1936-07-13 — Page 22

10

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1937

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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH. MONDAY, JULY 13, 1936.

AUSTRIA-The Key to

AST month Austria's Fascist firebrand, Prince Sturheberg. Was Vice-Chancellor and Supreme Lender of the Patrio- fic Front. This month all that has remained of his glory are the positions of Sports Lender and pro- tector of the Mothers' Welfare Work, Great buccaneers have fallen in the past, but rarely has a "strong man" been so noiselessly elimin- ated. People all over the world aro trying to guess the secret that lies behind the swift and dramatic change in Austria.

The decline of the Fuscht Helmi- wehr is a mirror of Mussolini's weakened position.

ASCISM

things:

needs three

daring men,

elever slogans, lots of The Austrian Helmwehr had lost them all.

money,

Their rank and le consisted largely of Job-hunters who were disappointed in their hopes. Those few positions which were to be had In Impoverished Austria went to the leaders, who grew too comfort- able and too lazy.

Their slogans Jost their force when the Helmwehr had become part of the ruling regime, when ¡f they had to defend instead of

attneking.

But they were still a formidable power as long as they had the financial backing of Mussolini, The end came when the money that was to have paid for the up- keep of Mussolini's Austrian henchmen went to make mustard gas to kill Abyssinians.

O

N May 1st the Helmwehr was unable to pay the salaries of 1is own secre- tarles. A fortnight Inter Starhem- berg was out of power.

The Austrian Socialists {WD years ago held out for three days against the forces of a modern army. The Austrian Nazis in their coup d'état put up a desperate night in some parts of the country. But the Austrian Heimwehr was turned out of omce without a single shot.

They have missed their chance. If they try a coup d'état later their own discouraged followers will fail them. In fact, it is their enemies who hope they will try.

The Heimwehr representatives who have been retained in the Cabinet do not count. As one of Schuschnigg's men explained to me: "In six months' time they will pop out of the Cabinet like birds out of a cage."

To understand Austria it should always be remembered that the Austrian population is divided Into three roughly equal parts,

A third is Socialist, a third is Nazi, the remaining third includes Chancellor Schuschnigg's Christ- 1:01 Socialists as well as the Heimwehr.

This position was not funda- mentally changed when the Socialist Party and the Nazi Party

THE

EUROPE'S

FATE

by

Friedrich SCHEU

were forbidden. These parties were driven underground but continued to cxist.

D

URING the next few months Chancellor. Schuschnigg and the Christian Socialists wil dominate the Government and the official political organisation, the "Patri- otic Front."

The bly men of the regime will be: Colonel Adası, until now secre- tary of the Patriotic Front, who will continue to shape its polley: Herr Rélther, provincial governor of Lower Austria, who leads the farmers; and Herr Ender, a former Chancellor.

Their aim is to enlarge the narrow basis of the Government, This, however, can be done in two ways: by an agreement with the Nazis, or by an agreement with the Gocialists.

A Habsburg restoration would not produce this effect. It would not enlarge the basis of the Government but further narrow it down by alienating some of its supporters, Desides, It would create new difficulties abroad.

ן

Therefore, the chances of Habsburg restoration are small. though Schuschnigg and most of his friends are monarchists.

*

IIE Austrian Nazis three months ago were just beginning to break up and get discmanised. Hitler's Occupation of the Rhineland gave' then new life and hope,

The failure of the League to act promptly in the Abyssinian dispute was a further help to them.

This, they said, was the dress re- hearsal for what would happen after Hitler's occupation Austria: the League would act in- effectively or not at all.

of

Now Schuschnigg's immediate circle of friends Includes the chief men on the permanent staff of the Austrian Chancellery,

Some of them are in favour of winning the friendship and sup- port of the Nazis. They propose

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"All that has remained of Prince Starhomborg's glory are the position of Sports Loader and Protector of the Mothers' Wolfaro Work."

Prince Starhemberg watched the international football match in Rome recently betwee Austria and Italy. The match 10as a draw: The picture shows (left to right) Countess Edda Ciano-Mussolini,, Anna-Maria Mussolint, Signora Mussolini, Princess Maria of Savoy, Romano Mussolint, the Duce, Prince Starhembery, the Austrian Minister in Rome, and Brund, Vito, ant Vittorio Mussolini.

including in the Cabinet one or two men who, while not Nazla them- selves, are liked by the Nazis and

terms good

Itler's with Germany.

on

One such man Is Herr Srbik, a professor of history at the Univer Aty of Vienna. On the ove of Star- hemberg's dismissal, Chancellor Schuschfgg had a long conversa- tion with Herr Srbik.

N the end the only Mtulster who was in-

I

cluded In the new Cabinet for the sake of impressing the Nazis was Herr Zermatto, a poet, who was made Under-Sccre- tary, and at the same time secre- tery of the Patriotic Front.

'Herr Zernatto deserves to be watched closely. He may become the thin end of a Nazi wedge In the Austrian Cabinet.

་

The Socialists have actively developed their secret organisa- tlons. They gained new prestige by the courageous stand of their leaders the Vienna trial.

They have successfully per- meated the new Government trade unions and some of the Govern- ment militia organisations.

As long as the memory of the bombardment of the Vienna tene- ment houses remains, Herr Schuschnigg cannot wtir the friendship of the Austrian workers But he could win their toleration, and their support against - the Nazis.

To do this he would not neces- sarily have to restore complete parliamentary democracy. It would be sufficient to release the Imprisoned Socialists, to permit

free trade unions, to grant some degree of free expression of opinion, and to restore the con- fiscated property of the trade unions in the workers' cultural organisations,

Buch an agreement with the Socialists 13 favoured by the farmer lenders in Chancellor Bchuschnigg's circle..

Austria is the key to the Euro- pean situation. But the key lu Austria lles, in turn. In the hands. of the great European Powers.

Whenever Great Britain and France show an active interest in Central European aftales, the Austrian Socialists unther strength. They are the only Party' which supports the League.

When the démocratie Powers leave Central European affairs in the hands of Mussolini, or of Hitler, the Influence of the Austrian Fascists or of the Nazis shows a corresponding rise.

Schuschnigg's Christian-Social-

ists are influenced from various sides. For a time they submitted to Mussolini. They are now look- ing out for new partners.

They must be encouraged to come to terms with the Socialists.

T

Socialist

E combined power of Socialist workers

the

Christian

range

and the

farmers would Austria in the line of the democra- tic States of Europe.

It might make the democratie group sumclently strong to dis- courage Hitler or Mussolint from attacking it.

The next few months in Austrin promise to be a time of wavering Indecision. During that time the fate of Austria will hang in ani uneasy balance. When it does take R decisive turn, that turn may be decisive, for the fate of Europe.

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