1936-06-08 — Page 6

THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, MONDAY, JUNE 8, 1986.

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C-2835 Gertrude Lawrence Medley-Parts 1 & 2

Gertrude Lawrence Jack Hulbert BD-334 Where there's you there's me

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AZANA-Rebel

President

By

TELLING of the things that are Now Happening

in Spain, Why they Happened,

J. LANGDON-DAVIES What they Mean.

►

. The Lerroux Government THERE has been elected are the Power that has chosen THERE

the bourgeois Republican, which followed was as corrupt almost unanimously a new

their national as any other, sO that Azana Spanish President. He is a Azana, for

himself said that he preferred man who was nearly executed symbol.

a king to such Ministers. less than tivo years ago for un-

They have done so for one

Spain had been led to hope successful rebellion against the

that Fascism may not reason, State. Now he becomes the prevail, and on one condition, for too much and conditions got symbol and the guardian of the that Spain shall be increasingly steadily worse. Spanish Constitution:

the Republic of all Spaniards Who Work.

public

*

晶

The revolt of October, 1934, was put down ruthlessly.

Everyone left alive who had THAT is the implication which had any complicity in the re- volution was sent to prison for long terms of years. But on the prison ship in Barcciona har- bour the guards saluted their prisoners whenever they came on deck.

What sort of a man is this Azana, and what has happened to make him the one man ac- ceptable to Spanish

Azana must not forget, opinion as President?

Azana has been misunder- There was a time when he stood by most Englishmen who was an extremist in Spanish have tried to follow the strange politics, now must of his revolution of the Spanish Re- strength comes from the left of public; for there is one curious | hs Own Liberal Republican thing about Spanish political "Why do you salute us?" one position.

AZANA, 54-year-old_ex; civil screant, prominent litterateur, playwright, translator

of Borrow's "Bible in Spain," came into political limelight as "find" of Republic after vanalu- tion which exited King

Alfonso

which would like to see a milli- tary dictatorship.

The second danger to the Azana regime will be the possl- ble failure of its attempts to bring about the necessary re- life which must puzzle us. Wo asked. "Because the result forms within the structure of a, society. able to understand two next time may be different and bourgeois capitalist The hundreds of thousands are

of The Socialist supporters of workers, who, dressed in kinds of revolution, one legal we would like you to remember Azana are frankly doubtful of

we ourselves practise our courtesy," was the reply. his being able to succeed, their blue and their red shirts, which Socialists and Communists al- whenever we use the ballot to

Hongkong Telegraph. ternately, marched with linked change our Government; the

MONDAY, JUNE 8, 1930.

BRITISH

UNIVERSITIES

arins

are

Within eighteen months most` · All failures will be used as on May the First down other illegal, the French Revo- of the prisoners had been trans- fuel by the implacable syndica- and the Russian being ported by legal use of the ballot list opposition, for though anar- the Paseo del Prado, while the lution

to the seats of government. The chism and syndicalism statue of Valasquez, palette in types of this second,

clection of February of this. losing, ground every day to Socialism and Communism,. hand, bent forward as if mea-

The fail of the monarchy was year was an overwhelming vic- Spin' remains the one country suring. them with his eye-these

que to two separate episodes; tary for the Popular Front, so where unti-political syndicalism first, there was an armed revolt, much so that the Right did the has a real following. .' incompetently led and easily put only thing left to them, they

The general level of education NOTES OF THE DAY down, leaving, one would say, sulked and refused to vote at all. country, so that Azana's first

*

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years before.

=k

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It is especially strong in the task will be to see that whoever, he appoints to take his present place as head of the Govern- ment continues at an accelerated pace the work of agrarian re-

form.

It is a paradox that in the AND now Azana, implicated highly legal Spanish republic, designed to help them by lawful in two illegal revolutions, means, peasants are not wait- both of them grossly unsuccess- ing for decrees before they take ful, is legally elected President possession of the land, for by the time the red tape of bureau- cracy could give it them le- gally, seed-time would be past. and starvation be upon them.

without real opposition.

Will he have a peaceful six of office? He has two years dangers to fear. First, there is

Everywhere, therefore, to-lay the ruthless though secret

op the land is going back to the position of Fascist and pseudo- peasant without due process of Fascist elements to the Right law. Peacefully for the most Disunion is the chief character part, for the police are felt to istic of these. There is first of be on the side of the workers A feeling all the Catholic or more accur and the peasants, ately the Jesuit party of Gil which explains much of the Robles,a-Spanish Dollfuss; calm and patience to be seen second, there is the Fascist throughout Spain to-day. But Party of the Spanish Hitler, in the six years of Azana's rule Calvo Sotelo.

the law has got to catch up with. the will of the people.

The first two years of the Republic saw a group of en thusiastic amateurs, poets and novelists many of them, trying to reform several hundred years

Between these there is about of rotten public life. They were incompetent and tactless; they as much cohesion as there was lost support and left the way between Hitler and Dollfuss. clear to the return in a new Third, there are the clandestine royalists, and fourth a group disguise of the old clique.

SIDE GLANCES By George Clark

.Sam Browne

a few nothing behind it but in Great Britain is commendably

But this legal .Sam Browne

revolution high, and, since the War, succes-COST OF LIVING

graves and ruined reputations.

would never have happened had Yet when a few months later it not been for the illegal revolt Marek Weber's Orchestra sive Governments have institut-

The British Ministry of Labour .Marck Weber's Orchestra ed educational reforms of vari-is now engaged on the revision of

the basis of the cost-of-living the towns and villages of Spain so easily crushed less than two

to the election of .Alfredo Campoli & His Orchestra

The tremendous

Index number. An Advisory Com proceeded Tango Habanera .Alfredo Campoli & His Orchestra lous kinds.

changes in social life have neces-mittee is being formed, on which their mayors and local councils, "Follow the Sun"-Selection-Parts 1 & 2

the employers organisations and everywhere Republican candi- sitated a broader view of the the trade unions will be represent-

were swept into office; pled in collecting data regarding and before all the results were general problem of education, ed. The Committee will be occu- dates and it has been found advisable the main items of expenditure of known, King Alfonso was cross- to extend the activities of the working-class households, and a ing the Spanish frontier into number of housewives throughout Universities so as to embrace in the country will be asked to co-permanent exile. their scope more students from operate by keeping detailed c- counts over specified periods. The the wider masses of the people. task covers so wide a field that it NOW the important thing to realise is that without ille is expected to take more than National and local organisations eighteen months to complete. The gal armed uprising, this elec- loral result would never have have helped to provide a uni-revision will affect 134 wage agree- versity education for a larger ments, which are based on the pre-been. Spain could only put the sent index number, and the wages Republican mark on the ballot MOUTRIE & Co., Ltd. percentage of the population of nearly 1,500,000 workers. The paper by dipping her pen in the

present monthly figures are cal blood of martyrs. The University Grants Commit-cutated on a percentage increase on tee now distribute, on behalf of the cost of maintaining a working

class family in July, 1914, on re- the State, over £2,000,000 an-cognised standards of living. The nually to British Universities, 1914 figure was reached after an extensive examination of a large while a further grant of £600,-number of working-class budgets 000 is made by local authorities. in all parts of Great Britain. As a result of these enquiries, it was During the past six years private found that food accounted for sixty persons have also made gifts to per cent; rent and rates sixteen per cent; clothing twelve per cent; the Universities of a total value fuel and light eight per cent, and of £5,250,000. According to acther items four per cent of ex- penditure. Since the War there report issued by the Committee have been a number of changes: Electricity has been introduced covering the last six years, inte, a number of working-class "despite two or three years of homes; artificial silk is now in- unexampled financial depression, cluded in the category of women's clothing and smoking is now the record of independent sup-freely indulged in by both sexes. port and generosity has been a There have also been alterations in diet: the consumption of remarkable fenture of the past milk, fruit and vegetables has in- six years." The grants-in-aid creased, while a decreased con- sumption has been marked in farin- enable many students who, be-accous foods. Compared with the cause of restricted means, could 1914 figures, the cost of living a8 far as food is concerned is thirty not otherwise do so, to benefit per cent higher; the average full- by a University education. In-time wage of a labourer in the building industry is 83 per cent deed, it is estimated that forty-higher; in engineering it is 84 per two per cent, of undergraduates cent higher; and in the railway receive some kind of financial service 120 per cent higher. The average increase in all wages Is assistance. Whereas the Uni-G6% per cent. versities once housed only the sons and a few daughters of the professional and well-to-do have a higher function than that and classes, they are now mingling-of training young men places of young men and women women for employment. They of every class. The humblest seek to develop character as well family may now cherish the am-as intelligence. To-day there is bition of sending the most something of a lull in the promising of the children to a development of the Universities, University. The report states, and it is suggested that this as a fact of the first order of im-gives an opportunity for serious portance, tlist a large part of the thought as to the lines future now increase in the number of development should take. One students has come from the thing is certain, namely, that the ranks of the people. "At least ideal simed at will be the train- fifty per cent. of the studenta in ing of students in such a way the provincial Universities of that they will become balanced the country began their educa-human beings, Greely and fully

schools. British Universities fit any narrow pattern.

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"Come along, if you like, und maybe you'll pick up some- thing for your book; but I won't have no tinje to sit around telling you a lot of romantic nonsense about the river.""

Azana's Spain takes its place among the democracies, none too many to-day, determined to stem the rising tide of dicta- torial nationalism.

DURING the

elections of

Februnry the Puerta del Sol, Madrid's nerve centre, was over-shadowed by A colossal poster in the interests of Gl Robles. Photographic "monta- · ge" depicted Gil Robles pointing lo a vast concourse of people and saying: "These are my Power."

&

The photograph from which the crowd had been constructed was recognised as being one of mass meeting addressed in fact by Azana. The enthusiasts of the Left wished to burn it down; "No, leave It up," said Azana, "and let Madrid laugh." thousands Every day the strolling in the Puerta del Sol and gazing up at the picture laughed more and more. They saw something American, or at lenst Hollywooden, In Gi Robles poster and something Spanish in Azana's way breating it.

of

We may be quite sure that Azana will go about solving. Spanish questions in a Spanish way; and we should remember that a part of the Spanish way. is a profound respect. for the reign of law provided the law scems, just to the conscience of the people.

Spain to-day has perhaps the I'most constitutional and least corrupt Government on the Con- tinent of Europe. All good Europeans will wish Azana well,