.

Bussian Government and 'that we nee in being canceled with the Turk-minute possibile, wak responsible.

Then there is bent, another vari therefore anxious to allow them fo gas frozen to 269 deg. C, below the cold of ice, or only 4 de-able. The atoms fly into wilder dis-profit by our discoveries.

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Tens above the Absolute Zero of temperature, beyond which is nothing further.

"I realise that M. Cot will reply

"I only say that we should not hand

Are

order as the heat of the gas increases, and the gas expands. There are now! two variables in the conflict of order over the most important secrets of

and disorder. But it in a law of heal our national defence to Russla and energy that, in any collection of we certain that a diplomatie revolu- entirely reverse the At a fellowing lecture Professor F. forces, shut up from outside inter-ton will not Simor, with apparatus brought by ference, like the gay atoms in a closed situation as it and at present his fellow workers, Mr. E. L. Pickard container, there is a certain total and Mr. A. IL Cooke, from the sum of order, which can never in-. Clarendon Laboratory at Oxford, get crease by itself. down to within one degreo of that Consequently, if we aller from out- extremity of cold.

In a South Kensington lecture- room was thus produced a tempera- ture lower than nny existing in outer space. Above the frozen gus was a vacuum more complete than any in which an atom fouts between the

side the order due to the volume, we interfere with the heat balance. Whal.we gain on the swinge we loso on the roundabouts.

SCIENTIFIC CHESS

4

Armour And Guns In Advance

more

further £250,000 is earmarked

In other words if we increase thei arder by compressing the gas, the disorder due to heat will rise. If The artificial production of such now we inereuse the volume disorder unnatural cold and emptiness is an by letting the gas expand, then, by NAVY PREPARES FOR astonishing fact. The resources of way of compensation, the disorder

ITS NEXT 16 SHIPS science have been ransacked for many due to temperature will dverense, and years to atlain it and it seems the temperature of the gus itself will strange at Arst sight that while it fall. By this scientific Juggling with BY A NAVAL CORRESPONDENT is so easy to reach high temperatures; the heat and volume of gases their

Although the supplementary Naval it should be so hard to sink to low

temperature has been forced down,

Estimates may seem small, electric tower and lower, past the point where than half of the £1,050,000 is to be ones. By clicking on on Lorch we can set up a temperature of nitrogen liquifles into greater order, 1500 deg. C. But to get down to past liquid oxygen and ilquid hy-apent on armour for new ships, and Absolute Zero, mathematically estab-drogen to liquid and aslid helium. lished as 73.16 deg., C. below the Here there is a wonderfal degree of for extensions of plant and works melting point of ice is beyond us, order. We can almost imagine ench to the manufacture of armour and

END OF DISORDER

atom set like a chessman on its pro-suns.

Only £150,000 is actually devoted What is that temperature, and per square, how defined? It is that at which But at this temperature it seemed to the laying down of 18 additional the atoma of a gas, deprived of the as if a stop must be made because warships, viz. heat energy which la ono with their such was the vacuum above the liquid motions, cease, to kick against thefor nolid sness that there was sides of the vessel containing them. further expansion of gas to juggle They fall lifeless and inert. They with. Then appeared on the scene are at rest, their wild disorder stilled the qualities of the atoms themselves. to order. Herein lies explanation of Atons have their own magnetic per- the contrast between the production sonalities and can help to get the of heat and cold. It is easy to create board. any degree of disorder. It is hard to bring order out of disorder.

ATOMIC MAGNETS

no

In the atonis of some partially

A simple example may show what magnetle salis, such as potassium

is meant. Suppose we Have black and | chrome nium, are tiny magnets set white chessmen arranged in order on all ways in disorderly fashion. Cool

Two cruisers of about 5,000 tons (making seven cruisers in all this year),

One altcraft carrièr (making two In all).

One Bolilla leader and ciglit destroyers, of about 1,100 tong (making 18 of these vessels in Alt).

Four submarines (three of the patral type, one of a smaller de- sign), making eight submarines In

the board. Shake the board violent down these salts by liquid helium and These ships, which are to be laid ly so that the pieces tumble here and surround them with an electro down in the spring, will ultimately there in confusion. It is the easiest magnet producing a tremendously involve a total expenditure over thing in the world to throw them strong magnetic field. Under its £11,000,000, into disorder. But ad amount of influence the atomic magnets turn The balance of the £1,050,000 shiking will throw them back into towards their rightful poles. Order comprised in the Estimate represents their places. Only hand-picking will is increased.

the cost of accelerating the construc-

do it. If the chessmen were atoms Again the law of the sum of order tion of certain ships already in hand, in a go the Teat would prove utterly operates. We have artificially in impossible.

ereased the order in a new way. It including the cruisers Liverpool and Fortunately for the success, of pro- carnot be

Manchester, building on the Clyde at the expense of the and Tyne respectively, ducing low temperatures the com- volumo which docs not now Ordering armour plate in advance parison between the chessmen on change. Therefore it must be at their squares and the atoms in a the expense of the temperature may also enable an carlier date to be gas is fauity. The orderliness among it falls and falls till it comes closer fixed for the completion of the two the cheasmen depends only on their than one-hundredth of a 'degree to now battleships to be laid down In

January.

nry. Under the terms of the positions on the board, They do not absolute zero. Ilere metala alter Washington Treaty they cannot be jump up or down or fly about. Un-their character. Somie no longer like the chessmen of Through the offer any resistance whatever to the begun before 1937. Looking Glass, they have no per-flow of an electric currunt. Some Admiralty to arm these two battle- It is the definite Intention of the sonalities of their own, being moved thing happens to thele spinning ships with 14. us, fcrespective noither by hent nor other quality electrons.

able is to be considered.

In dealing with them only one varl- But if we can get so close to ab- of the armament of the new Amerl But in a free gas, which is the solute zero, why not reach it? The can and Japanese capital skips.

Hopes that the Naval Conference answer is that at that temperaturo highest type of disurdor, there are the order would be complete, and ef of 1035-30 would agree to the ces- of submaring construction many variables. Thoro is, for exan absoluto and impossible perfection.sation ample, the volume.. If we were look- The desert about absolute zero can having been falsifled, has been ing for a particular atom in a cortain never be crosset. But it is not an found

10 acid to the region of a gas, wo should mossure amply desert. Into this infinity, strength of British submarine Boul- the amount of order thero by the selence will penetrate further, not las, at present inferior to those of case with which we found-It-It-knowing yet-what-it-may- find... several other Powers..

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