1936-06-10 — Page 18

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 10, 1986.

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Hongkong Telegraph.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 10, 1936,

CHINA PUZZLE From the plethora of pro- clamations, manifestoes and official disclaimers it is not easy to gain a true picture of what Is transpiring in Canton in con- nection with the renewed dis- play of patriotic zeal which finds expression in an allegedly in- tense desire that China should, without further ado, meet Japanese inroads into Chinese sovereignty by actual armed re- sistance. Not only is it diflicult to appreciate what is the real motive behind the movement,

.

E

CRAMMING KILLS

·DUCATIONAL experts have for years theprised on the problem of the backward child, the prob- lem of the dunce who becomes an outstanding success in after years, and the problem of the brilliant child who never rises above mediocrity in adult life.

The Prime Minister recently stated that he was convinced ho owed any success he had achieved to the fact that he was slow at school and developed late. Again and again, he said, he had seen the brilliant youngster purn out and becoine a tired nonentity at forty. problem of the Obviously, very frat importance and has an immense effect on the Hfe of the nation, yet so far as I am aware there, has been no attempt at an exhaustive and unbiased exam- ination of it by the educational experts in conjunction with the doctors.

O

NLY the doctor can say, if anyone can, just why these things happen and how it is that our hopes and fears concerning a youngster's future are so often falsified.

Admittedly, the schoolmaster is In a difficult position. lis jeb iz to get results.

BRAINS

by a

Wimpole Street DOCTOR

the intelligent but obstruc- tive. That is the boy of whom It la continually said, "Could do far better if he made an effort." He has the brains, but he just won't use them. Yet that is precisely the type of boy who develops late in life, who is striding forward to fame and success at forty when the boys who won all the scholar- ships are lost in their safe and uninspiring jobs.

or Parents send, their children to school to be taught, and if the child does not earn it must be through the incißelency of the school and the stupidity of the form master.

In self-defence, therefore, the nelsoolmaster must get his steady flow of succcasíui scholars, and if these are sumelently impressive, hls, proportion of failures will be tolerated.

Inevitably, this leads to the ball- Hlant boy being' driven as hard as possible while the lazy one is, sooner or later, left to his own devices. Yet to produce results of a lasting character, the correct procedure would usually be the exact opposite!

Co-

Boys can be divided into five types-stupid, Juzy, intelligent but obstructive, intelligent and operative, and brilliant, About the only types koly to derive any per- manent benefit from cramming are the stupid and the inzy, and those are the very types that never get itl

**

HOSE boys who are either brilliant or intelll- gent and co-operative are the master's pride and joy. knowledge

The

former absorb almost without effort. The latter try so hard and work so enthusias-

tically that there is often little to choose between them in actual results.

From the master's point of

Ltd. but even on points of fact, such view, the really heartbreaking boy

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as the exact disposition of the Southern armies, reports are strangely confusing. In some quarters it is stated that Kwang- si-and-Kyangtung-forces-are actually over the Hunan border;

-To-day's Thought

ENVY is the most corroding of the vices, and also the greatest power in any land.

-J. M. BARRIE.

As we watch the daily miracle a graving child, It seems such a simple, natural operation that it in fimpossible for anything Yet much to go wrong with it. actually it is such an incredibly intrate process that even now our knowledge of precisely what Koes plete.

The speed of a child's develop- ment is controlled by the Endo- crine system that battery of duct- less glands whose power and influ- ence have only recently been re- cognised. Yet the endocrine glands, In turn, are at the mercy of dozens of other bodily factors, any one of which may produce far-reaching results.

Is hazy and incom-

A

* * *

LTHOUGH all the glands are formed at the time of birth, they do not all assume their functions at the same time. Their develop ment may be retarded by some unknown Inctor innate in them- extraneous selves, or by some

condition such as septle absorp tion from bad tenslis, from ade- noita, fzoin under-feeding, or from constipation.

Bear in mind that underfeeding Includes an Inadequate and un- sultable diet and may be found in children of the wealthiest families and at the biggest public schools.

How often, then, can one find boys who at some time or other during their development are hot subject to self-poisoning from at I have least one of the causes mentioned? Very rarely indeed. yet buys are expected at all times to produce a fixed output of work, Irrespective of what their physical condition may be,

It is not sufficiently widely re-

in others, it is reported that the tact with the the situation than SIDE GLANCES troops are merely being held in for perfervid patriots far re-

moved from the real danger- readiness to march north once

apot. This much seems certain the order is given. It may,

that noisy clamouring for re- however, serve the clarify the

sistance to Japan, especially if situation from the military

it carries with it the possibility standpoint to point out that the

of Internal strife in China, is proclamation issued a few days ago by Southern army leaders, likely to defeat its own purpose. Never was there greater including Generals Chan Chai-

need for caution in China's at- tong, Pei Hsung-hsi and Li}

titude towards Japan than at Chung-yen, went no further than

the present time. Meanwhile, appealing to Nanking to take a

than a suspicion there is more determined stand against Japan)

that personal ambition and asking permission to des-enmity are at the back of the patch troops for the purpose of present agitation, coupled with aiding in the resistance. On the other issues which bear little re- general question of the motives |lation to surface appearances. behind the fresh outburst of

and

Southern patriotism, it is a NOTES OF THE DAY

parent that a great deal of mys-

From the master's point of view, the really heart- breaking boy is the intelligent but obstructive typo..

cognised that the mere action of growing and developing throws a big strain on a child's physical and mental powers. Only the most robust have sufficient energy both to grow at a normal rate and to study hard.

That is why we so frequently sec that the "clever" children aro small, thin and dislike games. Their supply of what might be termed "vital forca" is insum- elent to nourish both brain and body. As most of it is absorbed by the brah, the body inevitably Buffers.

C

*

*

ONSIDER a simple and famillar apparatus like

the electrie accumula- tor.. If it is to give good service It must be charged at a certain rate, and only a fixed amount of electricity must be put into it. If either of these factors is exceeded, the plates will buckle and will be ruined.

Now the human body-partieu- iarly the body of a child-1s very like an accumulator. It is safe to pump only a certain amount of knowledge in at a certain speed. Naturally. the amount and Speed will vary with individuals, just as it varles with different

By George Clark

"I could have been a big slot, but my mother wouldn't let me fly the ocean which I wanted to."

types of accumulators. But the Ilmit is there, and it is fatally easy to exceed it.

The dangerous thing is that each year the schoolmastass want to aim at higher stan- dards, to pump in more know. ledgo in Д shorter time. the ngo Twenty-five years amount of knowledge neces- sary to pass matriculation was almost negligible compared with the amount needed to pass it to-day.

Yet can it be contended that this. extra secumulation of scholastle facts will give the boy of to-day any advantage in later life com- pared with his predecessor of twenty-five years ago?

I wonder what the result will be in twenty-five years from now of this forcing-house system of education and the fetish of the Tena competitivo examination..

of thousands of appointments which constitute those vital first steps up the Indder of success are being made to-day on the results of examinations, and these posts are going to young men whose glandular and nervous systems have been over-taxed by years of cramming.

S

** *

OONER or later, the uneven development of these all important. By functions will tell its tale. that time the routine of promotion by seniority will have brought these men to relatively high places, so we shall get our Civil Service

our and

big businesses run mainly by burnt-out men-men who no longer possess the nerve or drive or initiative to cope with big events and to make swift and accurate decisions.

This subject should be the- roughly investigated before it is too late. The object of school education should not be to achieve. A number of examination suc- cesses, but to give all hoys a care- fully graded physical and mental training that will at them and prepare them for the tasks they have to do in after life.

In an ideal school the brilliant boys should not be encouraged--- they should be retarded. It is the slow and duil ones who should ab- sorb the major portion of the teacher's attention. It might be argued that this would tend to produce a dull level of mediocrity, but if it did, would that be very serious?

T

** *

HE brilliant boy would still be brillant, even

if he had not demon- strated his ability by passing examinations. And the slow boy would still be a dull plodder, even if he know a good deal more than does the slow boy who is taught by present-day methods.

But we should see the difference when they went out into the world. With bodies and brains carefully matured,

with the intolerable

strain of growing up taken from them, the clever boys would shoot

up liko rockets.

terlous activity has been going SHIPBUILDING on behind the scenes, and if the

Of all the industries in Great whole facts were known it might Britain which are enjoying a well bo found that the greater measure of prosperity than real issue has little to do with they have known for some time, there is none where recovery is military resistance to Japan.

more welcomed than in the ship- The intricacies of Chinese in-building industry. Progress has di- ternal politics are so many that boen achloyed under great the apparently obvious explana-ficulties, but to-day the industry has regained the position it held! tion often bears the least resem- before the depression. The amount blance to the actual facts. of tonnaga building, totalling 842,- on which work was started excee-l- efforts of the industry itself. All General Li Chung-yen asserts 361 tons, is the highest since the od the shipping launched by 38,248 the chief shipbuilding areas have tons. Of the merchant shipping had their share in the recovery, that the majority of the Chinese end of 1930.

At the end of March, 1986, the now on the stocks throughout the and it is expected that there will favour EL war of resistance tonnage in hand was nearly 100,-world forty-six per cent, is in be a steady and general expansion. against Japan. That may be 000 tons more than at the begin- British yards. Government policy Meanwhile the carrying trade also the case, but whether the pre-ning of the year, and 286,000 tons has been an Important factor in flourishes, and London maintains sent is the correct moment to more than a year ago. During the revival, but the present degree her position as the centre of the ended March, 1936, about 15,000 the quarter ended in March there of prosperity could not have been world's shipping. She handles ships arrived in the Port: of London from foreign ports-ffity force the issue is more a matter were launched 104,275 tons, an in-achieved without the determina- more traffle than the next two per cent.of them being British for those who are in close con- crease of 62,136, and the tonnaga tion, enterprise and indefatigablo largest porta in the United King-vessels..

And it might prove that even the dull ones wore left with enough staying power to be of more fast- ing benefit to their country than the brilliant men who, through our resent methods become too. old as forty.