1936-07-13 — Page 6

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MONDAY, JULY 13, 196.

LEAGUE REFORM

Ever in my mind (Taylor &, Russell, John McCormack Miliza Korjus Bell Song (Lakme "~~~Delibes)

The question of the reform of Oriental Prayer "Lakme"-Delibes!...Miliza Korjus the League of Nations is in many people's minds, in view of its failure to prevent Abyssinia being DD-2836 Carneval de Vienne on Themes by Johann Strauss

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either stay in the League as it is, or take, her share in trying to get it reformed. Leaving aside for a moment the many technical dif- ficulties connected with revision there are two main lines of Thought. One is to make the League practically universal by "drawing its teeth" and making it purely an organisation for workl co-operation. The other is to make it more effective along the lines of collective action-to "sharpen its teeth." Those in; favour of the first plan point out that the United States would probably enter the League if Articles 10 and 16 were removed, thus reducing the risk of their being drawn into a sanctions war. The other absentee countries: would probably also come into the League, too, and then it would be universal. Its decisions would be purely advisory. Its power would lle almost entirely in its moral force. But-and here is the strongest point of their argument -it would be there for nations to use to settle their disputes by act ing as arbitrilor. If a nation did not accept its decision, or refused to submit a dispute to it, we world not be any worse off than we are now. To "sharpen the teeth" of the League, on the other band, many alterations would have to be made. Such steps would have to be taken as will make sanctions immediately oper- ative in case of aggression. The term "aggression itself would, perhaps, have to be most carefully defined. Something would also have to be done about the present unanimity rule in voting lat Geneva. Whatever action is eventually taken, there are many who believe that the present

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PREMIER they

tried to

EON BLUM controls the destiny of France. The.

irst Socialist Premier of France is tall and slim and very friendly. His almost frighten- Ing. alertness reminds you that he was once a brillant and in- vincible swordsman. But when he puts both his hands on your shoulders and smiles, he is re- assuringly cordial.

You might think that he was ntly, never sixty-four. He is fitter, through daily exercises, than most men of his age. Fit- ness and an abstemious past saved his life when he was wounded by the Fascist mob three months ago and lost a third of his blood.

"I thought that it was all over with me," he said to a close friend afterwards. He had often wondered, he went on, about the social phenomenon called lynching," and here he had a first-class opportunity to observe it. Now I know what lynching is! " This reflects Blum's fearless objectiveness. For all that, he is not cold and unemotional.

* *

POLITICAL calas-

Atrophe cannot stam

pede him. But the devotion of his followers easily moves him to tears.

If he waited for office for twenty yeara, it was not for the sake of office.

(He will have to raise the pres- Lige of the French Premiership if in future it is to be a tempta- tion in itself to men of his intel- lectual calibre.)

No, Blum's ambition was, and Is, to be the French Premier who really improved the lot of the people, although he took office at one of the most critical mo- ments in the history of the Third Republic.

It is a fearsome ambition, and when the new Premier wants to escape it for a few hours, he finds sanctuary at home on the little island in the Seine where people still speak of "going to Paris," although the city sur- rounds them.

** *

HERE he looks down from the tall windows of

panelled apartment, through the embankment trees, at the barges. No doubt he remembers that nearly -seven centuries ago Louls IX. another great crusader, after whom this island was named, set out from this spot, where he, too, had sought refuge for meditation.

Blum might easily have gone through fe a dreamer and a poet but for two women and a man. His contact with these three made him what he is. They were his mother,

ADVENTURES' END ANDREW SWAN'S DEATH

Auckland, NZ., July 1. Many will remember the book, "The Remarkable Story of Andrew Swan," published in 1932-33, tell- ing the life story of a happy old man who wandered, footloose, over the face of the earth for 44 years,

The subject of this biography passed to his long rest recently in Auckland Hospital.

Andrew Swan, better known to 19 Thonina bis nequaintances Hamilton, returned to New Zen- land, which he first reached some 35 years ago after shipwreek, but

a few weeks ago. He entered the Sailors Home, but illness neces sitated his removal to hospital, where he died,

In 1887 he sailed in the barque "Elm" from Newcastle. She was burned at sea, and he, with four others, lauded on an island, where they remained two years before rescued by a Portuguese ship which Innded him, at Auckland.

Flaxcutting, diving, and other leaving nothing in its place. The

pursuits occupied him while in League has failed in two cases. New Zealand, and be paid another! But it has succeeded in about visit in 1903, when he claimed to forty Instantes. Must Great have discovered £2,137 worth of Britain, because. Italy refuses to ambergris in less than six months, use it, scrap it and so destroy the one period of a week netting him machinery for other countries £750. His philosophy may be aum- which have used it successfullymarized in his own words, "Adven- tures can be had for the asking if for settlement of disputes on

you go to the right place for them." many occasions? That is the Farewell, old nomad, you have now. Lasue which will shortly have to

experienced the last great adver be faced.

ture.

LEON BLUM

Hated and idolised. His ambition is to be the French Premier who really improved the

lot of the people.

his grandmother and Lucien Herr, This is the a college brarian. story of how they came into his life. Leon Blum was born in Paris' two years after the Franco-Prussian War that drove the last of his family out of Alsace, where they were established as merchants.

His widowed grandmother, who

old lady, kept a small bookshop behind the law courts and some times looked after litle Leon.

She had been a Arm Republican under the Second Empire, and her sympathy for the defenders of the Commune had earned her the scorn of her more prosperous relatives, who called her the "Communarde."

It was not altogether surprising. therefore, that the first book sho gave Leon to read was a treatise on revolution. The Communarde in-

SIDE GLANCES

LYNCH

by Jack SANDFORD

spired the little boy with the tra- dition of revolution that has always been the backbone of the Frencli Inbour movement.

As he grew older, he learned to respect the deep sense of justice shown by his mother in the treat. ment of her children, To-day Leon Blum anys. She was the most just person that I ever knew."

He is still so profoundly imbued with her sense of justice that it may be regarded as the nat standard by which he Judges all issues. As a little boy Leon did not feel quite the same about his father.

It is to be noted that although he belonged to an old family of merchants, he steered clear of business all his life.

**

*'

IB family was not poor, but Leon was sent first

dren of working-class parents. He distinguished himself by his in- attention to work; and a tendency to rebellion,

Already two considerations dom- Innted his young mind-the desira- bility of justice and the realisation that it had to be fought for. An- other aspect of the problem, and one probably responsible for his turning ultimately to Socialism, was revealed to him in the play- ground of the lycée where he was sent after his first school.

He was turning over the pages of Emile Augler's Lcs Efrontés when he happened upon a scrap of dialogue that arrested his atten- tion. "Money may be inherited, said one of the characters, "Intelll- gence is not."

"From the lyeto he went to the

The house of French culture. librarian there was Lucten Herr. Young Blum never gave him a second thought until several years after he had left the college and he met the librarian again.

By that time Blum had secured a technical post in the Supreme Administrative Court, and in his spare time Was contributing literary and dramatic criticism' to the more advanced reviews.

Like many of the young literary

By George Clark

"rd forget about it. I don't think more than half the people noticed how you shouted and threw glasses.”

men of the time, he WAE - AT anarchist. Then he met Lucien Here in the Champs Elystes, and while they walked and talked for two hours, Bium rejected intellec- tual anarchy and became a Boel- alist.

Soon he was to meet Jean Jaurès, the great leader and ulti- mately martyr in the cause of peace. The Dreyfus affair was drawing Socialists and Jews closer together. Jaurés seized the oppor- tunity to round a Socialist news paper, and he sent young Blum out. to collect the funda.

T

★ ★

HE largest

gift

that

Blum collected was that 'of 50,000 gold francs from Louis Dreyfus, to-day rival newspaper proprietor, wheal king. and reactionary.

Afterwards

Blum devoted more time to his 11terary pursuits. although he never swerved in his allegiance to the Party.

s career in the Supreme Court flourished, and he refused Jaurès's repeated urgings to stand for Parliament. IL was not until Jaurès was assassinated. on the eve of the war that Blum plunged He became into active polilies. political Becretary to Marcel Sembat, the Socialist Minister of. Public Works, and abandoned the Supreme Court, where he had climbed to the highest rank in the magistrature: Peace came, and with it the threat of party dis- Integration.

Blum, when he made his first appearance at a national congress, terrine Impression. caused a

Marcel Cachin, who was to lead the Communist revolt a year later. called for three cheers for the practically unknown speaker.

The time had come for Blum to enter Parliament. He was elected triumphantly in Paris in 1919. He then discovered that he must carn his living, and he was called to the Bar. Again his success was brilliant and immediate.

O

*

case

N at least one occasion. he pleaded in a against Schneider, the There was a great arms maker, fortune awaiting him at the Bar if he abandoned politics.

He ignored the fortune and began a great battle against. nationalism and militarism, the post-war idols of reactionary“ Europe: Three years later ha de- nounced the French occupation of the Ruhr. The rest of France was- applauding it. At the Unity Con- gress of the Labour and Socialist International in Hamburg ha ex- pressed his sympathy with the Ruhr workers for the occupation of. their territory.

From then on he was the target for the hatred of the French Con- servatives. When the economic erisis begot Fascism in France, he was designated as its prime enemy. The same writers who incited Raoul Villain to assassinate Jaurès were fomenting the murder of Blum.

The attack came at last outside the Chamber of Deputies, when a group of workmen rescued the Socialist lender from the hands-

at the homicidal mob.

N

** *

O Frenchman is indiffer- ent to Blum,

His cour-

age and brillianco for- bid it. Ho is hated and idolised. His enemies call him "The Red Pape." They mock his weak voice, wispy moustacho and unstable pince-nez because there is. nothing else about him that they can mock. He Ignores and Infurl- ates them.

Although his volec is reedy and his gestures on the rostrum may , seem ineffectual, he is the most powerful debater in Parliament. He. can hold the unwavering attention of A hostile House more steadily than any orator since Briand at his best.

His reasoning is irresistible; his reaction to political atmosphere is infalible: his understanding of men and motives is profound.

To-day's Thought...... As long as our civilization is essentially one of property, of fences, of exclusiveness will be mocked by delusions. EMERSON,