1936-07-13 — Page 18

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPI, MONDAY, JULY 13, 1936.

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MONDAY, JULY 13, 193i.

LEAGUE REFORM

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The question of the reform of ...Miliza Korjus } the League of Nations is in many people's minds, in view of its failure to prevent.' Abyssinia being over-run, by an aggressor State. It is a problem bristling with dif- ficulties and one on which a great deal more rests than meets the eye on a first glance. Some people |would "reform” the League to the extent of abolishing it so far as Great Britain is concerned, so that she may depend for her security London Palladium Orchestra on her "strong right arm.' The

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adoption of this policy would absolve Britain from any further consideratión of revising the Covenant. But there is a strong feeling in some quarters that, under modern conditions, isolat bion will not work: Britain must either stay in the League as it is, or take her share in trying to get it reformed. Leaving aside for a moment the many technical dif- ficulties connected with revision there are two main lines-of thought. One is to make the League practically universal by "drawing its teeth" and making it purely an organisation for world co-operation. The other is to make it more effective along the. lines of collective action to "sharpen is teeth." Those in favour of the first plan point out that the United States would probably enter the League if Articles 10 and 16. were removed, thus reducing the risk of their being drawn into a sanctions war, The other absentee 'countries' would probably also come into the League, too, and then it would be universal. Its decisions would be purely advisory. Its power would lie almost entirely in its moral force. But-and here is the strongest point of their argument --it would be there for nations to uso to settle their disputes by act- ing as arbitrator. If a nation di not accept its decision, or refused to submit a dispute to it, we would not be any worse off Dan We are now. To "sharpen the teeth" of the League; on the other hand, many alterations would have to be mude. Such steps would have to be taken as will make sanctions immediately oper- ative in case of aggression. The term "aggression" itself would. perhaps, have to be most carefully icfined. Something would also live to be done about the present unanimity rule in voting lab Geneva. Whatever action is eventually taken, there are many who believe that the present must not be scrapped,

PREMIER they

tried to

EON BLUM controls the destiny of France. The

irst Socialist Premier of France is tall and silm and very friendly. His almost frighten- ing alertness reminds you that. he was once a brilliant and in- vincible swordsman.. But when he puts both his hands on your shoulders and smiles, he is re- 'assuringly cordial.

You might think that he was nity, never sixty-four. Ho to fitter, through dally exercises, than most men of his age.. Fit- ness and an abstemious past saved his life when he was wounded by the Fascist mob three months ago and lost a third of his blood.

"I thought that it was all over with me," he said to a close friend afterwards. He had often wondered, he went on, about the social phenomenon called "lynching." and here he' had a first-class opportunity to observe it." Now 1 know what lynching is! " This reflects Blum's Tearless objectiveness. For all that, he is not cold and

motional.

★ ★ *

POLITICAL

catna-

trophe cannot stam- pede him. But the devotion of his followers easily moves him to tears.

If he waited for omce for twenty years, it was not for the sake of office.

(11e wii have to raise the pres- tige of the French Premiership If in future It is to be a templa- on in self to men of his intel- lectual calibre.}

No. Blum's ambition was, and Is, to be the French Premier who really improved the lot of the prople, although he took ofBee at one of the most critical mo- ments in the history of the Third Republic.

It is a fearsome ambition, and when the new Premier wants to escape it for a few hours, he Auds sanctuary at home on the little island in the Seine where people still speak of "going to Parts," although the city sur- rounds them.

T

* * *

HERE he looks down from the tall windows of his 17th century oak - panelled apartment, through the embankment trees, at the barges. No doubt he remembers that nearly seyen centuries ago Louis IX another.great crusader, after whom this island was named, set out from this spot, where he, too, had sought refuge for meditation,

Blum might easily have gone through life a dreamer and a poet but for two women and a man. Bis contact with these three made him what he is. They were his mother,

ADVENTURES' END ANDREW SWAN'S DEATH

Auckland, NZ., July 1. Many will remember the book, "The Remarkable Story of Andrew Swan," published in 1932-33, tell- ing the life story of a happy old man who wandered, footloose, over the face of the earth for 14 years.

The subject of this biography passed to his long rest recently in Auckland Hospital.

Andrew Swan, better known to his Acquaintances #3 Thomas Hamilton, returned to New Zen- hand, which he first reached some 35 years ago after shipwreck, but a few weeks ago. He entered the Sailors' Ione, but illness neces sitated his removal to hospital, where he died.

In 1887 he sailed in the barque "Elm" from Newcastle. She was burned at sen, and he, with four others, landed on an island, where they remained two years before rescued by n Portuguese ship which landed him at Auckland.

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League has failed in two cases. But it has succeeded in about forty finstances. Must Grent Britain, because Italy refuses to use it, scrap it and so destroy the machinery for other countries which have used it successfüilly for 'settlement" of disputes on many occasions? That is the issue which will shortly have to be faced.

New Zealand, and ho paid another visit in 1903, when he claimed to have discovered · £2,209 worth of ambergris in less than a months, one period of a week net ng hini £750. His philosophy muy e sum marized in his own words, "Adven-| tures can be had for the asking if you go to the right place for them." Farewell, old nomad, you have now experienced the host great adven-| ture.

LEON BLUM

Hated and idolised

His ambition is to be the French Premier who really improved the

lot of the people.

his grandmother and Lucien Herr, n college brarian,

This is the story of how they came into his life. Leon Blum was born in Paris two years after the Franco-Prussian War that drove the last of his family out of Alsace, where they were established as merchants.

His widowed grandmother, who must have been a very remarkable old lady, kept a small bookshop behind the law courts and some- times looked after little Loon.

She had been a firm Republican under the Second Empire, and her sympathy for the defenders of the Commune had earned her the scorn of her more prosperous relatives, who called her the "Communarde,” It was not altogether surprising, therefore, that the first book she gave Leon to read was a treatise on revolution. The Communarde in-

SIDE GLANCES

LYNCH

by Jack

SANDFORD

spired the little boy with tho tra- dition of revolution that has alwaysa been the backbone, of the French labour movement.

As he grew older, he learned to respect the deep sense of justice shown by his mother in the treat- ment of her children, To-day Leon Blum says, "She was the most just person that I ever knew."

48

He is still so profoundly imbued with her sense of Justice that it may be regarded the final standard by which he judges all issues. As a little boy Leon did not feel quite the same about his father.

It is to be noted that although he belonged to an old family of merchants, he steered clear of

business all his life.

H

*

18 family was not poor. but Leon was sent first

to a school for the chil- dren of working-class parents. He distinguished himself by his in- attention to work and a tendency to rebellion.

Already two considerations dom- Inated his young mind-the desira- bility of justice and the realisation that it had to be fought for. An- other aspect of the problem, and one probably responsible for his turning ultimately to Bocialism, was revealed to him in the play- ground of the lycée where he was sent after his first school,

He was turning over the pages of Emile Augier's Les Efrontés when he happened upon a scrap of dialogue that arrested his atten- tion. Money may be inherited," sald one of the characters, "Intelli- gence is not."

From the lycée he went to the Ecole Normalé, traditional forcing- House of French culture. The librarian there was Lucien Herr, Young Blum never gave him a second thought until several yoarn-after-ho-had-loft-the college- and he met the librarian again.

By that time Blum had secured a technical post in the Supreme Administrative Court, and in his spare time was contributing literary and dramatic criticism to the more advanced reviews.

Like many of the young literary

By George Clark

"Td forget about it. I don't think more than half the people notice how you shouted and threw glasses."

men of the time, he was an anarchist. Then ho met Lucien Herr in the Champs Elysées, and while they walked and talked for two hours. Blum rejected intellec- tual anarchy and became a Bocl- alist.

Soon 110 Kas to meet Jean Jaures, the grent leader and uld- mately martyr in the cause of pence. The Dreyfus affair was drawing Socialists and Jews closer together. Jaurès seized the oppor- tunity to found a Socialist news- paper, and be sent young Blum out To collect the funds.

T

HE

*

Clint

largest gift Blum collected was that of 50,000 gold francs, from Louis Dreyfus, to-day rival newspaper proprietor, wheat king i7d reactionary. Afterwards Blum devoted more time to his literary pursuits. although he never swerved in his allegiance to the Party.

" His career in the Supreme Court nourished, and he refused Jaurès's repeated urgings to Stand for Parlament, IL wan not unt!! Jaurès was assassinated on the eve of the war that Blum plunged into active politics. He became political Gecretary to Marcel Scribat, the Socialist Minister of Public Works, and abandoned the Supreme Court, where he had climbed to the highest rank in the ningistrature. Pence came, and

with it the threat of party dls- integration,

Blum, when he made his first appearance at a national congress, caused 凸 terrific impression. Marcel Cnchin, who was to lead the Communist revolt a year later, called for three cheers for the practically unknown speaker.

The time had come for Blunt to enter Parliament. He was elected" triumphantly in Parls In 1910. He then discovered that he must earn his living, and he was called to the Bar. Again his success Was brilliant and immediate.

O

**

N at least one occasion jha-pitadod-in-a-quse Against Schneider, the great arms maker. There was a fortune awaiting him at the Bar if he abandoned politics.

He ignored the fortune and began a great battle against nationalism and militarism, tho post-war idols of reactionary Europe. Three years later be de- nounced the French occupation of the Rubr. The rest of France was applauding it. At the Unity Con- gress of the Labour and Socialist International in Hamburg ho ex- pressed his sympathy with the Ruhr workers for the occupation of their territory..

From then on he was the target for the hatred of the French Con- servatives. When the economic crisis begot Fascism in France, he was designated as its prime enemy. The same writers who incited. Raoul Villain to assassinate Jaurès were fomenting the murder of Blum. The attack came at last outside the Chamber of Deputies. when a group of workmen rescued the Socialist leader from the hands of the homicidal mob.

N

O Frenchman is indiffer- ent to Blum.

His cour-

age and brilliance for- bid it. He is hated and idolised. ills enemics call him "Tho. Red Popu." They mock his weak voice, wispy moustache and unstablo pince-nez-because there Is nothing else about him that they can mock. He ignores and infuri- ates them.

Although his voice is ready and his gestures on the rostrum may scem ineffectual, ho is the most powerful debater in Parlament. He can hold the unwavering attention of a hostile House more steadily than any orator since Brland at his beat.

His reasoning is irresistible; his reaction to politieni atmosphere is Infallible; his understanding of men and motives is profound.

To-day's Thought.

As long as our civilization is casentially one of property. of fences, of exclusiveness, it will be mocked by delusions.

-EMERSON.